Bøger udgivet af Birkhauser

The biology of the family of endogenous autocrine peptides known as the endothelins (ETs) has been a source of intense study for researchers since 1988, following the identification of ET-l as the previously described endothelium-derived contractile factor. Initial interest focussed on the actions of the ETs in the cardiovascular system, and this remains the pri- mary source of published work involving these peptides. Importantly, evi- dence is mounting for a significant mediator role for ET-l in cardiovascu- lar diseases including systemic hypertension and congestive heart failure. However, it was also recognized early on that the ETs exert an array of powerful actions in the respiratory tract, many of which prompted specula- tion concerning mediator roles for ET-l in several lung diseases including asthma and pulmonary hypertension. In recent years the evidence for the involvement of ET-l in lung diseases has become more compelling. There is now real hope and anticipation that novel ET receptor antagonists may eventually be used therapeutically against asthma and other major lung pathologies. It is this atmosphere of excitement created by new discoveries and the increasing scientific ratio- nale for a significant impact ofthe ETs in pulmonary diseases that prompt- ed the creation of this book, the first on this topic. Most of the information presented relates to ET-l, which is the most widely studied member of the ET family.

1. Prevention and Early Detection of Lung Cancer - Clinical Aspects.- 2. Smoking Prevention and Cessation.- 3. Clinical Pharmacology of Vitamin A and Retinoids.- 4. Early Lung Cancer Detection.- 5. Molecular Abnormalities in the Sequential Development of Lung Carcinoma.- 6. Application of In Situ PCR and In Situ Hybridization to the Characterization of Lung Cancers.- 7. Tumor Stroma Formation in Lung Cancer.- 8. Tumor Angiogenesis: Basis for New Prognostic Factors and New Anticancer Therapies.- 9. Cell Cycle Regulators and Mechanisms of Growth Control Evasion in Lung Cancer.- 10. Molecular Genetics of Lung Cancer.- 11. Neuropeptides, Signal Transduction and Small Cell Lung Cancer.- 12. In Vitro Analysis of Bombesin/Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor (bb2) Ligand Binding and G-Protein Coupling.- 13. DNA Methylation Changes in Lung Cancer.- 14. K-ras Mutations as Molecular Markers of Lung Cancer.- 15. Sheep Lung Adenomatosis: A Model of Virally Induced Lung Cancer.- 16. Retinoic Acid Receptor ß An Exploration of its Role in Lung Cancer Suppression and its Potential in Cancer Prevention.- 17. Cytochrome P450 Polymorphisms: Risk Factors for Lung Cancer?.- 18. Glutathione S-Transferases and Lung Cancer Risk.- 19. The p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene in Lung Cancer: From Molecular to Serological Diagnosis.- 20. Endoscopic Localization of Preneoplastic Lung Lesions.- 21. Antigen Retrieval Improves hnRNP A2/B1 Immunohisto-chemical Localization in Premalignant Lesions of the Lung.- 22. Molecular Pathological Mechanisms in NSCLC and the Assessment of Individuals with a High Risk of Developing Lung Cancer.- 23. Chemoprevention of Lung Cancer.- 24. Regional Delivery of Retinoids: A New Approach to Early Lung Cancer Intervention.- 25. Natural Inhibitors of Carcinogenesis.- 26. Gene Delivery to Airways.- 27. Lung Cancer Prevention: The Point of View of a Public Health Epidemiologist.- 28. Biomarkers as Intermediate Endpoints in Chemoprevention Trials: Biological Basis of Lung Cancer Prevention.- 29. Biological Tools for Mass Screening.- 30. Optimization of the Use of Biological Samples for the Prospective Evaluation of Preneoplastic Lesions.

In this book we shall study linear functional equations of the form m bu(x) == Lak(X)U(Qk(X)) = f(x), (1) k=l where U is an unknown function from a given space F(X) of functions on a set X, Qk: X -] X are given mappings, ak and f are given functions. Our approach is based on the investigation of the operators given by the left-hand side of equa- tion (1). In what follows such operators will be called functional operators. We will pay special attention to the spectral properties of functional operators, first of all, to invertibility and the Noether property. Since the set X, the space F(X), the mappings Qk and the coefficients ak are arbitrary, the class of operators of the form (1) is very rich and some of its individ- ual representatives are related with problems arising in various areas of mathemat- ics and its applications. In addition to the classical theory of functional equations, among such areas one can indicate the theory of functional-differential equations with deviating argument, the theory of nonlocal problems for partial differential equations, the theory of boundary value problems for the equation of a vibrating string and equations of mixed type, a number of problems of the general theory of operator algebras and the theory of dynamical systems, the spectral theory of au- tomorphisms of Banach algebras, and other problems.

On the Convexification of Optimal Control Problems of Flight Dynamics.- Restricted Optimal Transportation Flows.- Relaxation Gaps in Optimal Control Processes with State Constraints.- Optimal Shape Design for Elliptic Hemivariational Inequalities in Nonlinear Elasticity.- A Discretization for Control Problems with optimality test.- Smooth and Nonsmooth Optimal Lipschitz Control - a Model Problem.- Suboptimality Theorems in Optimal Control.- A Second Order Sufficient Condition for Optimality in Nonlinear Control - the Conjugate Point Approach.- Extremal Problems for Elliptic Systems.- Existence Results for Some Nonconvex Optimization Problems Governed by Nonlinear Processes.- Multiobjective Optimal Control Problems.- Existence Principles and the Theory of Extremal Problems.- Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equations and Optimal Control.- Output Target Control and Uncertain Infinite-Dimensional Systems.- Sensitivity Analysis of Stiff and Non-stiff Initial-value Problems.- Algorithm of Real-Time Minimization of Control Norm for Incompletely Determined Linear Control Systems.- Set-valued Calculus and Dynamic Programming in Problems of Feedback Control.- Strong Observability of Time-dependent Linear Systems.- Sensitivity Analysis and Real-Time Control of Nonlinear Optimal Control Systems via Nonlinear Programming Methods.- Accelerating Multiple Shooting for State-constrained Trajectory Optimization Problems.- SQP Methods and their Application to Numerical Optimal Control.- Predictor-Corrector Continuation Method for Optimal Control Problems.- Time Invariant Global Stabilization of a Mobile Robot.- Competitive Running on a Hilly Track.- Convex Domains of Given Diameter with Greatest Volume.- Isoperimetric and Isodiametric Area-minimal Plane Convex Figures.- Minimizing the Noise of an Aircraft during Landing Approach.- Real-Time Computation of Strategies of Differential Games with Applications to Collision Avoidance.- The Use of Screening for the Control of an Endemic Disease.- Optimal Control of Sloshing Liquids.- Free Surface Waves in a Wave Tank.- Efficient Convexification of Flight Path Optimization Problems.- Determining the Controllability Region for the Re-entry of an Apollo-type Spacecraft.

Essay on Bernd Silbermann.- Publications of Bernd Silbermann.- Toeplitz Corona Problem for Algebras of Almost Periodic Functions.- Sums of Idempotents in the Banach Algebra Generated by the Compact Operators and the Identity.- Asymptotic Formulas for the Determinants of Symmetric Toeplitz plus Hankel Matrices.- On the Determinant Formulas by Borodin, Okounkov, Baik, Deift and Rains.- On the Distance of a Large Toeplitz Band Matrix to the Nearest Singular Matrix.- Singular Integral Equations on Piecewise Smooth Curves in Spaces of Smooth Functions.- Spline Approximation Methods for the Biharmonic Dirichlet Problem on Non-smooth Domains.- On Rank Invariance of Schwarz-Pick-Potapov Block Matrices of Matrix-valued Carathéodory Functions.- Finite Section Method for Linear Ordinary Differential Equations Revisited.- Fast Algorithms for Skewsymmetric Toeplitz Matrices.- On Collocation Methods for Nonlinear Cauchy Singular Integral Equations.- Local method for nonlocal operators on Banach spaces.- Numerical Solution of Mellin Type Equations via Wiener-Hopf Equations.- A 1-parameter Scale of Closed Ideals Formed by Strictly Singular Operators.- Local Theory of the Fredholmness of Band-dominated Operators with Slowly Oscillating Coefficients.- More Inequalities and Asymptotics for Matrix Valued Linear Positive Operators: the Noncommutative Case.- Toeplitz Determinants, Random Matrices and Random Permutations.

Introduction, Global Perspectives and History of Immunosuppression.- Immunosuppressive Drugs.- Cyclosporine: Role of Pharmacokinetics.- Tacrolimus.- The Potential Role of Immunosuppressive Macrocyclic Lactones.- Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Inhibition: Mycophenolate Mofetil.- Biologicals.- Therapeutic Anti-T-cell Monoclonal Antibodies.- Targeting the IL-2 Receptor with Antibodies or Chimeric Toxins.- New Avenues in Immunosuppression.- Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Allograft Rejection.- Tolerance Induction.- Gene Therapy Approaches to Immunosuppression.- Perspectives.- A rigorous approach to the diagnosis of synergy among combination therapies of immunosuppressive agents.- Lessons for transplantation of cyclosporine experience in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

1 - Algebraic Preamble.- Groups, Rings and Fields.- Permutation Groups.- Problems 1.- 2 - Vector Spaces and Linear Maps.- Vector Spaces and Algebras.- Bases and Dimension.- Linear Maps.- Direct Sums.- Addendum - Modules.- Problems 2.- 3 - Matrices, Determinants and Linear Equations.- Matrices.- Determinants.- Systems of Linear Equations.- Problems 3.- 4 - Cayley-Hamilton Theorem and Jordan Form.- Polynomials.- Cayley-Hamilton and Spectral Theorems.- Jordan Form.- Problems 4.- 5 - Interlude on Finite Fields.- Finite Fields.- Applications - Linear Codes and Finite Matrix Groups.- Problems 5.- 6 - Hermitian and Inner Product Spaces.- Hermitian and Inner Products, and Norms.- Unitary and Self-adjoint Maps.- Orthogonal and Symmetric Maps.- Problems 6.- 7 - Selected Topics.- The Geometry of Real Quadratic Forms.- Normed Algebras, Quaternions and Cayley Numbers.- to the Representation of Finite Groups.- Problems 7.- Appendix A - Set Theory.- Sets and Maps.- Problems A.- Appendix B - Answers and Solutions to the Problems.- Notation Index.- Definition Index.- Theorem Index.

Semi-Infinite Geometry is a theory of "doubly infinite-dimensional" geometric or topological objects. In this book the author explains what should be meant by an algebraic variety of semi-infinite nature. Then he applies the framework of semiderived categories, suggested in his previous monograph titled Homological Algebra of Semimodules and Semicontramodules, (Birkhäuser, 2010), to the study of semi-infinite algebraic varieties. Quasi-coherent torsion sheaves and flat pro-quasi-coherent pro-sheaves on ind-schemes are discussed at length in this book, making it suitable for use as an introduction to the theory of quasi-coherent sheaves on ind-schemes. The main output of the homological theory developed in this monograph is the functor of semitensor product on the semiderived category of quasi-coherent torsion sheaves, endowing the semiderived category with the structure of a tensor triangulated category. The author offers two equivalent constructions of the semitensor product, as well as its particular case, the cotensor product, and shows that they enjoy good invariance properties. Several geometric examples are discussed in detail in the book, including the cotangent bundle to an infinite-dimensional projective space, the universal fibration of quadratic cones, and the important popular example of the loop group of an affine algebraic group.

Parallelizable Methods for Modeling Flow and Transport in Heterogeneous Porous Media.- A Multifractal Analysis of Dispersion During Miscible Flow in Porous Media.- Homogenization in a Perforated Domain Including a Thin Full Interlayer.- Indirect Determination of Hydraulic Properties of Porous Media.- Reactive Flows in Porous Media: The Reaction-Infiltration Instability.- A Study of the Effect of Inhomogeneities on Immiscible Flow in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs.- A Massively Parallel Iterative Numerical Algorithm for Immiscible Flow in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs.- Two-Dimensional Solute Transport.- Multiphase Saturation Equations, Change of Type and Inaccessible Regions.- A Central Limit Theorem for Multiscaled Permeability.- Front Tracking for the Unstable Hele-Shaw and Muskat Problems.- Regularity and Uniqueness Results for Two-Phase Miscible Flows in Porous Media.- Distributed Microstructure Models of Porous Media.- Multidimensional Degenerate Diffusion Problem with Evolutionary Boundary Condition: Existence, Uniqueness, and Approximation.

Recent advances in immunosuppressants.- Present status of hepatoprotectants.- The 5-HT1A receptor and its ligands: structure and function.- U-50,488 and the K receptor: a personalized account covering the period 1973-1990.- Protease inhibitors as potential antiviral agents for the treatment of picornaviral infections.- Index Vol. 52.- Index of titles, Vol. 1-52.- Author and paper index, Vol. 1-52.

On Certain (Nearly) Convex Joint Numerical Ranges.- The Two-Sided Nevanlinna-Pick Problem in the Stieltjes Class.- State Space Formulas for Coprime Factorizations.- Generalization of Heinz-Kato Theorem via Furuta Inequality.- The Band Method for Bordered Algebras.- Lp-Distance Between Unitary Orbits in Type III? Factors.- Finite Dimensional Solution Sets of Extremal Problems in H1.- Factorization of Operators with Angularly Constrained Spectra.- On the Coefficients of Riemann Mappings on the Unit Disk into Itself.- Weak-Star Limits of Polynomials and their Derivatives.- Hausdorff Dimension of Some Fractals and Perron-Frobenius Theory.- Operators Which have Commutative Polar Decompositions.- Trace Formula for the Perturbation of Partial Differential Operator and Cyclic Cocycle on a Generalized Heisenberg Group.

The tangential trigonometric moment problem on an interval and related topics.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Some lemmas on matrix-valued rational functions.- 3. The main result.- 4. The Nevanlinna-Pick problem.- References.- Maximum entropy and joint norm bounds for operator extensions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. A sharp bound in the 2×2 case.- 3. The maximum entropy method.- 4. An application to integral operators.- References.- Bitangential interpolation for input-output operators of time varying systems: the discrete time case.- 0. Introduction.- 1. Residue calculus and generalized point evaluation.- 2. Pairs of diagonal operators and homogeneous one-sided interpolation.- 3. Bitangential interpolation data set.- 4. Bitangential interpolation in geometric terms.- 5. Intermezzo about admissible Sylvester data sets.- 6. Construction of a particular solution.- 7. Parametrization of all solutions (without norm constraints).- 8. Input-output operators of time-varying systems.- 9. Parametrization of all contractive input-output operators satisfying the bitangential interpolation conditions.- References.- Two-sided tangential interpolation of real rational matrix functions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Minimal realizations.- 3. Local data.- 4. Two-sided tangential interpolation: existence of real interpolants.- 5. Two-sided tangential interpolation with real-valued data: Description of interpolants.- 6. Degrees of interpolants.- 7. Generalized Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation for real rational matrix functions.- References.- On the spectra of operator completion problems.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Case of finite dimensional spaces.- 3. Case of infinite dimensional spaces.- References.- The exact H2 estimate for the central H? interpolant.- 1. An improved Kaftal-Larson-Weiss estimate.- 2. Some formulas for DB?.- 3. The role of DA?2II0*.- 4. The four block problem.- 5. Optimal solutions.- References.- On mixed H2 - H? tangential interpolation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Formulas for the central solution.- 3. A state space approach.- 4. Applications of the H2 - H? tangential interpolation problem.- References.- On a completion problem for matrices.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Main theorems in the finite dimensional case.- 3. The full range case.- 4. The proof of the main theorems in the finite dimensional case.- 5. Infinite dimensional case.- References.

1. Application of Transgenic and Gene-Targeted Mice to Dissect Mechanisms of Lung Disease.- Emphysema.- 2. Models of Genetic Emphysema: The C57B1/6J Mice and their Mutants: Tight-Skin, Pallid and Beige Giuseppe Lungarella, Eleonora Cavarra and.- 3. ?1-Antitrypsin Deficiency.- 4. Recombinant SLPI: Emphysema and Asthma.- 5. Elastase Inhibitors in the Lung: Expression and Functional Relationships.- 6. Regulation of Neutrophil Proteinases.- 7. Control of Connective Tissue Genes.- Infection.- 8. Genetic Models of Bacterial Lung Infection.- 9. Genetics of Bacteria: Role in Pathogenesis of Infection of the Respiratory Tract.- 10. Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis of Respiratory Tract Infections.- 11. Cystic Fibrosis.- 12. Respiratory Bacterial Infections in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenicity and Implications for Serine Proteinase Inhibitor Therapy.

On Some Operator Colligations and Associated Reproducing Kernel Spaces.- On the Spectra of Selfadjoint Extensions.- On the Spectrum of Singular Nonselfadjoint Differential Operators.- The Commutant Lifting Theorem for Contractions on Kre?n Spaces.- A Method for Constructing Invariant Subspaces for some Operators on Kre?n Spaces.- Applications of the Furuta Inequality to Operator Inequalities and Norm Inequalities Preserving some Orders.- Quasi-contractions on Kre?n Spaces.- Antitonicity of the Inverse and J-Contractivity.- Unitary Extensions of a System of Commuting Isometric Operators.- Some Generalizations of Classical Interpolation Problems.- The Kobayashi Distance between two Contractions.- The Category of Quotient Bornological Spaces.

1 Preliminary results. Integral transforms in the complex domain.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Some identities.- 1.3 Integral representations and asymptotic formulas.- 1.4 Distribution of zeros.- 1.5 Identities between some Mellin transforms.- 1.6 Fourier type transforms with Mittag-Leffler kernels.- 1.7 Some consequences.- 1.8 Notes.- 2 Further results. Wiener-Paley type theorems.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Some simple generalizations of the first fundamental Wiener-Paley theorem.- 2.3 A general Wiener-Paley type theorem and some particular results.- 2.4 Two important cases of the general Wiener-Paley type theorem.- 2.5 Generalizations of the second fundamental Wiener-Paley theorem.- 2.6 Notes.- 3 Some estimates in Banach spaces of analytic functions.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Some estimates in Hardy classes over a half-plane.- 3.3 Some estimates in weighted Hardy classes over a half-plane.- 3.4 Some estimates in Banach spaces of entire functions of exponential type.- 3.5 Notes.- 4 Interpolation series expansions in spacesW1/2, ?p, ?of entire functions.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Lemmas on special Mittag-Leffler type functions.- 4.3 Two special interpolation series.- 4.4 Interpolation series expansions.- 4.5 Notes.- 5 Fourier type basic systems inL2(0, ?).- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Biorthogonal systems of Mittag-Leffler type functions and their completeness inL2(0, ?).- 5.3 Fourier series type biorthogonal expansions inL2(0, ?).- 5.4 Notes.- 6 Interpolation series expansions in spacesWs+1/2, ?p, ?of entire functions.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 The formulation of the main theorems.- 6.3 Auxiliary relations and lemmas.- 6.4 Further auxiliary results.- 6.5 Proofs of the main theorems.- 6.6 Notes.- 7 Basic Fourier type systems inL2spaces of odd-dimensional vector functions.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Some identities.- 7.3 Biorthogonal systems of odd-dimensional vector functions.- 7.4 Theorems on completeness and basis property.- 7.5 Notes.- 8 Interpolation series expansions in spacesWs, ?p, ?of entire functions.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 The formulation of the main interpolation theorem.- 8.3 Auxiliary relations and lemmas.- 8.4 Further auxiliary results.- 8.5 The proof of the main interpolation theorem.- 8.6 Notes.- 9 Basic Fourier type systems inL2spaces of even-dimensional vector functions.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Some identities.- 9.3 The construction of biorthogonal systems of even-dimensional vector functions.- 9.4 Theorems on completeness and basis property.- 9.5 Notes.- 10 The simplest Cauchy type problems and the boundary value problems connected with them.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals and derivatives.- 10.3 A Cauchy type problem.- 10.4 The associated Cauchy type problem and the analog of Lagrange formula.- 10.5 Boundary value problems and eigenfunction expansions.- 10.6 Notes.- 11 Cauchy type problems and boundary value problems in the complex domain (the case of odd segments).- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Preliminaries.- 11.3 Cauchy type problems and boundary value problems containing the operators $$ {\mathbb{L}_{s + 1/2}}$$ and $$ \mathbb{L}_{s + 1/2}^*$$.- 11.4 Expansions inL2{?2s+1(?)} in terms of Riesz bases.- 11.5 Notes.- 12 Cauchy type problems and boundary value problems in the complex domain (the case of even segments).- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Preliminaries.- 12.3 Cauchy type problems and boundary value problems containing the operators $${{\mathbb{L}}_{s}} $$ and $$ \mathbb{L}_{s}^*$$.- 12.4 Expansions inL2{?2s(?)} in terms of Riesz bases.- 12.5

The discovery of valproate.- The pharmacology of valproate.- Pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action.- Chemistry and biotransformation.- Absorption, distribution and excretion.- Toxicity.- Clinical use of valproate.- Valproate in the treatment of epilepsies in children.- Treatment of epilepsies in adults.- Valproate use in psychiatry: A focus on bipolar illness.- Valproate in the treatment of headache.- Adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.- The future of valproate.

1. Residue Currents in one Dimension. Different Approaches.- 1. Residue attached to a holomorphic function.- 2. Some other approaches to the residue current.- 3. Some variants of the classical Pompeiu formula.- 4. Some applications of Pompeiu's formulas. Local results.- 5. Some applications of Pompeiu's formulas. Global results.- References for Chapter 1.- 2. Integral Formulas in Several Variables.- 1. Chains and cochains, homology and cohomology.- 2. Cauchy's formula for test functions.- 3. Weighted Bochner-Martinelli formulas.- 4. Weighted Andreotti-Norguet formulas.- 5. Applications to systems of algebraic equations.- References for Chapter 2.- 3. Residue Currents and Analytic Continuation.- 1. Leray iterated residues.- 2. Multiplication of principal values and residue currents.- 3. The Dolbeault complex and the Grothendieck residue.- 4. Residue currents.- 5. The local duality theorem.- References for Chapter 3.- 4. The Cauchy-Weil Formula and its Consequences.- 1. The Cauchy-Weil formula.- 2. The Grothendieck residue in the discrete case.- 3. The Grothendieck residue in the algebraic case.- References for Chapter 4.- 5. Applications to Commutative Algebra and Harmonic Analysis.- 1. An analytic proof of the algebraic Nullstellensatz.- 2. The membership problem.- 3. The Fundamental Principle of L. Ehrenpreis.- 4. The role of the Mellin transform.- References for Chapter 5.

This work gives a coherent introduction to isoperimetric inequalities in Riemannian manifolds, featuring many of the results obtained during the last 25 years and discussing different techniques in the area. Written in a clear and appealing style, the book includes sufficient introductory material, making it also accessible to graduate students. It will be of interest to researchers working on geometric inequalities either from a geometric or analytic point of view, but also to those interested in applying the described techniques to their field.

Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Asthma: The Pathophysiology of Asthma.- Corticosteroids.- Phosphodiesterases in Asthma.- ?2-Agonists.- Mast Cell Stabilizing Drugs.- Anti-Leukotriene Therapy for Asthma.- Immunomodulators.- Immunomodulators.- Mast Cell Proteases as New Targets for Therapeutic Intervention in Asthma.- Cytokine and Adhesion Molecule Antagonists.

V: Triangular Representations.- XX. Additive lower-upper triangular decompositions of operators.- XXI. Operators in triangular form.- XXII. Multiplicative lower-upper triangular decompositions of operators.- VI: Classes of Toeplitz Operators.- XXIII. Block Toeplitz operators.- XXIV. Toeplitz operators defined by rational matrix functions.- XXV. Toeplitz operators defined by piecewise continuous matrix functions.- VII: Contractive Operators and Characteristic Operator Functions.- XXVI. Block shift operators.- XXVII. Dilation theory.- XXVIII. Unitary systems and characteristic operator functions.- VIII: Banach Algebras And Algebras Of Operators.- XXIX. General theory.- XXX. Commutative Banach algebras.- XXXI. Elements of C*-algebra theory.- XXXII. Banach algebras generated by Toeplitz operators.- IX: Extension and Completion Problems.- XXXIII. Completions of matrices.- XXXIV. A general scheme for completion and extension problems.- XXXV. Applications of the band method.- Standard references texts.- List of symbols.

"The book under review collects and regroups results on the representation theory of the Jacobi group of lowest degree mostly due to R.Berndt and his coworkers J.Homrighausen and R.Schmidt. The book is very well written and gives an up to date collection of the results known. It will be quite useful for everyone working in the field. The first chapter introduces the Jacobi group GJ, a semi-direct product of SL(2) with a Heisenberg group, and describes different possible coordinates on the group, the Haar measure, the Lie algebra, as well as, over the reals, a (generalized) Iwasawa decomposition and the associated homogeneous space..." ---Zentralblatt Math "This book is an exposition which incorporates results of the authors' research works [that] will be very helpful for those who have some knowledge of the Jacquet-Langlands theory for GL2... Recommended for researchers interested in modular and automorphic forms." ---Mathematical Reviews

Uncertainty principles for time-frequency operators.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Sampling results for time-frequency transformations.- 3. Uncertainty principles for exact Gabor and wavelet frames.- References.- Distribution of zeros of matrix-valued continuous analogues of orthogonal polynomials.- 1. Preliminary results.- 1.1. Matrix-valued Krein functions of the first and second kinds.- 1.2. Partitioned integral operators.- 2. Orthogonal operator-valued polynomials.- 2.1. Stein equations for operators.- 2.2. Zeros of orthogonal polynomials.- 2.3. On Toeplitz matrices with operator entries.- 3. Zeros of mat rix-valued Krein functions.- 3.1 On Wiener-Hopf operators.- 3.2. Proof of the main theorem.- References.- The band extension of the real line as a limit of discrete band extensions, II. The entropy principle.- 0. Introduction.- I. Preliminaries.- II. Main results.- References.- Weakly positive matrix measures, generalized Toeplitz forms, and their applications to Hankel and Hilbert transform operators.- 1. Lifting properties of generalized Toeplitz forms and weakly positive matrix measures.- 2. The GBT and the theorems of Helson-Szegö and Nehari.- 3. GNS construction, Wold decomposition and abstract lifting theorems.- 4. Multiparameter and n-conditional lifting theorems, the A-A-K theorem and applications in several variables.- References.- Reduction of the abstract four block problem to a Nehari problem.- 0. Introduction.- 1. Main theorems.- 2. Proofs of the main theorems.- References.- The state space method for integro-differential equations of Wiener-Hopf type with rational matrix symbols.- 1. Introduction and main theorems.- 2. Preliminaries on matrix pencils.- 3. Singular differential equations on the full-line.- 4. Singular differential equations on the half-line.- 5. Preliminaries on realizations.- 6. Proof of theorem 1.1.- 7. Proofs of theorems 1.2 and 1.3.- 8. An example.- References.- Symbols and asymptotic expansions.- 0. Introduction.- I. Smooth symbols on Rn.- II. Piecewise smooth symbols on T.- III. Piecewise smooth symbols on Rn.- IV. Symbols discontinuous across a hyperplane in Rn × Rn.- References.- Program of Workshop.

1. Needle Microinjection: A Brief History.- 2. Microinjection of Macromolecules into Mammalian Cells in Culture.- 3. The Use of Plasmid Microinjection to Study Specific Cell Cycle Phase Transitions.- 4. Combining Microinjection with Microanalytical Methods to Investigate Regulation of Metabolic Pathways.- 5. Import of Stably Folded Proteins into Peroxisomes.- 6. Study of the Function of Microtubule Proteins.- 7. Cytoskeleton Regulation by Rho Proteins.- 8. Cytoskeletal Regulation by Rho-p21 Associated Kinases: Analysis of ROK and PAK Function by Plasmid Microinjection.- 9. Use of Microinjection to Study Apoptosis and its Prevention.- 10. Role of the InsP3 Receptor in Intracellular Ca2+ Release and Ca2+ Entry.- 11. Microinjection of Xenopus laevis Oocytes: A Model System.- 12. Xenopus laevis Oocytes as a Model for Studying the Activation of Intracellular Kinases.- 13. Signal Transduction in Xenopus laevis Oocytes by Ras Oncoproteins and Lipid Metabolites.- 14. The Multiple Roles of Mos During Meiosis.- 15. Use of the Xenopus Oocyte System to Study RNA Transport.- 16. Functional Expression of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Xenopus laevis Oocytes.- 17. Expression of Glucose Transporters in Xenopus laevis Oocytes: Applications for the Study of Membrane Transporter Function and Regulation.- 18. DNA Injection into Xenopus laevis Embryos as a Tool to Study Spatial Gene Activity.- 19. Transformation of Nematodes by Microinjection.- Guide to Solutions.- Guide to Protocols.- Troubleshooting Guide.

Quantile Functions and Spread for Multivariate Distributions.- A New Definition of Multivariate M-quantiles.- A Depth Function and a Scale Curve Based on Spatial Quantiles.- Sample Quantiles for Locally Dependent Processes.- What are the Limiting Distributions of Quantile Estimators?.- New Selection Indices for University Admissions: A Quantile Approach.- Exploring Transition Data Through Quantile Regression Methods: An Application to U.S. Unemployment Duration.- How to be Pessimistic: Choquet Risk and Portfolio Optimization.- Expected Shortfall and Beyond.- Credit Scoring Using Binary Quantile Regression.- Prediction of 0-1-Events for Short- and Long-memory Time Series.- Nonparametric Quantile Regression with Applications to Financial Time Series.- An Algorithm for Optimal Bandwidth Selection for Smooth Nonparametric Quantile Estimation.- Orthogonal L1-norm Estimation.- L1-Derivatives, Score Functions and Tests.- Optimal Bias Robust M-estimates of Regression.- Robust Bootstrap for S-estimators of Multivariate Regression.- M-tests for Detection of Structural Changes in Regression.- Change Point Detection Based on Empirical Quantiles.- A Class of Probability Metrics and its Statistical Applications.- Whose Hare and Whose Tortoise.- Sign and Rank Covariance Matrices: Statistical Properties and Application to Principal Components Analysis.- Multivariate Signed Ranks: Randies' Interdirections or Tyler's Angles?.- L1-Depth, Depth Relative to a Model, and Robust Regression.- Perturbation Properties of Depth Regions.- Multivariate Trimmed Means Based on Data Depth.- Graphs, L1-Metrics and Clustering.- Classification Based on the Support Vector Machine and on Regression Depth.- A Robust Clustering Method and Visualization Tool Based On Data Depth.- The Median Extension of Data Analysis Metric Structures.- Text Classification for Mining Massive Aviation Inspection Reports.- A Comparison Between L1 Markov Random Field-Based and Wavelet-Based Estimators.- Elastic and Plastic Splines: Some Experimental Comparisons.- On the Bitplane Compression of Microarray Images.- Overdispersed Regression Models for Air Pollution and Human Health.- Atmospheric Pollution and Mortality in São Paulo.- Contributors.

Ever since the introduction of the polymerase chain reaction (peR) in 1986, morphologists, whose interests lie in the analysis of intact tissue structures, have been attempting to adapt this technique to intact cells or tissue sections to detect low copy numbers of DNA or RNA in situ while preserving tissue morphology. The significance of this objective is obvious. A technique finally materialized in 1990 when Dr. Ashley T. Haase and coworkers published results that used multiple prim- ers with complementary tails in intact cells. Since then, a number of laboratories have successfully developed their own versions of the technique. In situ peR is now a well-recognized method that permits the detection of minute quantities of DNA or RNA in intact cells or tissue sections. As a result, morphological analysis of those target nucleotide sequences becomes possible. As anticipated, this ad- vancement has led to significant improvement in our understanding of many nor- mal and abnormal conditions, and its impact is becoming more evident as time passes. In situ peR has the characteristics of a new landmark in morphologic technol- ogy-it is scientifically fascinating and technically challenging. In essence, it is a combination of in situ hybridization and conventional peR. The wealth of litera- ture, experience and protocols for the two latter techniques can be applied to in situ peR. In situ peR also has its own unique aspects that were not addressed by the other two techniques.

Computational fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and flow simulation are challenging research areas that bring solution and analysis to many classes of problems in science, engineering, and technology. Young investigators under the age of 40 are conducting much of the frontier research in these areas, some of which is highlighted in this volume. The first author of each chapter took the lead role in carrying out the research presented. Some of the topics explored includeDirect flow simulation of objects represented by point cloudsComputational investigation of leaflet flutter in thinner biological heart valve tissuesHigh-fidelity simulation of hydrokinetic energy applicationsHigh-resolution isogeometric analysis of car and tire aerodynamicsComputational analysis of air-blast-structure interactionHeart valve computational flow analysis with boundary layer and leaflet contact representationComputational thermal multi-phase flow for metal additive manufacturingThis volume will be a valuable resource for early-career researchers and students - not only those interested in computational FSI and flow simulation, but also other fields of engineering and science, including fluid mechanics, solid mechanics, and computational mathematics - as it will provide them with inspiration and guidance for conducting their own successful research. It will also be of interest to senior researchers looking to learn more about successful research led by those under 40 and possibly offer collaboration to these researchers.

Regulation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene.- Superoxide anion release from inducible nitric oxide synthase.- Direct and indirect modulation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase by nitric oxide: feedback mechanisms in inflammation.- Nitric oxide regulation of eicosanoid production.- Local and systemic inflammation: role of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase activation by reactive nitrogen species.- Nitric oxide regulation of leukocyte adhesion molecule expression.- Nitric oxide and leukocyte recruitment.- Nitric oxide regulation of lymphocyte function.- Role of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in arthritis.- Role of nitric oxide in chronic gut inflammation.- Nitric oxide and inflammatory disorders of the skin.- Roles of nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and ischemic preconditioning.- Nitric oxide and myocarditis.- Nitric oxide in shock: sepsis and hemorrhage.- Nitric oxide as a mediator of interleukin-2 induced cardiovascular toxicity and antitumor activity.

Metallothionein nomenclature and structure.- Nomenclature of metallothionein: Proposal for a revision.- Metallothionein: Molecular evolution and classification.- Structural and biological studies on native bovine Cu, Zn-metallothionein-3.- Circular dichroism, emission, and exafs studies of Ag(I), Cd(II), Cu(I), and Hg(II) binding to metallothioneins and modeling the metal binding site.- Metallothionein structure update.- Simulation of Zn/Cd binding in mammalian metallothionein domains.- The growth inhibitory activity of metallothionein-3 correlates with its novel ? domain sequence rather than metal binding properties.- Recombinant synthesis and metal-binding abilities of mouse metallothionein 1 and its ?- and ?-domains.- Biochemical characterization of monomeric and dimeric cadmium-substituted metallothionein-3.- Chemical and analytical aspects of metallothionein.- Mammalian metallothionein sub-isoform separation by RP-HPLC with on-line UV and electrochemical detection.- Characterisation of mammalian Cd, Zn metallothioneins using differential pulse polarography.- Comparison of CZE and MECC separations of MT isoforms.- Synthetic peptides and domains of metallothionein for structure function studies: rabbit liver peptide MT-IIA 49-61 and lobster MT ?N ?C and ?C?N domains.- Voltammetric methods in isolation and identification of plant metallothioneins from alga Chlorella.- Characterization of isometallothioneins in Chang liver cells and the transient accumulation of metallothionein and glutathione during cell proliferation.- Quantification of cytosolic metallothionein contents by a developed assay system using immobilized antibody.- Protein engineering of metallothionein to study on the metal-binding ability.- Metal binding proteins: Molecular engineering of improvements in metal specificity.- Molecular splicing of metallothionein - study on domains of metallothionein.- Metallothionein in non-mammalian tissues.- Involvement of metallothionein in female squirrelfish reproduction.- Accumulation of untranslated metallothionein mRNA in antarctic hemoglobinless fish (icefish).- Structure and function of metallothionein isoforms in terrestrial snails.- Functional and regulatory aspects of teleost metallothionein.- Metallothionein induction in mussels exposed to a metal mixture.- Synthesis and properties of class III metallothioneins of Schizosaccharomyces pombe in response to cadmium and zinc.- Phytochelatins (class III metallothioneins) and their desglycyl peptides induced by cadmium in root cultures of Rubia tinctorum L..- Chemical and spectroscopic properties of copper metallothionein from the copper resistant fungus Beauveria bassiana.- Transcription factors.- Metallothionein facts and frustrations.- Liver degeneration and embryonic lethality in mouse null mutants for the metal-responsive transcriptional activator MTF-1.- New insights into the mechanisms of cadmium regulation of mouse metallothionein-I gene expression.- Activation of mouse metallothionein I promoter by cadmium in human neuroblastoma cells.- Transcription factors involved in heavy metal regulation of the human metallothionein-IIA gene.- Transcriptional regulation of the gene encoding mouse metallothionein-3 and its expression in the organs of the reproductive system.- Dynamic regulation of yeast metallothionein gene transcription via metalloregulatory signaling factors.- Metal regulation of mammalian metal responsive element (MRE) binding proteins.- Metallothionein and hormone responsiveness.- Synergistic activation of mouse metallothionein-I gene by interleukin-6 and glucocorticoid.- Hammerhead ribozymes mediated down-regulation of rat metallothionein mrnas expression.- Inactivation of metal-induced metallothionein gene expression by protein kinase C inhibitor.- Cadmium-induced metallothionein expression and metallothionein mRNA in mice.- Role of metallothionein in reproduction, development and cell proliferation.- The nuclear-cytoplasmic presence of metallothion..