Bøger udgivet af Academic Studies Press

This book discusses psychological aspects of dehumanization and of the human tendency to dominate, control and potentially murder those considered "less than", or dangerous to the dominant group. It explores how increasingly severe dehumanization resulted in the genocide of six million Jews in the second World War.

This literary guide leads students with advanced knowledge of Russian as well as experienced scholars through the text of Nikolai Gogol's absurdist masterpiece "The Nose." Part I focuses on numerous instances of the writer's wordplay, which is meant to surprise and delight the reader, but which often is lost in English translations. It traces Gogol's descriptions of everyday life in St. Petersburg, familiar to the writer's contemporaries and fellow citizens but hidden from the modern Western reader. Part II presents an overview of major critical interpretations of the story in Gogol scholarship from the time of its publication to the present, as well as its connections to the works of Shostakovich, Kafka, Dalí, and Kharms.

This volume celebrates the literary oeuvres of David Shrayer-Petrov--poet, fiction writer, memoirist, essayist, and literary translator (and medical doctor and researcher in his parallel career). Author of the refusenik novel Doctor Levitin, Shrayer-Petrov is one of the most important representatives of Jewish-Russian literature. Published in the year of Shrayer-Petrov's eighty-fifth birthday, thirty-five years after the writer's emigration from the former USSR, this is the first volume to gather materials and investigations that examine his writings from various literary-historical and theoretical perspectives. By focusing on many different aspects of Shrayer-Petrov's multifaceted and eventful literary career, the volume brings together some of the leading American, European, Israeli and Russian scholars of Jewish poetics, exilic literature, and Russian and Soviet culture and history. In addition to fifteen essays and an extensive interview with Shrayer-Petrov, the volume features a detailed bibliography and a pictorial biography.

All Shook Up is the first full-length study to explore how the Soviet government and citizens responded to major disasters. Although traditional disaster studies focus on scientific aspects, All Shook Up looks at political repercussions and social opportunities that emerged after disasters. By juxtaposing the response to earthquakes in the Central Asian republics to nuclear catastrophe in Ukraine, Nigel Raab shows how Soviet citizens not only rebuilt devastated cities but also experimented with new values. After the Tashkent earthquake in 1966, architects experimented with Western design and youth underwent their own version of a sexual revolution. This study of Soviet disasters challenges stereotypical representations of the Soviet Union as a monolithic state.

Deviant Women, first examines the emergence of the discipline of criminology in early Soviet Russia, tracing the development of principles and theories--particularly that of female deviance--and highlighting the ways in which criminologists, a diverse cohort of jurists, doctors, sociologists, anthropologists, psychiatrists, statisticians, and forensic experts, conducted innovative social science research under the constraints of Bolshevik ideology. It then turns to criminologists' analyses of female crime, exploring their attitudes concerning sexuality, geography, and class. Concluding with a close study of infanticide, the most "typical" crime committed by women, Deviant Women discusses the social attitudes revealed through the professional discussions of this crime. Throughout, Kowalsky focuses on the position of women in early Soviet society, revealing criminologists' understandings of female crime and how their attitudes helped shape the development of social and behavioral norms in revolutionary Russia.

"Dew on the Grass": The Poetics of Inbetweenness in Chekhov is the first comprehensive and systematic study to focus on the poetic dimensions of Anton Chekhov's prose and drama. Using the concept of "inbetweenness," this book reconceptualizes the central aspects of Chekhov's style, from his use of language to the origins of his artistic worldview. Radislav Lapushin offers a fresh interpretive framework for the analysis of Chekhov's individual works and his ¿uvre as a whole.

The volume combines a narrative of events from 1914-1918 with an overarching argument about the relationship between state failure, social collapse, and decolonization. Imperial Apocalypse provides a readable account of military activity and political change throughout this turbulent period. It argues that the sudden rise of groups seeking national self-determination in the borderlands of the empire was the consequence of state failure, not its cause. At the same time, we see how the destruction of state institutions and the spread of violence led to a collapse of traditional social bonds and the emergence of a more dangerous and militant political atmosphere.

In this richly researched and highly original study, Alexander M. Martin explores conservatism in Russian thought, politics, and culture during the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Tracing the indigenous and foreign origins of conservative ideology through a wide range of sources, he shows how the Russians reacted to threats posed by the egalitarianism of the French Revolution and how this reaction shaped state policy and national consciousness. Romantics, Reformers, Reactionaries is the first in-depth probe of the origins of Russian conservatism. It will appeal not only to Russian historian but to all readers concerned with political culture and the history of conservative thought.

In early modern Europe, thousands of women were burned as witches during the period of the witch hunts. From the court records of seventeenth-century Russia a very different picture emerges. The great majority of those accused of witchcraft were men. Broadly comparative, Desperate Magic by Valerie Kivelson is the first sustained study of seventeenth-century Russian witch trials. The book uses trial evidence to illuminate some of the central puzzles of Muscovite history. The routine use of torture in extracting and shaping confessions raises methodological and moral questions with continuing resonance in the world today. A major finding of this book is that witchcraft was not a marginal practice in early modern Russia. It was practiced by all ranks of society, from serf to tsaritsa at the same time that it was severely condemned and punished. Testimony from these cases lets us see into the emotional lives of illiterate women and men of the Russian past. This analysis shows how the State and relations of power were inscribed into everyday practices, and magic was used as a defense by ordinary people scrambling to survive in a fiercely inequitable world.

The metaphor of an "archipelago" in the Solzhenitsyn's magnum opus was intended to bridge the veil of silence that surrounded the camp system, much like water surrounds enclaves of land. Since then, this deeply influential metaphor has prompted historians and readers alike to think about the GULAG as network of island-camps separated from the rest of the Soviet Union. This book brings together leading international researchers on the history of the GULAG from Russia, Europe, and North America who are advancing both new archival and conceptual findings. Perhaps the book's most unique and suggestive contribution is to consider the GULAG in the context of other camps and systems of internment. Chapters are devoted to the British concentration camps in Africa and India, the tsarist-era exile system in Siberia, Chinese and North Korean reeducation camps, the post-Soviet penal system in the Russian Federation, and the infamous camp system of Nazi Germany. This not only reveals close relatives, antecedents, and descendants of the Soviet GULAG-it sheds light on a frighteningly widespread feature of modernost'.

This study investigates the close correlation between politics and mainstream cinema vividly evidenced in Russian and American screen images of the former Cold War enemy from 1990 to 2005. Whereas glasnost and the demise of the Soviet Union ushered in a period of official cooperation that soon inflated into rhetorical declarations of partnership, the fifteen years under examination saw the gradual deterioration of relations after the initial euphoria, culminating in a partial resumption of mutual Cold War recriminations.

On April 22, 1823, a three-year-old boy named Fedor finished his lunch and went to play outside. Fedor never returned home from his walk. Several days later, a neighbor found his mutilated body drained of blood and repeatedly pierced. In small market towns, where houses were clustered together, residents knew each other on intimate terms, and people gossiped in taverns, courtyards, and streets, even the most trivial bits of news spread like wildfire. It did not take long before rumors emerged that Jews had murdered the little boy. The Velizh Affair reconstructs the lives of Jews and their Christian neighbors caught up in the aftermath of this chilling criminal act. The investigation into Fedor's death resulted in the charging of forty-three Jews with ritual murder, the theft and desecration of church property, and the forcible conversion of three town residents. Drawing on an astonishing number of newly discovered trial records, historian Evgeny Avrutin explores not only the multiple factors that caused fear and conflict in everyday life but also the social and cultural worlds of a multi-ethnic population that had coexisted for hundreds of years. This beautifully crafted book provides an intimate glimpse into small-town life. The case unfolded in a town like any other town in the Russian Empire where lives were closely interwoven, where rivalries and confrontations were part of day-to-day existence, and where the blood libel was part of a well-established belief system.

When Fyodor Dostoevsky proclaims that he is a "realist in a higher sense," it is because the facts are irrelevant to his truth. And it is in this spirit that Apollonio approaches Dostoevsky's work, reading through the facts--the text--of his canonical novels for the deeper truth that they distort, mask, and, ultimately, disclose. This sort of reading against the grain is, Apollonio suggests, precisely what these works, with their emphasis on the hidden and the private and their narrative reliance on secrecy and slander, demand. In each work Apollonio focuses on one character or theme caught in the compromising, self-serving, or distorting narrative lens. Who, she asks, really exploits whom in "Poor Folk"? Does "White Nights" ever escape the dream state? What is actually lost--and what is won--in "The Gambler"? Is Svidrigailov, of such ill repute in "Crime and Punishment", in fact an exemplar of generosity and truth? Who, in "Demons," is truly demonic? Here we see how Dostoevsky has crafted his novels to help us see these distorting filters and develop the critical skills to resist their unaesthetic effect. Apollonio's readings show how Dostoevsky's paradoxes counter and usurp our comfortable assumptions about the way the world is and offer access to a deeper, immanent essence. His works gain power when we read beyond the primitive logic of external appearances and recognize the deeper life of the text.

This subject of this memoir is why and how history and communism combined to animate and shape the life of a New York-born, Jewish American whose father joined the Communist Party of the United States in 1939. It spans three continents and roughly half a century dominated by the ideologies at the heart of the Cold War. It recreates journeys of discovery and self-discovery, first as an undergraduate at Columbia University, then a graduate student at Oxford, and then in Soviet archives, the coalfields of eastern Ukraine, and newly independent Uzbekistan. The memoir reveals not only fascination with but also affection for the Soviet people as they contended with actually existing communism and its supersession.

In Nabokov and Indeterminacy, Priscilla Meyer shows how Vladimir Nabokov's early novel The Real Life of Sebastian Knight illuminates his later work. Is there life after death? Can we attain any knowledge about the otherworld? Nabokov explores this question through his personal tragedy of having to become an English-language novelist after writing nine novels in Russian. Through connections to English-language writers such as Nathanael Hawthorne, Henry James, William James and many others, Nabokov's ghost story of the half-brothers Sebastian and V. approaches the brink from which the unknowable can be dimly glimpsed. The novel's ambiguous conclusion demands a rereading, which leads to an ever-deepening approach to the unknowable, using methods Nabokov later deploys in Lolita and Pale Fire. The reader can never get back to the same beginning, never attain a conclusion, and instead becomes an adept of Nabokov's quest. Meyer emphasizes that, unlike much postmodern fiction, the contradictions created by Nabokov's multiple paths do not imply that existence is constructed arbitrarily of pre-existing fragments, but rather that these fragments lead to an ever-deepening approach to the unknowable.

Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russians have confronted a major crisis of identity. Soviet ideology rested on a belief in historical progress, but the post-Soviet imagination has obsessed over territory. Indeed, geographical metaphors--whether axes of north vs. south or geopolitical images of center, periphery, and border--have become the signs of a different sense of self and the signposts of a new debate about Russian identity. In Russia on the Edge, Edith W. Clowes argues that refurbished geographical metaphors and imagined geographies provide a useful perspective for examining post-Soviet debates about what it means to be Russian today. Clowes lays out several sides of the debate. She takes as a backdrop the strong criticism of Soviet Moscow and its self-image as uncontested global hub by major contemporary writers, among them Tatyana Tolstaya and Viktor Pelevin. The most vocal, visible, and colorful rightist ideologue, Aleksandr Dugin, the founder of neo-Eurasianism, has articulated positions contested by such writers and thinkers as Mikhail Ryklin, Liudmila Ulitskaia, and Anna Politkovskaia, whose works call for a new civility in a genuinely pluralistic Russia. Dugin's extreme views and their many responses--in fiction, film, philosophy, and documentary journalism--form the body of this book.

The idea of abolishing death was one of the most influential myth-making concepts expressed in Russian literature from 1900 to 1930. In this book Dr. Masing-Delic finds the seeds of this extraordinary concept in the erosion of traditional religion in late-nineteenth-century Russia. Influenced by the new power of scientific inquiry, humankind appropriated various divine attributes one after the other, including omnipotence and omniscience, but eventually even aiming toward the realization of individual, physical immortality, and thus aspiring to equality with God. This aspiration, expressed in the ideas of Vladimir Soloviev, Nikolai Fedorov and in the renewed concepts of Gnosticism, brought such different writers as Maxim Gorky, Alexander Blok, Fedor Sologub, Nikolai Ognev and Nikolai Zabolotsky together in a single space of the myth of the final victory over death.

Economies of Feeling offers new explanations for the fantastical plots of mad or blocked ambition that set the nineteenth-century Russian prose tradition in motion. Jillian Porter compares the conceptual history of social ambition in post-Napoleonic France and post-Decembrist Russia and argues that the dissonance between foreign and domestic understandings of this economic passion shaped the literature of Nicholas I's reign (1825 --1855). Porter shows how, for Pushkin, Gogol, Dostoevsky, and Faddei Bulgarin, ambition became a staging ground for experiments with transnational literary exchange. In its encounters with the celebrated Russian cultural value of hospitality and the age-old vice of miserliness, ambition appears both timely and anachronistic, suspiciously foreign and disturbingly Russian--it challenges readers to question the equivalence of local and imported words, feelings, and forms. Economies of Feeling examines founding texts of nineteenth-century Russian prose alongside nonliterary materials from which they drew energy--from French clinical diagnoses of "ambitious monomania" to the various types of currency that proliferated under Nicholas I. It thus contributes fresh and fascinating insights into Russian characters' impulses to attain rank and to squander, counterfeit, and hoard. Porter's interdisciplinary approach will appeal to scholars of comparative as well as Russian literature.

After Evgeny Zamiatin emigrated from the USSR in 1931, he was systematically airbrushed out of Soviet literary history, despite the central role he had played in the cultural life of Russia's northern capital for nearly twenty years. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, his writings have gradually been rediscovered in Russia, but with his archives scattered between Russia, France, and the USA, the project of reconstructing the story of his life has been a complex task. This book, the first full biography of Zamiatin in any language, draws upon his extensive correspondence and other documents in order to provide an account of his life which explores his intimate preoccupations, as well as uncovering the political and cultural background to many of his works. It reveals a man of strong will and high principles, who negotiated the political dilemmas of his day with great shrewdness.

The diversity of topics under consideration--such as the culture of dance in Eugene Onegin, the seriality of Dostoevsky's novels, the reader's perception of Anna Karenina--are united by an approach defined by a detailed analysis of the texts combined with a study of the sociocultural context in which these great works were created, published, censored and conceptualized.

The book examines the trial of Mendel Beilis, a Jewish manager of a brick factory in Kyiv, who was arrested in 1911 for the ritual murder (popularly known as blood libel) of Andrei Iushchinskii, a Christian teenager. Beilis languished in jail for over two years as government officials conspired to frame him. By the time a jury exonerated Beilis in 1913, his trial had become a cause célèbre around the world. Weinberg has assembled a set of documents taken from the trial transcript, government reports, and newspapers that lays bare the government conspiracy and reveals the likely murderers. The book illuminates the nature of official and popular antisemitism in tsarist Russia on the eve of World War I.

A hundred years is the period long enough to talk about Russian-Israeli literature as a historically consistent, though quite an indeterminate community. Not being a historical study, Roman Katsman's new book subtly outlines one of the magnetic lines of this community--the search for an answer to the main question of modernity--"what is reality?", as well as the search for the real, which makes the core of the Jewish existence. Today, just like a hundred years ago, the success of this search depends on how well Russian-Israeli literature can overcome fears and temptations of the Russian melancholy and the Israeli marginality. Fighting for its existence in unique conditions, it chooses sophisticated forms of transforming its double cultural unbelonging into the paradoxical philosophical realism that can be perfectly comprehended only today, with the benefits of postmodernism appropriated and left behind. At the same time, despite its peculiar nature, Russian-Israeli literature shares the fundamental trend of the world literature, namely its transition to virtual, web-based, augmented reality.

The volume contains essays and reviews written over thirty years, linked loosely by three themes. First is the global resonance of Mikhail Bakhtin as moral philosopher, theorist of dialogue, and cultural totem. How does his worldview complement that of his friendly rivals the formalists (and later semioticians), and which aspects of his value-system have been most cogently criticized? Second is an application of Bakhtinian principles of transposition to successive musicalized Russian classics (among them Pushkin's and Meyerhold's Boris Godunov, Tchaikovsky's and Prokofiev's Eugene Onegin, Prokofiev's War and Peace, Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk District, Pushkin's and Dargomyzhsky's Rusalka). A final theme is the creative--or capricious--reading of one literary master by another master, much later in time: Tolstoy's reading of Shakespeare, Nabokov's reading of Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, Krzhizhanovsky's reading of Shakespeare and Bernard Shaw. Great writers, like great composers, absorb and transform earlier greatness into a new synthesis, and it is this activity that is commemorated in this volume.

In The Depths of Russia, Yale anthropologist and historian Douglas Rogers tells the history of Russian oil from the perspective of the Perm region of the Urals. From the discovery of world's first socialist oil in 1929 to the oil-fueled social and cultural politics of the 2000s, he shows how Permian oil illuminates the place of oil in the modern world in new ways. Rogers pays particular attention to the nature of oil as a material substance and to its role in the formation and interaction of states and corporations in socialist and capitalist contexts. The book is based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, interviews, and archival research in the Perm region.

Studies of Eastern European literature have largely confined themselves to a single language, culture, or nationality. In this highly original book, Glaser shows how writers working in Russian, Ukrainian, and Yiddish during much of the nineteenth century and the early part of the twentieth century were in intense conversation with one another. The marketplace was both the literal locale at which members of these different societies and cultures interacted with one another and a rich subject for representation in their art. It is commonplace to note the influence of Gogol on Russian literature, but Glaser shows him to have been a profound influence on Ukrainian and Yiddish literature as well. And she shows how Gogol must be understood not only within the context of his adopted city of St. Petersburg but also that of his native Ukraine. As Ukrainian and Yiddish literatures developed over this period, they were shaped by their geographical and cultural position on the margins of the Russian Empire. As distinctive as these writers may seem from one another, they are further illuminated by an appreciation of their common relationship to Russia. Glaser's book paints a far more complicated portrait than scholars have traditionally allowed of Jewish (particularly Yiddish) literature in the context of Eastern European and Russian culture.

The essays in this book explore the myriad ways in which forests figure in nineteenth century Russian culture. Associated with national identity and religious tradition, with peasant lifeways and generations of rebels, Russia's forests in the nineteenth century also became cause for increasing scientific attention and environmental concern, as landowners, agronomists and public officials came to understand the rapaciousness with which these iconic woodlands were being cut down. Jane Costlow's study explores the intersections of scientific thought and artistic imagination, constructions of identity and articulations of an ecological ethic. Individual chapters treat the work of Turgenev, Mel'nikov-Pechersky, Korolenko and Nesterov, with additional consideration of a rich array of figures, from Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and Repin to the naturalist Dmitrii Kaigorodov and the foresters of the St. Petersburg Forest Academy. Heart-Pine Russia won the 2014 USC Award for Best Book in Literary and Cultural Studies.

In the third volume of his studies in Russian-language Israeli literature (the first two were Nostalgia for a Foreign Land, 2016, and Elusive Reality, 2020), Roman Katsman discusses its fundamental mythologems, while suggesting a new approach to myth-creation. This is a book about how literature preserves its significance by addressing the main questions of our time through the imagination of miraculous encounter and everyday holiness, catastrophe and salvation, victim and foundation, cities and empires. The book dwells on the most famous as well as the less known but no less bright novelists: Efraim Bauch, Alexander Goldshtein, Linor Goralik, Daniel Kluger, Leonid Levinson, Anna Likhtikman, Elena Makarova, Elizaveta Mikhailichenko and Yury Nesis, Victoria Reicher, Dina Rubina, Yakov Shechter, Nekoda Singer, Dennis Sobolev, Alex Tarn, Yakov Tsigelman, Naum Vaiman, and Mikhail Yudson. This book is for everyone who is interested in modern Russian and Israeli literature and culture, theoretical problems of modern literature, mythopoesis, issues of Russian and Jewish emigration and mobility, the history of twentieth century literature, and literary processes in the twenty-first century

In Russia and America a perceived absence of literature gave rise to grandiose notions of literature's importance. This book examines how two traditions worked to refigure cultural lack, not by disputing it but by insisting on it, by representing the nation's (putative) cultural deficit as a moral and aesthetic advantage. Through a comparative study of Gogol and Hawthorne, this book examines parallels that seem particularly striking when we consider that these traditions had virtually no points of contact. Yet the unexpected parallels between these authors are the result of historical similarities: Russians and Americans felt obliged to develop a manifestly national literature ex nihilo, and to do so in an age when an unprecedented diversity of printed texts were circulating among an ever more heterogeneous reading public. Responding to these conditions, Gogol and Hawthorne articulated ideas that would prove influential for their nations' literary development: that is, despite the culture's thinness and deviation from European norms, it would soon produce works that would surpass European literature in significance.

The brothers Arkady and Boris Strugatsky have been Russia's most popular science fiction writers since their first publication appeared in 1959. The enormous and consistent popularity of their works over three decades of fluctuating political and literary conditions is all the more interesting when one considers that their primary readership has been the Russian scientific-technical intelligentsia-a sector of society whose values and attitudes were instrumental in transforming the Soviet Union. This lively and original study of the Strugatskys' development as writers and as spokesmen for a generation of Russian scientists is as timely as it is unique. It is also the first English language study of the Strugatskys' previously unpublished novels.