Bøger udgivet af AMER PHILOSOPHICAL SOC PR

The first detailed study of the terrestrial globe of Johann Schoner (1477-1547), a cosmographer and teacher of mathematics in Nurnberg, which he made as part of the first pair of celestial and terrestrial globes in 1515. The globe is not much younger than the earliest surviving terrestrial globe from 1492. The globe is an important part of early 16th-cent. cartography, and an important chapter in the cartographic history of the New World. Transcribing all of the toponyms and legends on the globe has entailed an examination of textual, catographic, and graphical sources which has shed light on the relationship of the globe to maps, globes, and books of the period. "A work of consummate scholarship." Illustrations.

This is the first study devoted to the portraits of nineteenth-century American architects. It is an examination of the way the iconography of such images changed over time to reflect the changing social status of the architect as the profession evolved during the century. Portraits in oil on canvas, drawings, and photography in the text range from Charles Willson Peale's image of William Buckland in the late eighteenth century to John Singer Sargent's portrait of Richard Morris Hunt in the late 1890s. The book has been praised as "a unique use of visual resources, supported by formidable primary research and a thorough analysis of secondary literature." Illustrations.

"Megalonyx" is one of the most widely distributed taxa of ground sloths in North America. Numerous Pleistocene sites contain isolated fossil elements. However, most fossils are of late Rancholabrean age, and relatively few "Megalonyx" fossils have been found in the southeastern United States outside of Florida. This work is unique because it describes more than 250 fossil elements from a single site of Irvingtonian age in South Carolina. It also includes detailed measurements of all teeth and postcranial elements. Morphometrics offers insights into hypsodonty and body mass, and comparisons with other "Megalonyx" across space and time suggest a need to revisit the current taxonomy. Illustrations.

In a search for Iroquoian ritual uses for the marine shell beads now called "wampum" the authors identified the White Dog Sacrifice (WDS) as a possible candidate. The WDS involved ceremonial sacrifice and subsequent cremation of one, or sometimes two "white" dogs to carry away the sins of native believers. Outsiders have recorded their observations of various details of these rituals. Since these records of the WDS often mention the use of wampum, and ethnographic accounts of wampum as part of any religious contexts are extremely rare, this study focuses on descriptions of the WDS to see if wampum beads were essential to the ritual. Another discovery is the importance of burning baskets in connection with these Midwinter rituals. Basket burning survived long after the sacrificial offering of dogs had ended. Illus.

Swedish biomedical researchers were important in the early development of the study of biological rhythms in the mid-20th century. This study looks at the foundation of biological-rhythm research (today called "chronobiology"). The first international society (Society for the Study of Biological Rhythm) was formed by a core group of Swedish scientists, who held their first meeting in Sweden, and who dominated the activities of this Society until the 1950s, when its membership became more international. Swedish researchers were therefore important for the emergence of this interdisciplinary field and for establishing its autonomy as a distinct field. The bulk of the book is a description of the early meetings of the International Society and the papers presented at those meetings, with biographical information on some of the key Swedish researchers.

This volume considers the response of selected cultures to climate events that have been documented from the archaeological and geological records. It includes articles by participants in a 2008 conference at the University of Pennsylvania's Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology as well as other prominent scholars. The essays, which range over the Americas, Europe, Africa, Southeast Asia and the Near East, and over several millennia, may serve as a corrective to dogmatic claims about the future of climate and of mankind, and as a spur to the dispassionate study of both. Illustrations.

This volume offers brief biographical sketches of many individuals who have added to our knowledge of the science of ichthyology. It defines "ichthyologist" rather broadly in an effort to give credit to those who, in the absence of research or published contributions, otherwise have made significant collections of fishes, illustrations of fishes, or important donations of ichthyological materials to museums or to individual researchers, as well as to those who made major exploratory expeditions possible. One or more references are cited for each account, allowing access to additional information. Many entries also have a photo or portrait. Credits and Index.

Explores the history, application, and accrued meanings of the attic order in America, beginning with Benjamin Henry Latrobe, who employed the order. The author traces the genealogy of the architectural influence as it passes from Latrobe to his disciples to their disciples. Latrobe saw "a singular exception, a unique design feature that, besides having a direct and indisputable association with ancient Greece, also offered Americans an architectural order that might be naturalized, that might be made their own." The work is extremely fine-grained, and rich in references, especially to 18th- and 19th-century architectural literature. 45+ b& w plates.

In the fall of 1778 John Roberts, a prosperous Quaker miller who owned valuable property located about 10 miles from Phila., stood trial before a jury that found him guilty of having committed treason. If not entirely innocent, did Roberts nevertheless deserve a trip to the gallows a month after the jury returned its verdict? Relying on two long-neglected contemporary records of this treason trial, Maxey explores in depth the issue of Roberts's guilt while capturing the atmosphere of confusion, conflicting loyalties, political bickering, and religious tension that prevailed in and around Phila. during that period. This is a study, replete in characters and contradictions, of the American Revolution as a civil war that divided neighbors and neighborhoods and of pardon that came haltingly when it came at all. Illus.

In the first decade of the 19th century the U.S. and Mexico reached out to one another to initiate diplomacy, trade, and cultural borrowings. Each faced the task of decolonization and nation-building. This book explores the political and cultural history of Mexico at the time of its independence from Spain. At the center of the study are letters written to the Philadelphia book publisher Mathew Carey by Thomas Robeson, a book agent Carey sent to Mexico in 1822. Author Vogeley demonstrates the important role that the inter-American book trade played in the formation of post-colonial national identities in the Americas and casts a new light on the historical interconnections between print capitalism and nationalism. Illustrations.

A study of the travel journals of Philadelphia Quaker Jabez Maud Fisher, this book brings to light an important but largely unknown text from the Revolutionary era. Fisher traveled to upstate New York, through parts of Canada, then New England, in the late spring through early fall of 1773. The British colonies of North America were alive with the disquieting voices of rebellion. In keeping with what was apparently a family tradition of keeping journals of their travels, Fisher recorded his observations and escapades in a day journal, leaving a chronicle of life at a very auspicious time in American history. He provides rare observations of pre-Revolutionary times, and his commentary is illuminating and colorful. Illustrations.

"This book contains essays presented at a symposium on evidence and data presented by the America Philosophical Society. The essays discuss the role of evidence in interpreting anthropological fieldwork; human psychology; the mechanisms of artificial intelligence; and claims about the past. The natural sciences, social sciences and the humanities are all represented"--

This is both a historical detective work -- piecing together an innovative research project of the 1620s -- and a provocative argument, based on the reconstruction of Peiresc's project. Our understanding of the history of historical scholarship needs to be turned upside down. In the "how" and "why" of Peiresc's scholarly practice and, in the chain of those who understood and remembered him, we learn that far from disappearing, antiquarianism (AN) persisted as a major source of historical innovation and renovation, and that this continues up through the present time. Contents: Peiresc and AN; AN and an Archival "Science"; Researching the History of Provence; Peiresc's Medieval Mediterranean in the History of Historiography. Illus.

Explores the links between science and empire in the 19th cent\ury, focusing on the mutual interactions of British imperialism and geophysical empiricism. The 19th century was a time when science was becoming global, in part due to European colonial and imperial expansion. Colonies became not just propagation points for European science, but also collection points for geophysical investigations. These "colonial observatories" influenced the type of science that could be done. Comparing the development of British and American geomagnetic research during this period shows the dependency between the two influences. Both the scientific theories and the geopolitical realities played a role in creating the tool for studying global science still in use today.

"With an online portfolio of 280 images."

The Ndali people occupy a small area of northern Malawi and southern Tanzania. Relatively little has been published on their language, life, or culture. This volume presents short personal narratives on various aspects of the Ndali world in Malawi, as related by 16 individuals, men and women ranging in age from their late teens to early 40s. These texts are a representative sample collected in 1994 by Loveness Schafer. They provide a glimpse of Ndali culture and life. Contents: Folk Histories of the Ndali and Sukwa Peoples; Childbirth; Death and Funerals; Marriage; Food and Food-Producing Activities; Music; Musical Instruments; Old and New: 'Traditional Beliefs', and 'A Person Who Has Never Seen a Plane'; Folk Art: 2 Folk Tales, 2 Poems.

The Xajil chronicle of the Kaqchikel Maya of Guatemala is topically the most diverse, lengthy, and organizationally complex of the surviving highland-Maya historical texts that were first recorded alphabetically in the colonial period. In this monograph, the author demonstrates that much of the Chronicle was redacted from pre-conquest pictographic documents, documents that now are lost. Both the organization and topical coverage allow the author to identify the specific genres of the pictographic originals and to characterize the content of pre-conquest historical "archives," as well as gauge the amount of information contained in such documents, which would necessarily have been committed to memory by indigenous historians. Illus.

"The Hellenistic inscription and Roman marble portrait head of Alexander the Great that are the subjects of this monograph were discovered by the Palestine Expedition of the University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania (now the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, hereafter "Penn Museum") in 1925 as part of excavations that were conducted from 1921 to 1933 at Beth Shean in the British Mandate for Palestine with a permit from the Mandatory Department of Antiquities. The Beth Shean excavation was focused on the very important Bronze Age-Early Iron Age levels of the tell and the site's biblical connections, and not especially on its Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, or Islamic periods"--

This volume is a careful biographical study of the life and letters of George Romanes (1848-1894), who was a strong advocate for Darwinian evolution. "Because of his central role in defending Darwinian evolution and his close relationship with Darwin during the last decade of Darwin's life, Romanes's life and career deserve a fresh look." This publication by Joel Schwartz is the culmination of more than thirty-five years of work in the history of biology, particularly nineteenth-century natural history and the role played by prominent early evolutionists in shaping the debates in evolutionary biology.

Johannes Hoeber left Nazi Germany for America on Nov. 12, 1938. His wife Elfriede & their 9-year-old daughter Susanne were unable to leave until Sept. 1939. Fifty years, later Johannes & Elfriede's son found an old folder containing the long letters they exchanged during the many months they were separated. In these letters, Elfriede describes the worsening situation in Germany & Johannes describes his flight from Europe & his excited entry into American life. This volume collects 135 of these letters with an intro., extensive notes, & an epilogue that sets the letters in the context of their time. The letters tell the story of a couple driven from their home by the Nazis & forced to make a new life in a new country. An important historical resource that reads like a novel. Photos.

The distinguished classicists and archaeologists featured in this volume were all members of the APS, the oldest learned soc. in N. Amer. Their biographical memoirs, selected from the archives of the Society, present a panorama of 20th-cent. discoveries and developments in the study of Antiquity and the personalities behind them. They include: Sir Arthur Evans, Werner Jaeger, Arthur Darby Nock, Lily Ross Taylor, Carl William Blegen, Gisela M. A. Richter, Rhys Carpenter, Richmond Alexander Lattimore, Ronald Syme, Friedrich Solmsen, T. Robert S. Broughton, Russell Meiggs, Benjamin Dean Meritt, Phyllis Pray Bober, Homer Armstrong Thompson, Emily Dickinson Townsend Vermeule, Machteld Johanna Mellink, and Herbert Bloch. Photos.

Discovery of Late Cretaceous dinosaur and reptile remains from Campanian and Maastrichtian deposits in South Carolina. --

Focuses on the original Latin poetry of William Dillingham, a 17th-cent. editor, and Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge Univ. It does so in an attempt to disprove claims that Dillingham's talent lay in criticism rather than in original composition, and that his Latin verse shows his complete independence of the old school of classical imitation. This study highlights both the classical and the contemporary intertexts with which this hitherto neglected poetry engages. This highly talented verse "sports" with the classics in several ways: first in its self-consciously interaction with the Latin poets Virgil and Ovid; second in its appropriation of a classical world and its linguistic medium to describe such 17th-cent. sports or pastimes as bowling, horticulture, and bell-ringing.

This study examines the interplay of Latin and English in a selection of John Milton's neo-Latin writings. It argues that this interplay is indicative of an inherent bilingualism that proceeds hand-in-hand with a self-fashioning that is bicultural in essence. Interlingual flexibility ultimately proved central to the poet of Paradise Lost, an epic uniquely characterized by its Latinate vernacular and its vernacular Latinitas. Author Estelle Haan (Sheehan) is Professor of English and Neo-Latin Studies at The Queen's University of Belfast. She is a well-known and well-respected Neo-Latinist who has published several volumes with the American Philosophical Soc. and has recently edited Milton's Latin and Greek poetry for Oxford University Press.

Chindali is spoken along the northern border of Malawi and in southwestern Tanzania. There are about 70,000 speakers in Malawi and 150,000 speakers in Tanzania. This grammatical sketch represents the language as spoken in the region of northern Malawi. It differs in important ways from the variety spoken in Tanzania, esp. in verbal morphology. It also differs from a closely related dialect called Chisukwa, primarily in tone and some sounds. Contents: Intro.; Phonology; Noun Morphology; Noun Modification; Verbs: Structure and Morphology; Verb Types; Verbs: Constructions and Phrases; Ideophones; Syntax; Invariable Forms. Append.: Verb Templates; Paradigm of the Verb "uku.lima" 'cultivate; hoe'. References.

This vol. has its origins in a conference, held October 22-23, 2004, at the Amer. Philosophical Society (APS) Library, Phila. The main focus was on evolutionary studies in America before, during, and after the famous "synthesis" period of the 1930s and 1940s. The synthesis period has been the focus of substantial new research and important new thinking. This vol. brings together 15 specialists to explore these developments and to press further. Questions shaping these essays focus on the following broad themes: Continuity and breaks across generations; Emerging narratives for the period; New research opportunities at the APS; New ideas from the research front; Placing evolutionists in the broader context of biology; and Future directions. Also includes a thoughtful intro. by Michael Ruse.

In the 12th and 13th cent., Western Europe became possessed of Latin versions of most of the works of Greco-Arabic science & philosophy. These included works originally written in Greek & subsequently translated into Arabic, as well as works in Arabic by Christian, Muslin, and Jewish scholars. The new material helped create the new univ. of the 13th cent. and transformed the foundations of medieval thought. This study focuses on a short text by Galen, Peri anomalou dyskrasis, whose Greek text has recently been edited. Contents: (1) The Arabic translation from Greek by Hunayn ibn Ishaq (d. 873); The Latin Translation from Arabic by Gerard of Cremona (d. 1187); The Hebrew Translation from Latin by David b. Abraham Caslari (d. c. 1315); (2) The Texts: The Arabic Text; The Arabic-English Translation; The Latin Text; The Hebrew Text; (3) Glossaries: Arabic-Latin-Hebrew; Latin; Hebrew.

"Examines 'the historical underpinnings of the sea change in the pictorial representation of calendrical time that took place in Hispanic Mesoamerica.' Discusses the deeply entrenched circular view of time in the West and the indigenous temporal representations in square or quadrangular form. The post-contact representation of time is thus an example of how fundamental native concepts were affected by the clash of cultures we call the Spanish conquest"--Provided by publisher.

Sophie de Grouchy, marquise de Condorcet, was a woman of the French Enlightenment who was a member of the Girondin revolutionary faction, ran an influential salon, and translated Adam Smith and Thomas Paine. Her "Lettres sur la sympathie" is a work on moral philosophy, a theory of social progress, and a feminist reassessment of liberal philosophy and social contract theory. Editor Brown brings to light an important philosophical text from the end of the 18th cent. which will be valuable to scholars of the French Enlightenment, Adam Smith and the Scottish Enlightenment, women's studies, and the history of women in philosophy. "Succeeds in restoring Sophie de Grouchy's text to its rightful place in the history of philosophy and ideas." Illus.

The distinguished chemists in this volume were all members of the APS. Their bio. memoirs, selected from the archives of the Society, present a panorama of 20th-cent. discoveries and develop. in the study of Chemistry and the personalities behind them. They include: Josiah Gibbs, Jacobus Van't Hoff, Louis Pasteur, Julius Stieglitz, William Noyes, Leo Baekeland, Gilbert Lewis, Moses Gomberg, Pierre Du Pont, Irving Langmuir, Gerty Cori, John Kirkwood, Albert Lehninger, Axel Theorell, Carl Cori, Carl Marvel, Feodor Lynen, Fritz Lipmann, George Kistiakowsky, Harold Urey, Harrison Brown, Henry Eyring, Joel Hildebrand, Joseph Miller, Lars Onsager, Paul Flory, Sir Hans Krebs, Vincent Du Vigneaud, Willard Libby, and William Giauque. Photos.