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Marine Combat Water Survival, provides Marine Corps combat water survival techniques, procedures, and training standards. This publication also teaches Marines to cross water obstacles and perform water rescues correctly and safely. This publication is the foundation for teaching Marines correct water survival techniques and procedures that are used throughout the Marine combat water survival program (MCWSP).CONTENTSChapter 1. Survival at SeaAbandoning Ship Jettisoning Equipment Abandoning Ship Technique Modified Abandoning Ship Technique Surface Burning Oil SwimSurviving With a Pack Preparing Equipment Tying Waterproof/Plastic Bags Packing the Pack Swimming With the PackStaying Afloat With a Life Preserver Inherently Buoyant Life Preservers Inflatable Life PreserversStaying Afloat Without a Life Preserver Floating With an Inflated Blouse Floating With Inflated Trousers Sling Method Splash Method Blow MethodAvoiding Heat Loss in Cold Water Individual Protection From the Cold Group Protection From the ColdDrownproofing Methods Crawl Stroke T-Method The Sweep Breast Stroke Side Stroke Elementary BackstrokeChapter 2. Water RescuesReaching Rescue Techniques Reach Reach From a Deck Arm Extension Leg Extension Wading Assist ThrowLifesaving Approaches Front Surface Approach Rear ApproachApproach Strokes Crawl Stroke Approach Stroke Breast Stroke Approach StrokeLevel Offs Front Surface Approach Single Armpit Level Off Double Armpit Level OffRescue Techniques Wrist Tow Single Armpit Tow Double Armpit Tow Collar Tow Cross-Chest Carry Tired Swimmer's AssistDefense Against a Drowning Victim Block Wrist-Grip Escape/Wrist-Grip Escape Alternative Front Head-Hold Escape Rear Head-Hold EscapeAdministering First Aid/Rescue BreathingChapter 3. Treatment of Casualties and Avoidance of Dangerous Marine LifeDrowning Symptoms TreatmentHypothermia Symptoms Survival Time TreatmentHeat-Related InjuriesBurnsCommon Medical Problems Associated with Sea Survival Seasickness Saltwater Sores Blindness/Headache Constipation Sunburn and DehydrationDangerous Marine Life Sharks and Barracudas Sea Snakes Poisonous Fish Turtles and Moray Eels Corals Jellyfish, Portuguese Man-of-War, Anemones, and Others Spiny Fish, Urchins, Stingrays, and Cone ShellsChapter 4. Negotiating Water ObstaclesTidesSurf Plunging Waves Spilling Waves Surging WavesCurrents Offshore Currents Rip Currents Littoral CurrentsBack BaysRivers and CanalsChapter 5. Fording WaterwaysSelection of a Ford Site Determine the Slope Clinometer Map Line of Sight and Pace Determine the Current Speed Measure River Width Calculate Downstream DriftThe Buddy SystemWater CrossingsCare of Weapons ISOMAT Raft Poncho Raft Construction of a Pack Raft Single-Rope Bridge High and Dry Crossings Swift Current Crossings Slow Current Crossings RemovalAppendix. Knot TyingSquare KnotBowlineHitches Half Hitch Two Half Hitches Round Turn and Two Half Hitches Butterfly Knot

Naval transformation will support joint transformation by delivering new military capabilities and dramatically enhancing current capabilities to protect and advance America's worldwide interests by assuring access and projecting power from the sea. While the Navy - Marine Corps Team is expanding the entire array of naval capabilities we provide the Nation, our transformation is centered upon the development of Seabasing: the concepts and capabilities that exploit our command of the sea to project, protect, and sustain integrated warfighting capabilities from the maritime domain. Seabasing and the supporting tools we are developing will usher in dramatic new ways of employing naval forces to deter conflict and, when required, to wage war. Throughout, every aspect of naval transformation will be, first and foremost, committed to and built upon the principles of jointness. Seabasing will provide new naval capability options for use by Joint Force Commanders in innovative combinations with the transformed capabilities of the other Services and Agencies. The transformation of America's naval forces is a continuous process, one that includes changes in the way we train, educate and employ our people; the way we organize and equip our warfighting formations; and the processes by which we distinguish and develop the naval capabilities that will be needed by future joint forces. This Naval Transformation Roadmap serves to identify the most significant of the enhanced naval capabilities we believe will be required by the nation, and captures many of the concrete steps we are taking to achieve them. It describes how naval forces will achieve the transformational warfighting capabilities needed to support the developing Joint Operating Concepts (JOCs) and the six critical operational goals described in the 2001 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR). These naval capabilities are focused on projecting and sustaining forces in distant anti-access and area denial environments while protecting against our asymmetric vulnerabilities by exploiting our maritime superiority to protect and advance America's worldwide interests. Naval transformation also supports Sailors, Marines, civilians, and contractors through the modernization of naval personnel management systems. Throughout, our naval transformational process is intended to support the development of Department of Defense capabilities that are jointly integrated from inception, rather than being merely incorporated by future Joint Force Commanders under the pressure of emerging crises. The Navy - Marine Corps Team; with its two distinct Services, core competencies, and cultures; is proud to serve as a model for what can be achieved by different organizations working towards common ends.

The Marine Corps' Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) and Marine Corps Prepositioning Program - Norway (MCPP-N) have been operationally invaluable in supporting our Nation's interests across the world. These two unique programs provide the essential elements needed to support and executive crisis response, global reach, and forward presence. The Marine Corps' Prepositioning Programs enable the rapid deployment of Marine Air Ground Task Forces (MAGTFs) and/or augment individual Marine units forward deployed. These forces are uniquely capable of strengthening alliances, securing strategic access, and defeating hostile adversaries. MPF and MCPP-N are keystones in the Marine Corps' capability for setting the conditions for national security. The prepositioning of equipment and supplies to support MAGTFs from Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU), Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MED), to Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) level employment, enables Marine forces to fulfill their role and responsibility as our Nation's force in readiness. Our prepositioning programs will continue to enable operations across the Joint Operational continuum - including shaping, deterrence, seizing the initiative, domination, stabilization, and enabling civilian authorities. When combined with the forces and their equipment arriving in the fly-in echelon (FIE), prepositioning programs provide forward deployed equipment and supplies needed to sustain a MEB-sized MAGTF for 30 days of operations; thus reducing total strategic lift requirements. Operations Desert Shield/Desert Storm (Southwest Asia), Restore Hope (Somalia), and Iraqi Freedom have proven the value of our prepositioning programs. By prepositioning key warfighting equipment and supplies in support of forward presence, global reach, and crisis response, we have significantly reduced the time and strategic lift required to complete force closure of powerful and integrated warfighting capabilities for employment by Combatant Commanders. In turn, the successes and lessons learned from our past operations ultimately drive improvements for the future. Information in handbook provides an overview of our prepositioning programs.

Naval Operations Concept 2010 (NOC 10) describes when, where and how U.S. naval forces will contribute to enhancing security, preventing conflict and prevailing in war in order to guide Maritime Strategy implementation in a manner consistent with national strategy. NOC 10 describes the ways with which the sea services will achieve the ends articulated in A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower (CS-21). The integration of naval capabilities to achieve specific joint mission objectives is the responsibility of commanders, who formulate their concepts of operations to achieve advantage and decision. In contrast, Service operational concepts are designed to describe the capabilities that operational commanders can expect the Services to provide, and indicate selected ways these capabilities can be integrated to achieve mission success. Consequently, NOC 10 is designed to inform development of joint concepts, plans and experimentation. The term "naval" and "the Naval Service" are used throughout this publication to encompass Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard personnel and organizations. NOC 10 articulates the ways naval forces are employed to achieve the strategy conveyed in CS-21. Published in 2007, CS-21 described a set of core capabilities that added maritime security and humanitarian assistance and disaster response (HA/DR) to the traditional forward presence, deterrence, sea control, and power projection. Not to be viewed as discrete missions or functions, these core capabilities are intrinsically linked and mutually supporting enablers for achieving the Naval Service's strategic imperatives: Regionally concentrated, credible combat power to: Limit regional conflict with deployed, decisive maritime power, Deter major power war, Win our Nation's wars. Globally distributed, mission-tailored maritime forces to: Contribute to homeland defense in depth, Foster and sustain cooperative relationships with more international partners, Prevent or contain local disruptions before they impact the global System.

This official U.S. Marine Corps history provides detailed accounts of the Marshall Islands operation. This monograph represents a summary, supplemented by individual experiences drawn from the Personal Papers and Oral Histories Collections in the Marine Corps Historical Center in Washington, D.C.

This history of HMM-161, one of the oldest helicopter squadrons in the Marine Corps, is part of the Marine Corps History and Museums Division's effort to bring to light the achievements and contributions made by individual squadrons to Marine aviation.

Naval Aviation is a warfighting force. Its capabilities and capacity have been sharply honed and are fundamental to achieving the goals of the Defense Strategic Guidance, Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st-Century Defense. The fiscal landscape and emerging security environment are unstable and uncertain; balancing budgetary challenges and the need for national defense demand that Naval Aviation fulfill more global commitments while operating within tighter budget limitations. This document, guided by and aligned to The Vision for Naval Aviation 2025 and its pillars of capability superiority, wholeness, and maintaining capacity, provides our unified view of how Naval Aviation intends to meet the challenges ahead. We will do it through revolutionary changes in capabilities, retaining our aggregate and operational capacity, and by safely, effectively, and affordably executing our job of organizing, manning, training, and equipping fleet combat forces. Naval Aviation is a warfighting enterprise that continues to be the preeminent forward-deployed force ready to fulfill any mission assigned. Our aircraft carriers, amphibious assault ships, carrier air wings, aviation combat elements, and maritime patrol and reconnaissance forces maintain a combat-ready posture as an instrument of our nation's will. For the past century, Naval Aviation has been at the forefront of operational and tactical innovation. Consistent with The Vision for Naval Aviation 2025, we remain focused on systematically establishing an enduring, affordable, lethal, and adaptable approach to meet and shape strategic objectives. We will continue to operate forward with revolutionary Integrated and Interoperable capabilities designed to face future threats in an increasingly-contested operating environment. Our nation's demand for access, commerce, and maneuver will require us to continue to evolve capabilities and capacities to assure our nation's and Navy's global leadership from the sea. Naval Aviation is a major stakeholder in these operations, and will continue to play key roles in the rebalancing of our nation's global posture and presence to an emphasis on the Pacific and sustaining support for our partners in the Middle East. This vision for Naval Aviation aspires to ensure an affordable, powerful Navy that maintains our core competencies across the spectrum of military operations. Our Sailors and Marines embrace the privilege of this awesome responsibility with pride, determination, and enthusiasm.

In the coming year, Naval Aviation will reach its centennial. In those 100 years, Naval Aviation has grown from a marginal force fulfilling a niche role in the nation's military strategy, to the centerpiece combat force that is powerfully and uniquely well-suited to conduct expeditionary operations and lethal sea-based power projection. This transformation resulted when visionary men and women looked beyond the obvious realm of the possible and into the promise of the future. That over-the-horizon focal point continues today, ensuring that Naval Aviation's support of our defense and naval strategies is significant, relevant, and uninterrupted. The importance of Naval Aviation is founded on the Navy and Marine Corps partnership. From deployed Marine expeditionary units and aviation combat elements embarked aboard amphibious assault ships conducting expeditionary operations ashore, to Navy and Marine Corps fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft embarked aboard aircraft carriers streaming alongside surface combatants as part of carrier strike groups, Naval Aviation is ideally suited to carry out the national security strategy in any maritime conflict. On 8 May 1911, Captain Washington Irving Chambers, the officer in charge of aviation, requisitioned the Navy's first aircraft-an A-1 Triad-from aviator and inventor Glenn H. Curtis. This aircraft first flew on 1 July 1911. The following year, the first Marine Corps aviator reported for duty, launching Marine Corps Aviation. Nearly a century later, the Navy's newest aircraft, the P-8A Poseidon, flew for the first time on 25 April 2009. This book shares the vision of today's Naval Aviation leaders, extending the earliest plans for Naval Aviation from 1911 into the year 2032 and beyond. It underscores our focus on current readiness, the future capabilities and readiness necessary for the fleet of the future, and the people who form the cornerstone of all our successes. Naval Aviation is a warfighting force that is an integral part of the ability of the Navy, Marine Corps, and joint forces to deter or win regional conflicts and major power wars. Our aircraft carriers, amphibious assault ships, carrier air wings, aviation combat elements, and maritime patrol and reconnaissance forces maintain a combat-ready posture that is deployed forward as an instrument of our national power. We understand the importance of cooperative multinational relationships because no one nation has the resources required to guarantee the complete safety of the world's oceans and the airspace above them. Although our foremost responsibility is the projection of sea-based combat power, we also embrace the responsibility to provide humanitarian assistance and disaster relief throughout the world. Naval Aviation is a warfighting enterprise that will continue to develop, deliver, and sustain the aircraft, weapons, and systems our Sailors and Marines need to serve America in defense of freedom. We embrace the privilege of this awesome responsibility with pride, determination, and enthusiasm.

This publication traces the history of Marine Attack Squadron 323 from its commissioning in 1943 through warfare in the Pacific in World War II, three years of combat action in the Korean War, intensive involvement in Vietnam, and a number of significant peacetime accomplishments during the 1980s. The history was prepared from command diaries and chronologies, published works covering the major periods of conflict, and personal papers, letters, and the recollections of Mrines who were personally involved.

This historical monograph is one of a series of active duty and Reserve squadron histories. THis volume highlights the significant activities of Marine Fighter Atack Squadron 321 during its more than 40 years of active and Reserve service.

Marine Fight Attack Squadron 312, the Checkboard squadron, enjoys a fine reputation among Marine aviators. This volume, one of a series of brief histories on famous aviation squadrons, is offered as a tribute to the pilots and crewmen who have contributed so significantly to Marine aviation. The history of Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 312 is a narrative account of the famed Checkerboard squadron in action. VMFA-213 saw its first action in the skies over Okinawa during World War II, and later the squadron was used throughout the Koren conflict. The squadron was one of the first Marine squadrons in Vietnam.

The history of Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 232 is a narrative account of the "Red Devil" squadron in action since its beginning in 1925. This publication outlines in chronological oder the battles undertaken during World War II and Vietnam, and tells briefly of the pilots and crewmen and the hardships they endured to carry out their mission.

This focus of Marine Corps Martial Arts Program is the personal development of each Marine in a team framework using a standardized, trainable, and sustainable close combat fighting system.

This publication traces more than 40 years of active service by Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 115. Since its commissioning in July 1943 the squadron has evolved from a group of wartime beginners in SNJ-4 planes to front line professionals in their F/A-18 Hornets. The history provides an informative overview of the development and employment of this squadron over a span of nearly five decades. Data for the history was drawn principally from primary sources: command diaries and chronologies; muster rolls; published historical works; and recollections of the Marines involved.

In this publication the history of Marine Attack 311 is traced from its commissioning in December 1942 through three wars and several evolutions during which the unit made the transition from a fighting squadron flying propeller-driven planes to a modern attack squadron equipped with high-performance jet aircraft. The history was prepared principally from primary sources such as command diaries and chronologies, published historical works, and recollections of Marines involved.

This manual, "Airdrop of Supplies and Equipment: Rigging Containers (FM 4-20.103)," provides the latest approved doctrine for rigging airdrop containers. It is written for use by a parachute rigger or jumpmaster. Container loads are loads that are rigged for airdrop in airdrop containers such as the A-7A airdrop cargo sling assembly, the A-21 cargo bag assembly, and the A-22 cargo bag assembly. These containers are packed with supplies, disassembled equipment, or small items of ready-to-use equipment prepared for airdrop. Loads may be required to be cushioned with energy dissipating material (honeycomb), felt, or cellulose wadding depending on the load requirements and the method of airdrop. The number and types of parachutes required to stabilize the load and slow its descent depend on the type of container used, the weight of the load, and the type of airdrop. This manual consists of six parts. a. Part one contains general information for container loads and aircraft. b. Part two contains procedures for rigging A-7A container loads. c. Part three contains procedures for rigging A-21 container loads. d. Part four contains procedures for rigging A-22 container loads. e. Part five contains procedures for rigging low-cost aerial delivery systems. f. Part six contains procedures for rigging specialized loads and equipment.

This history is one of a series prepared by the Marine Corps History and Museums Division to bring to light the achievements of Marine Attack Squadron 223 while at the same time showing the growth and development of Marine aviation. Marine Attack Squadron 223 has a long and illustrious career of outstanding accomplishments and has produced some of the finest aviators in the history of the Marine Corps. This work sketches the achievements and personalities that have made VMA-223 such an outstanding Marine squadron.

U.S. strategic interests include global security; prosperity; broad respect for universal values; and an international order that promotes cooperative action. Naval expeditionary forces are at the forefront of our national responses to ongoing international conflicts; moreover, they play a vital role in advancing these strategic interests confronting irregular challenges to prevent potential future conflicts. These conflicts and irregular challenges are caused primarily by instability and insecurity, which constitute pervasive threats to the nation's interests. As articulated by our military's senior leadership, these threats, and the corresponding call for our military forces, specifically expeditionary forces, are expected to continue and will likely increase in the future. Naval Expeditionary Warfare Vision 2010 promotes an increased awareness of expeditionary programs and forces, and the way they are supporting the Maritime Strategy. This document continues the description of expanded naval expeditionary capabilities initiated in the 2008 Naval Expeditionary Warfare Plan. It includes Naval Special Warfare; Mine Warfare; Amphibious Warfare; Navy Expeditionary Combat; and Seabasing Integration programs for which the Navy's Expeditionary Warfare Division (N85) provides resource sponsorship and/or has current or future requirements oversight. While addressing programs supporting amphibious capabilities of the Navy - Marine Corps team, it also addresses a wide spectrum of expeditionary capabilities that are similarly important to our nation. This edition of the Naval Expeditionary Warfare Plan will follow the format of its predecessors; it will describe expeditionary warfare assets and programs, and their uses in current expeditionary operations worldwide. The objectives of this publication are to: Promote an increased awareness of current and future expeditionary warfare capabilities and to stimulate discussion amongst the target audience; Show how expeditionary forces support the Maritime Strategy and combatant commanders' (CCDRs') requirements by being forward deployed and rapidly deployable to influence events on a global scale; Describe expeditionary forces and recent expeditionary operations.

The purpose of this manual, "Airdrop of Supplies and Equipment: Rigging Airdrop Platforms," is to provide the latest approved procedures for rigging airdrop Platforms. This manual is written for use by the parachute rigger. It consists of 10 chapters. The procedures contained in this manual are typical and serve as the standard from which all platform rigging is derived. Due to the uniqueness of some equipment and items, the procedures in a specific rigging manual may be different from those in this manual. When procedures are different, those in the specific manual will be followed. When an item of equipment is specified to be used for which its minimum or maximum capacity is exceeded, a notice of exception will be printed at the beginning of each paragraph in each rigging manual where the exception is authorized. When an item of airdrop equipment is replaced or a procedure is changed, it will be impossible to change all manuals in the field at one time. Therefore, this manual will be changed, when necessary. Chapters 1 through 10 contain specific limitations and general information about the rigging of airdrop platform loads for low-velocity airdrop from US aircraft and also shows and tells how to prepare, attach, and safety tie some of the components and systems used in the specific rigging manuals of the FM 4-20.100/TO 13C7 series.

Marine Corps Reference Publication (MCRP) 6-12A, "Religious Ministry Team Handbook," guides commanders, chaplains, Religious Program Specialists (RPs), and lay leaders in providing religious ministry and effective command religious programs (CRPs). It builds on the operational religious ministry principles in Marine Corps Warfighting Publication (MCWP) 6-12, "Religious Ministry Support in the US Marine Corps," and lessons learned from chaplains who ministered in war and peace. MCRP 6-12A clarifies the tasks and functions of the religious ministry team (RMT). It is a ready access to the tools RMTs need to perform their duties in today's expeditionary forces. Religious ministry in the Marine Corps is a combination of technique, common sense, art, experience, and caring about Marines and their families in garrison while being operationally ready at all times in every clime and place.

An Exhibition of Art from the Marine Corps Museum

This book, one in a series devoted to U.S. Marines in the World War II era, is published for the education and training of Marines by the History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, Washington, D.C., as a part of the U.S. Department of Defense observance of the 50th anniversary of victory in that war.

The Marines in Vietnam, 1954 - 1973, an anthology and Annotated Bibliography, based on articles that appeared in the U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, Naval Review, and Marine Corps Gazette, has served well for 14 years as an interim reference on the Vietnam War. In 1974, events in Vietnam and the appearance of additional significant articles in the three periodicals have made both the anthology and bibliography somewhat dated. This expanded edition extends the coverage of the anthology to 1975 and the entries in the bibliography to 1984.

This manual, "Airdrop of Supplies and Equipment: Rigging High-Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicles (HMMWV) (FM 4-20.117)," tells and shows how to rig HMMWV-series trucks in the Army inventory at the time of publication for low-velocity parachute airdrop. Some specialized truck configurations and loads are included. The HMMWV-series trucks that can be rigged using the procedures in this manual include: M998 Cargo/Troop Carriers, M1038 Cargo/Troop Carriers With Winch, M1025 Armament Carriers, Armored, M1025A2 Armament Carrier (Modified), With Winch, M1026 Armament Carriers, Armored With Winch, M1026 Armament Carrier (Modified), M966 TOW Carriers, Armored, M1036 TOW Carrier, Armored With Winch, M1121 TOW Carrier, Armored, M1043 Armament Carriers, With Supplemental Armor, M1044 Armament Carriers, With Supplemental Armor and Winch, M1045 Armament Carriers, With Supplemental Armor, M1046 TOW Carriers, With Supplemental Armor and Winch, M1037 S250 Shelter Carrier, M1037 Cargo/Troop Carrier (Modified), With Winch, M1042 S250 Shelter Carrier, With Winch, M1097 Truck, Utility, Heavy Variant, M1113 Truck, Utility, Expanded Capacity, M1114 Armament Carrier, Expanded Capacity, Up-Armored, With Winch, M1151 Armament Carrier, Expanded Capacity.

This book reprints with the permission of the original publishers the article which won the 1982 Colonel Robert D. Heinl, Jr. Memorial Award in Marine Corps History and those which gained honorable mentions in the competition.

This manual, "Recovery and Battle Damage Assessment and Repair (FM 4-30.31)," provides the authoritative doctrine guidance on using recovery and repair assets on the battlefield. Practical methods of recovering or repairing equipment (disabled or immobilized) due to hazardous terrain, mechanical failure, or a hostile action are also addressed. Field manual (FM) 4-30.31 is directed toward both the leader and the technician. Tactically, it provides an overview of how recovery and battle damage assessment and repair (BDAR) assets are employed on the battlefield. Technically, it provides principles of resistance and mechanical applications to overcome them. Equipment, rigging techniques, and expedient repairs are summarized as a refresher for recovery-trained military personnel and as general guidance for others. The procedures and doctrine in this manual apply to both wartime operations and military operations other than war. Normally, BDAR should be used when and where standard maintenance practices are not practical because of the mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, civil considerations (METT-TC) or METT-T space and logistics (METT-TSL) for USMC. BDAR is not intended to replace standard maintenance practices but rather to supplement them under certain conditions. Standard maintenance procedures provide the best, most effective means of returning disabled equipment to the operational commander-provided adequate time, parts, and tools are available. High-risk battle damage repairs (involving possible danger to personnel or further damage to equipment) are only permitted in emergencies, normally in a battlefield environment, and only when authorized by the unit commander or his designated representative. The goal is to return a combat system to the battlefield in the least amount of time, while minimizing danger to personnel and equipment. BDAR techniques are not limited to simply restoring minimal functional combat capability. If full mission capability can be restored expediently with a limited expenditure of time and assets, it should be restored. This decision is based on METT-TC. Some BDAR techniques, if applied, may result in shortened lifespan or further damage to components. The commander must decide whether the risk of having one less piece of equipment outweighs the risk of applying a potentially destructive field-expedient repair. Each technique provides appropriate warnings and cautions, which list the system's limitations caused by the action. Personnel must use ground guides and extreme caution when operating recovery assets around or on an aircraft.

This book reprints the article which won the 1983 Colonel Robert D. Heinl, Jr. Memorial Award in Marine Corps History and those which gained honorable mention in the competition.

FM 90-3 /FM FM 7-27 is the Army's and Marine Corps' manual for desert operations. It is a key reference for commanders and staffs regarding how the desert affects personnel, equipment, and operations. It will assist them in planning and conducting combat operations in desert environments. The manual complies with the contents of NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG)/Quadripartite Standardization Agreement (QSTAG).

Naval forces are unique in their contribution to the nation's defense. Versatile naval expeditionary forces are the nation's first responders, relied upon to influence the course of a crisis, control the early phases of hostilities, and set the conditions for decisive resolution. America's ability to protect its homeland, assure our friends and allies, and deter potential adversaries depends on maritime supremacy and credible projection of combat power. The transformation of naval forces is dedicated to greatly expanding the sovereign options available worldwide to the President across the full spectrum of warfare. The result of our transformation will be a Navy-Marine Corps Team providing sustainable, immediately employable U.S. combat power, ready to meet any challenge. The Roadmap describes the key naval concepts, capabilities, initiatives, processes and programs that will guide the transformation efforts of the Navy-Marine Corps Team.

The Writing Guide of the Marine Corps History and Museums Division is intended primarily for use by historians and curators, both Marine and civilian, assigned to the Division and those others engaged in the preparation of officially sanctioned histories and exhibits. However, the Writing Guide can also be a useful reference for historians of Marine Corps history. Two basic source works have been consulted extensively in the preparation of the Writing Guide. In general, the current edition of the U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual has been used for guidance is such areas as capitalization, compounding, punctuation and the use of numerals, while Merriam Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary is used as the authority for spelling and word usage. The ultimate authority in such matters is Webster's Third New International Dictionary. In those relatively few instances where official Marine historical writing practices differ from these sources, this Writing Guide provides examples of the approved and generally long-established methodologies. This edition is a major revision of the last Writing Guide, which was published in October 1983. While most of the material in the previous edition is included in this iteration, it has been completely reorganized and numerous additions have been made. It is the intent of the Marine Corps that its official historical works be accurate, objective, academically reputable and readable by a general audience interested in the subject matter.