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Excerpt: ... circulation by the patrons of these dens was also an attractive item, as Shanghai sees things. The prevailing opinion among the foreigners of ?the settlement? was simply and flatly that the settlement could not afford to close the dens. The leading English newspaper hastened to defend the sordid attitude of the council by explaining that, as the licenses were issued for a year, they had no right to close the places, at least before the spring of 1908. Pg 114 The interesting and significant fact is that while this miserable condition of affairs was allowed to drag along in the international settlement, where the white men rule, the Chinese native city, immediately adjoining, was strictly enforcing the anti-opium edicts. The Chinese authorities went about the enforcement in a thoroughly effective manner. The date set for the closing of the dens was May 22, 1907. There was some fear that the closing down might precipitate a riot, and, accordingly, the authorities took measures to keep the populace in hand. Chinese soldiers were placed on guard at the places where crowds would be most likely to gather, the dens were quietly closed, padlocked, and the shutters put up; and red signs, calling attention to the imperial edict prohibiting opium, were pasted up on doors or shutters. It was quite evident that the proprietors of these dens took the enforcement most seriously. Some of them went immediately into other lines of business; others made their places over into tea-houses. IN AN OPIUM DEN, SHANGHAI OPIUM SMOKING So at Shanghai the Chinese warfare on the ?foreign smoke? was waged earnestly and effectively in the native city. The Chinese Pg 115 authorities closed the dens-permanently, it seems fair to believe. And the only result of their heroic action,-and it is an heroic action to suppress a prosperous and thoroughly established branch of commerce in any city,-the only result was that the opium business went...

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 30. Chapters: RS-232, Musical Instrument Digital Interface, S/PDIF, List of device bit rates, Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, Advanced Computing Environment, OMA Device Management, Intelligent Platform Management Interface, MADI, Open Platform Management Architecture, MPU-401, Host controller interface, SFF-SIG, ETX, SES-2 Enclosure Management, Advanced RISC Computing, COM Express, Qseven, CoreExpress, Unified Power Format, CEA-936-A. Excerpt: This is a list of device bit rates, or physical layer information rates, net bit rates, useful bit rates, peak bit rates or digital bandwidth capacity, at which digital interfaces of computer peripheral equipment and network devices can communicate over various kinds of buses and networks. The distinction can be arbitrary between a bus, which is inside a box and usually relies on many parallel wires, and a communications network cable, which is external, between boxes and rarely relies on more than four wires. Many device interfaces or protocols (e.g. SATA, USB, SCSI, PCI and a few variants of Ethernet) are used both inside many-device boxes, such as a PC, and one-device-boxes, such as a hard drive enclosure. Accordingly, this page lists both the internal ribbon and external communications cable standards together in one sortable table. Most of the listed rates are theoretical maximum throughput measures; in practice, the actual effective throughput is almost inevitably lower in proportion to the load from other devices (network/bus contention), interframe gap, and other overhead in data link layer protocols etc. The maximum goodput¿for example, the file transfer rate¿may be even lower due to higher layer protocol overhead and data packet retransmissions caused by line noise or interference such as crosstalk, or lost packets in congested intermediate network nodes. All protocols lose something, and the more robust ones that deal resiliently with very many failure situations tend to lose more maximum throughput to get higher total long term rates. Device interfaces where one bus transfers data via another will be limited to the throughput of the slowest interface, at best. For instance, SATA 6G controllers on one PCIe 5G channel will be limited to the 5G rate and have to employ more channels to get around this problem. Early implementations of new protocols very often have this kind of problem. The physical phenomena on which the device relies (such as spinning platt