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This Element investigates how the Ghanaian household wealth index is impacted by travel time reduction, which is a direct effect of infrastructural investments from 2000 to 2016. The wealth index is constructed based on the possession of selected assets and reflects the well-being of residents in Ghana. The Element employs two datasets, the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the DHS Covariates. The two-stage least square estimation is implemented to establish the causal relationship. The Element finds that a ten percent reduction in travel time from 2000 to 2015 would result in a 1.2 percent increase in the wealth index from 2003 to 2016. This finding is robust to various settings, including the addition of more control variables, the use of different instrumental variables, and the study of both short-term and long-term effects. The analysis lends support to the Ghanaian government's current economic and infrastructure development plans.
This study introduces a new international marketing concept: the country of export destination effect (COED) at a consumer level. The results of this study show that the COED influences domestic consumers¿ quality evaluation, preference, and purchase intention regarding a product manufactured domestically, but available both domestically and internationally. Specifically, consumers¿ product knowledge negatively moderates the COED effect on the quality evaluation of the car and mahogany furniture. This finding is similar to the halo effect in the country of origin (COO) literature. In addition, different export destinations have different effects on consumers¿ preference and purchase intention. In contrast to studies in the COO literature, this research demonstrates that nationalism and internationalism are positively related to the intention to purchase an exported product. Patriotism, however, is negatively related to the consumer¿s intention to purchase an exported product.
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