Bøger af U S Army Corps of Engineers

This manual provides guidance for the selection, design, installation, operation, and maintenance of cathodic protection systems for navigation lock gates and other civil works hydraulic structures. The primary corrosion control method for civil works hydraulic structures is a protective coating system, most often paint. Where the paint system and structure are submerged in water, a combination of the anodic and cathodic properties of materials, the liquid electrolyte, and external electrical circuits combine to form electrochemical corrosion cells, and corrosion naturally follows. Cathodic protection systems can supplement the paint coating system to mitigate corrosion damage.

This manual presents fundamental principles underlying the design and construction of earth and rock-fill dams. The general principles presented herein are also applicable to the design and construction of earth levees.

The purpose of this book is to familiarize engineers and contractors with various established methods of low cost shore protection. It is written for the individual who is knowledgeable in general civil engineering design and construction, but not a specialist in coastal engineering or shoreline protection.The methods described in this book are usually appropriate for use only in sheltered waters. That is, they are generally not intended for open coast sites where they would be exposed to the undiminished attack of large oceanic waves.

This book is intended for property owners whose land is located on sheltered waters protected from direct action of open ocean waves. As a reader, you may be personally concerned about some aspect of shore protection because your house or cottage is threatened by continued erosion or a sandy beach you once enjoyed as disappeared. Whatever your personal circumstances, it is probably small comfort to know that your plight is shared by many others.In trying to solve your problem, you may have sought the advice of others or observed the means they have used to combat erosion problems. Or, you may have been approached by a local firm trying to sell either construction services or some shore protection device. While such resources may sometimes achieve satisfactory results, you and a majority of others are probably reading this because you have been unable to solve your problems and have suffered substantial capital losses in the process. If such is the case, then this report is for you.

This manual provides guidance for planning, designing, developing, and managing dredged material for beneficial uses, incorporating ecological concepts and engineering designs with biological, economical, and social feasibility. Beneficial uses of dredged material have been proven on numerous sites in United States waterways. This manual will be helpful to scientists and engineers responsible for dredging and dredged material disposal using environmentally, economically, and socially sound techniques and beneficial use management strategies. Ten broad categories of beneficial uses have been identified, based on their functional use of dredged material at disposal sites. They are:(1) Habitat development (wetland, upland, island, aquatic, including migratory and nesting use by waterbirds, shorebirds, waterfowl, and other groups).(2) Beach nourishment.(3) Aquaculture.(4) Parks and recreation (commercial and noncommercial).(5) Agriculture, forestry, and horticulture.(6) Strip mine reclamation and solid waste management.(7) Shoreline stabilization and erosion control.(8) Construction and industrial use (including port development, airports, urban, and residential).(9) Material transfer (fill, dikes, levees, parking lots, roads).(10) Multiple purpose.

This design guide provides guidance for the basic design, installation and operation of ground water extraction and ground water injection systems for the cleanup of contaminated ground water, exclusive of any treatment systems. General guidance on ground water extraction already exists. The intent of this design guide is to document lessons learned from experience and to provide a systematic approach to the installation, operation and trouble-shooting of systems. In addition, this design guide identifies aspects of ground water/fuel extraction and ground water injection systems that have led to poor performance and provides solutions to these problems. The design guide provides trouble-shooting charts that list problems, causes, solutions and preventative measures. The design guide then provides a series of checklists for the user to follow during the implementation of a project. The checklists identify information and data needs that, when addressed, greatly improve the likelihood for project goals to be achieved.

This manual provides technical specifications and procedural guidance for control and geodetic surveying. It is intended for use by engineering, topographic, and construction surveyors performing control surveys for civil works, military construction, and environmental restoration projects. Procedural and quality control standards are defined to establish uniformity in control survey performance and contract administration. A geodetic control survey consists of establishing the horizontal and vertical positions of points for the control of a project or installation site, map, GIS, or study area. These surveys establish three dimensional point positions of fixed monuments, which then can provide the primary reference for subsequent engineering and construction projects. These control points also provide the basic framework from which detailed site plan topographic mapping, boundary demarcation, and construction alignment work can be performed. Precisely controlled monuments are also established to position marine construction vessels supporting the Corps navigation mission - e.g., the continuous positioning of dredges and survey boats. Geodetic control survey techniques are also used to effectively and efficiently monitor and evaluate external deformations in large structures, such as locks and dams. This manual covers the use of engineering surveying techniques for establishing and/or extending project construction control. Accuracy requirements, standards, measurement procedures, calibrations, horizontal and vertical datum transformations, data reduction and adjustment methods, and engineering surveying techniques are outlined. The primary focus of this manual is on conventional (i.e., non-GPS) horizontal and vertical survey techniques using traditional ground survey instruments--transits, theodolites, levels, electronic total stations, etc. Typically, conventional survey techniques include traverse, triangulation, trilateration, and differential leveling.

This manual provides an overview of coastal geology and a discussion of data sources and field study methods applicable to coastal geological studies. This manual is intended for use by engineers, geologists, and oceanographers tasked with conducting coastal geological investigations.The purpose of this manual is to provide an overview of coastal geology and a discussion of data sources and study methods applicable to coastal geological field studies. "Coastal geology" is defined as the science of landforms, structures, rocks, and sediments with particular emphasis on the coastal zone. Material in this manual has been adapted from textbooks and technical literature from the fields of geology, geomorphology, geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, and geotechnical engineering. The practicing scientist involved in coastal projects is expected to be able to obtain a general overview of most aspects of coastal geology and to be able to refer to the reference list for additional information on specific topics.

This manual provides guidance for the design and placement of beach stabilization structures, specifically groins, nearshore breakwaters, and submerged sills. Design of beach stabilization structures is complex. It requires analyses of the wave, current, and longshore transport environments and the coastal processes at a project site. It requires knowledge of the functional performance of the various shore stabilization schemes, the application of engineering judgment and experience to the design, and the structural design of a system that will withstand the marine environment and function as intended. Beach stabilization structure designs are site specific, and no single scheme is best for all situations; consequently, each design must be tailored to its specific objectives and site. This manual provides guidelines and design concepts but does not, in most cases, provide detailed design procedures.

This manual provides current guidance and engineering procedures for the solution of tidal hydraulics problems. The subjects covered in this manual range from the fundamentals of estuarine engineering to specific problem solving techniques, including environmental considerations, to a summary of "lessons learned" from completed projects. The problem solving portion of the manual serves as a means of transferring the technical knowledge obtained from recent research efforts in tidal hydraulic engineering.

This manual provides general information, design criteria and procedures, static and dynamic analytic procedures, temperature studies, concrete testing requirements, foundation investigation requirements, and instrumentation and construction information for the design of concrete arch dams.

This manual provides guidance for planning, layout, and design of small boat harbor projects. These projects include boat basins, boat ramps, and channels. Small boats are classified as recreational craft, fishing boats, or other small commercial craft with lengths less than 100 ft. The goal of a good design is to provide a safe, efficient, and economical project for small vessels, with consideration to social and environmental factors.