Bøger udgivet af Academica Press

Studies the Kashmir Valley, one of the most complex situations in international politics, from the perspective of human security. This study moves our understanding of Kashmir to a grassroots level, and assesses the challenges posed by intensive militarisation to the ability (or inability) to lead a life as one wishes.

Examines an enduring problem prevailing on an international scale, gathering results from qualitative research including questionnaires and interviews to gain an understanding of how honour killings are perceived and maintained in social, legal, moral, and religious spheres.

An authoritative first-hand account of the Russo-Chechen conflict by a Chechen leader who played a central role in all the main events, providing a historical survey of the fraught relations between the Chechens and the Russian Empire and Soviet Union, up to the collapse of the USSR.

Examines the life of Edward Alleyn, the sixteenth century stage actor who, among a multitude of lead roles, performed as Tamburlaine, Dr Faustus, and Barabas in the work of Christopher Marlowe, and who was praised by Queen Elizabeth I herself.

Makes an eye-opening global exploration of human organisation in a tumultuous world. It suggests needed innovation for America's educational system, dissects the evolution of political and economic systems up to modern times as influenced by the world's diversity of cultures and religions, and projects these challenging processes of change into a turbulent twenty-first century.

Records the experiences of female victims of the armed conflict in Nepal between 1996-2006, shows how the conflict exacerbated the prevailing gender inequality suffered by women, and presents the social history of women whose traumatic experiences are often shadowed by the larger picture of the war.

Explores the place of cybersecurity within the larger international debate on security issues, arguing that it is important to begin placing cybersecurity in the context of national security matters, since the issues are most often relegated to technology debates.

Explores the fascinating history of the author's forbearers in this comprehensive study, from the Elizabethan conquest of Ireland in the early 1600s through to his family line's relative extinction in the nineteenth century.

Explores the concept of "Art-Religion" through an analysis of the socio-historical context that formed its creation, its consideration by eminent figures such as Friedrich Nietzsche, its implications upon the art spectator, and its relationship to the First World War.

Questions the legality of the detentions at Guantanamo Bay, emphasizing that Guantanamo is a legal detention camp and evaluates the rights that its detainees have under international humanitarian and human rights law. The text's main objective is to analyse the status of the detainees: can they be classified as prisoners of war or unlawful combatants, as labelled by the US government?

Advances in Computer Application and Signal Processing addresses academicians and professional researchers who are innovating ideas that help not only human beings but enlighten the entire universe as well. As researchers developing new ideas in such varied areas as engineering, medicine, and biotechnology, new ideas represent continuity from old research by other researchers. Advances in Computer Application and Signal Processing is a book that covers a broad range of cutting edge research done by specialists in various fields. It is our belief that, as ever, scientists, lecturers, scholars, craftsmen, and students are under one academic roof with us, in this volume to be published by Academica Press. Beyond question, this collection of articles will add to existing computer knowledge and technology as well as to the field of Information Technology generally. This added value caps a wide scope ranging from software engineering to e-commerce, from telecommunication to e-learning, and from modern management to globalization. Merger of these areas will lead to an integrated and pioneering approach in the fields of science and technology. Our intention is that this collection will bridge the gap between industry and education and minimize the existing overlaps among the research presented. On the other hand, cooperation among experts and scholars will provide a strong link among individuals and organizations at various fields.

A History of the Orthodox Church in Hawaii recounts the many attempts to establish an Orthodox religious community in the Hawaiian islands. Today, both the Greek Orthodox and Russian Orthodox churches in Honolulu are well established, and the Orthodox Church in America (OCA) has recently established mission was established on the Big Island of Hawaii.

In Explaining Wars of Choice, John Callahan answers a series of questions related to National Security Decision Making. The decision making process itself is examined, looking at the methods and mindsets of American presidencies from the Cold War through the Obama administration. In addition, Explaining Wars of Choice studies the manner in which each administration considered and executed plans to raise public support for its decisions.Using the examples of America's armed humanitarian interventions, including Somalia, Kosovo, and Libya, the work focuses on the processes by which the intervention decisions were undertaken. The personalities of each administration, the operation of organizations such as the National Security Council, and the role of outside national and international actors are addressed.On the way to answering questions about foreign policy, other issues are uncovered. Humanitarian policies such as Responsibility to Protect and the role of sovereignty and human security come to light. Communication issues such as the role of strategic communications and the rise of social media are shown to effect decision making. Theories of intervention, such as the concept of "Wars of Choice," and their effect on national security processes are revealed.

The Second World War was to Alaska what the First World War had been to the nation. The essential reality of Alaska's experience during World War II was the end of its isolation from the continental United States. As a consequence of the war, Alaska's territorial era entered its twilight years, eclipsed by the dawn of statehood nineteen years later and driven largely by military imperatives. A further legacy was Alaska's inevitably significant role in the militarization of the Arctic, a strategic watershed that emerged in the postwar confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. The conjunction was fortuitous as it enhanced Alaska's strategic importance in national defense. Indeed, Alaska was in the estimation of one military authority America's "Gibraltar of the North."While the presence of the armed services in Alaska continued to decline as the war's strategic focus shifted south, worsening relations with the Soviet Union by 1945-46 caused growing alarm in Washington. Perceptions of hardening Soviet intransigence and more strident demands in Europe and elsewhere provoked concerns about postwar American-Soviet relations. Given these perceptions, it was obvious that zones of confrontation and potential conflict emerged everywhere America-Soviet interests and ambitions clashed and that this might be especially serious where the two superpowers came closest to each other territorially. Here, "a kind of watery...invisible...Berlin Wall" demarcated the "free world" from the communist bloc...an "ice curtain" every bit as real as the barrier Winston Churchill so vividly described in his famous "iron curtain" speech.Within a few years a vast defense perimeter ran from extreme northwestern Alaska, through Attu and the Aleutian islands, Paramushiru in the Kuriles, the Bonin Islands, to the Philippines, and thence eastward to the Pacific coast of South America.Abruptly Alaska was elevated anew to geographic and strategic stature, and it now seemed unlikely that the territory could ever again be left defenseless. Thereafter with advent of the Great Circle Route over the pole, Alaska's military relevance increased steadily and assumed even greater importance during the postwar decades. This reflected changing military relationships, advances in military technology, and revised strategic doctrines. As United States-Soviet relations became increasingly abrasive, voices in Congress were again heard calling for Alaska's re-militarization.

The most significant military development to touch Alaska during the interwar years was the advent of air power, an innovation that completely altered Alaska's strategic position. Suddenly the world became smaller as areas once thought safely distant from potential enemies became vulnerable. Nowhere was this more evident than in the Pacific, whose countless islands became potential advanced air bases. As air technology improved, the ability of long-range bombers and, by the 1930s, of carrier aircraft, to penetrate American airspace was a development of far reaching significance. While such warnings were largely limited to a handful of air-power advocates their vocal advocacy constituted nothing less than an "insurrection", a revolution in military thinking fought against entrenched military conservatism, cultural aversion to change, fears of budget cuts, and War Department lethargy.Indeed it was the air power crusader General Billy Mitchell who aggressively fought to convince the War and Navy Departments to embrace the new doctrine of offensive air power. Mitchell came to understand Alaska's strategic importance early on. Consequently, he saw the Aleutians as a vulnerability: if left unguarded Japan could "creep up" and, by establishing air dominance, take Alaska and Canada's West Coast. But he also saw Alaska as a strategic base from which American planes could "reduce Tokyo to powder." Prophetically, in 1923 Mitchell forecast precisely the military threat and strategic arguments that would shape military thinking almost twenty years later: "I am thinking of Alaska. In an air war, if we were unprepared Japan could take it away from us, first by dominating the sky and creeping up the Aleutians."By the mid-to late 1930s military and civilian advocates of air power and more visionary strategists were beginning to make their voices heard in Congress and elsewhere, decrying Alaska's military vulnerability. Between 1933 and 1944 no one was more adamant than Alaska's Delegate in Congress, Anthony Joseph "Tony" Dimond, who challenged the nation to defend itself by defending Alaska. To Dimond, it seemed poor strategy to fortify one pacific base, Hawaii, while ignoring another, Alaska. Dimond's campaign was strengthened by passage of the Wilcox Bill, sponsored by Representative J. Mark Wilcox (D-Florida), officially known as the National Air Defense Act. This truly significant legislation authorized the location and construction of military airfields throughout the United States as a general defense preparedness measure. Alaska was recognized as one of the nation's six strategic regions, and two bases, one at Anchorage, the other at Fairbanks, were recommended in part, "because Alaska was closer to Japan than it is to the center of [the] continental United States."Fortuitously for Alaska defense advocates, General Douglas MacArthur stepped down as Chief of Staff of the Army and was replaced by Major General Malin Craig in October 1935. Craig and Brigadier General Stanley D. Embick advocated a substantial reconfiguration of Plan Orange arguing that the Philippines presented an invitation to attack and should be "neutralized" in favor defending the "Alaska-Hawaii-Panama Triangle." Both the Army and Navy were charged with defending Alaska as far west as Dutch Harbor, and the army pledged to mobilize 6,600 troops in Alaska within a month of attack by Japan. In contemplating the defense of Alaska the Army General Staff formulated five priority objectives: first, increase the Alaska garrison; second, establish a major base for Army operations near Anchorage; third, develop a network of air bases within Alaska; fourth, garrison these bases with combat troops; and fifth, protect the naval installations at Sitka, Kodiak, and Dutch Harbor. Alaska was about to go to war.

The memoir of Julius Kuplan, an American lawyer whose work and founding of a premier international law firm did much to shape the modern legal and commercial world. Examples of his career, including his work to help secure financing for Israel to develop its desalinisation industry, are explored in this memoir, making this book one of the most exciting reads in the field.

Explores images of Venice in the written and visual art of the multi-talented American writer, painter, lecturer, and engineer Francis Hopkinson Smith (1838-1915). This is the first scholarly work to examine the life and work of this unique American artist, whose legacy spans two centuries and was grounded in the enduringly popular fin-de-siecle.

Offers a comparative reading of Mary Elizabeth Braddon's The Doctor's Wife (1864) with its source text, Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary (1857). The study argues that the geotheories prevalent in England and France at the time each of the respective novels was written offer compelling reasons to understand why the two novels diverge so dramatically.

The Keys to Freedom is the most methodical elaboration of Tolstoy's entire religious philosophical system, particularly his ideas on metaphysics, pacifism, and anarchy. In this second volume the reader will find not only a wealth of wisdom, but also the keys to a better understanding of the author's great works of fiction.

This ground breaking study is the first biography in any language of the Russian industrialist, entrepreneur, and political leader Nikolai Fedorovich von Ditmar (1865-1919). Von Ditmar's life presents a kaleidoscopic view of Russia at a time of immense transition and transformation.

In this engaging study, Sean Illing examines the impact of Fyodor Dostoevsky and Friedrich Nietzsche on the development of Albert Camus's political philosophy, and innovatively attempts to offer a substantive examination of Camus's dialogue with Nietzsche and Dostoevsky.

This uncanny volume is the memoir of Jay Kaplan, an extraordinary American lawyer with a unique ability intuitively to understand and respond positively to the needs of his clients regardless of ethnicity or religion. How else could he represent India and Pakistan, as well as Iran and Israel, all at the same time, while maintaining ideal personal and professional relations with each side? The author, at the beginning of this career, was virtually adopted by the wealthy Persian ("Parsi") business community of India and Pakistan, one of the few Zoroastrian societies still in existence. Kaplan spent a long career engendering trust and confidence, necessary tools for winning otherwise unwinnable cases. The author is moreover an inveterate traveler, indeed an explorer, who goes wherever important evidence to prove his case can be found.Jay Kaplan's work and building of a premier Washington and international law firm brought great long-term rewards for his client sovereign clients and did much to shape the modern legal and commercial world. To offer only a few examples from this exceptional memoir of career and commitment, the author played a major role in securing the financing for Israel to develop its desalination industry, which today supplies 40% of the water consumed in that country. When diplomatic relations with Taiwan were suddenly cut by the United States, causing the spirit of the people to plummet and its economy to suffer badly, the author brought Barry Goldwater, a hero to the Taiwanese, to Taiwan and together with the author's partner in his Taipei office, took such legal steps as were necessary to lift the spirits of the people and their economy. Today Taiwan prospers. Again for Israel, to bolster that nation's vital trade with the United States, the author cameup with the first Free Trade Area Agreement ever entered into by the United States with any nation. As a result trade flourished between the United States and Israel, and continues to flourish. With boundless enthusiasm, the author simply refused to limit his and his clients' aspirations.In short, Jay Kaplan has long been a living force in the world of international law, and wonderful stories were born of his worldwide activities. They make this book, a collection of such stories, one of the most exciting reads in the field."Jay Kaplan's lively book recounts the international achievements of an exceptionally inventive lawyer. It is written with the vitality of its accomplished author. Reading it is an instructive pleasure."- Stephen M. Schwebel, Former Vice President, International Court of Justice"My friend Jay Kaplan has written a wonderful book. An outstanding law student, Jay turned his genius for life and the law into assembling a cast of characters and cases that Clarence Darrow or Louis Brandeis might envy."- Don Wallace, Jr., Chairman, International Law Institute, GeorgetownUniversity

Contributes to health literature by calculating the costs and benefits of kidney transplantation. Although there is a system, there is also a system failure. Current systems are insufficient in terms of reducing prolonged waiting lists; therefore, this book proposes an alternative system that would help increase kidney donations and transplantations.

On October 1, 1960, Nigeria gained her independence from the British colonial rule. On July 6, 1967, the country was engulfed in a civil war fought between the Federal Military Government of Nigeria, led by Major-General Yakubu Gowon, and the defunct Republic of Biafra, led by Lieutenant-Colonel Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu. As the former colonial power, and Nigeria's closet partner in the Commonwealth and, indeed, in the Western world, the outbreak of the war in 1967 presented Britain with a painful dilemma. Throughout the war, Britain desired to help promote peaceful negotiation of the conflict in a way that allowed her still to maintain strong influence with the Nigerian government. The British government tried to keep close contact with both sides in an effort to bring them together. This book interrogates how the British officialdom attempted to promote atmosphere of peace during the Nigerian civil war and how such attempts failed to yield concrete result. The British-backed peace initiatives experienced a backlash owing to the massive pressures mounted against her military support to the Nigerian government. While seeking the earliest possible peaceful solution to the war, the British government believed that it must in its own interest maintain close relationship with the Nigerian government so long as it has a reasonable prospect of bringing the war to a successful conclusion or risk jeopardizing its interests in Nigeria in jeopardy. While much work on the Nigerian civil war has treated the major causes of the war and even added some global perspectives to it, this book is the first of its kind that studies British diplomatic involvement in the war. Its main targets are students of diplomatic history, diplomats, professional researchers and the general public.

Recounts the thrilling tale of America's first spy drama - the legendary Frank Wisner's intelligence operations in Romania as World War II ended and the Cold War dawned. Painstakingly reconstructed with the aid of specialised literature and archival collections, the story that emerges is one of danger and stealth, a real-life spy thriller unfolding just as the Cold War began.

In the mid-20th century, Korea was dubbed the last custodian of Confucianism, but it is now very hard to call the country a truly Confucian society. This volume explores how some five decades of industrialization and modernization could ineluctably change the nation so fundamentally that their repercussions now sharply negate many basic principles of Confucianism in one way to another.

Our world is the product of many changes. Evolutionary processes of matter and energy have altered the natural environment. Revolutionary changes created by humans have alienated man from nature and changed the relationship between them in fundamental ways. These processes, led by urbanization and industrialization, have also eroded natural resources, polluted the air, land, and water, reduced biodiversity, and caused climate change. All of these transformations threaten the existence of humanity as we know it and endanger the whole of nature. After years of indifference, we have reached a point where we can no longer ignore what is happening around us, and we must deal with difficult questions and complex challenges.Humankind, Society, and the Environment: Lessons of the Past and Responsibility to the Future reviews the changes undergone by the natural environment and by human society from the dawn of humankind up to the present day, and describes the complexity of the relationship between the two. It presents a novel approach, one that requires a reassessment of the social, environmental, and economic values that motivate us, and the balance between the various dimensions within which we live and function. This book presents changes that have occurred in matter and energy resources throughout the various evolutionary processes and revolutions since the universe was created, along with the accompanying changes in human perception of the natural environment.The book also reviews the development of the environmental movement and of the ideology behind it, while presenting the basic models and terminology in the field. Moreover, it deals with the subject of the value - environmental, social, and economic - of the processes of production and consumption of goods and services, asking the reader to assess the effect of these processes on the natural environment and on humankind. Lastly, Humankind, Society, and the Environment calls for action leading to change, suggesting a new approach, one in which we are all take responsibility to protect the rights of nature for the benefit of future generations.

Presents the work of numerous distinguished scholars, including many native to the region, who explore the fascinating variety of factors behind the rise and fall of the Arab Spring, along with foreign and security policy of regional great powers such as Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and their roles in the construction of the new Middle East.

Explores the language situations in Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, including a discussion of language shift and maintenance factors, including societal bilingualism, migration, socioeconomic factors, institutional support, and the role of nationalist groups in the native language and the construction of national identity.