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Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 47. Chapters: Toru Takemitsu, Fumio Hayasaka, Akira Ifukube, Toshi Ichiyanagi, Mari Takano, Akira Miyoshi, Minoru Miki, Karen Tanaka, Hikaru Hayashi, Yoshir¿ Irino, Toshiro Mayuzumi, Dai Fujikura, Hidemaro Konoye, Kosaku Yamada, Makoto Shinohara, Ken-Ichiro Kobayashi, Sadao Bekku, Yoritsune Matsudaira, Toshio Hosokawa, Takashi Yoshimatsu, Jo Kondo, Yasuhide Ito, Keiko Abe, Yasushi Akutagawa, Takekuni Hirayoshi, Ushio Torikai, Maki Ishii, Ikuma Dan, Kaoru Wada, Yoshihisa Taira, Ry¿hei Hirose, Teizo Matsumura, Kikuko Kanai, Hisato Ohzawa, Mayako Kubo, Kiyoshige Koyama, Masamichi Amano, Shin-ichiro Ikebe, Shigeaki Saegusa, Roh Ogura, Yasuji Kiyose, Y¿ji Takahashi, Hiroshi Ohguri, Jun Nagao, Junko Mori, Joji Yuasa, Keiko Fujiie, Somei Satoh, Kazuko Hara, Kan Ishii, Makiko Kinoshita, Mamoru Fujieda, Akio Yashiro, Nagako Konishi, Kunihiko Hashimoto, Haruna Miyake, Tomojir¿ Ikenouchi, Akira Nishimura, Takatomi Nobunaga, Makoto Moroi, Hifumi Shimoyama, Kimi Sato, Kikuko Masumoto, Yuzo Toyama, Ko Matsushita, Kazuo Yamada, Ken It¿. Excerpt: Toru Takemitsu Takemitsu T¿ru, October 8, 1930 ¿ February 20, 1996) was a Japanese composer and writer on aesthetics and music theory. Largely self-taught, Takemitsu possessed consummate skill in the subtle manipulation of instrumental and orchestral timbre. He drew from a wide range of influences, including jazz, popular music, avant-garde procedures and traditional Japanese music, in a harmonic idiom largely derived from the music of Claude Debussy and Olivier Messiaen. In 1958, his Requiem for strings (1957) gained international attention, led to several commissions from across the world and settled his reputation as one of the leading Japanese composers of the 20th century. He was the recipient of numerous awards, commissions and honours; he composed over 100 film scores and about 130 concert works for ensembles of various sizes and combinations. He also found time to write a detective novel and appeared frequently on Japanese television as a celebrity chef. In the foreword to a selection of Takemitsu's writings in English, conductor Seiji Ozawa writes: "I am very proud of my friend Toru Takemitsu. He is the first Japanese composer to write for a world audience and achieve international recognition." Takemitsu was born in Tokyo on October 8, 1930; a month later his family moved to Dalian in the Chinese province then known as Manchuria. He returned to Japan to attend elementary school, but his education was cut short by military conscription in 1944. Takemitsu described his experience of military service at such a young age, under the Japanese Nationalist government, as "... extremely bitter". Takemitsu first became really conscious of Western classical music (which was banned in Japan during the war) during his term of military service, in the form of a popular French Song ("Parlez-moi d'amour") which he listened to with colleagues in secret, played on a gramophone with a makeshift needle fashioned from bamboo. During the post-war U.S. occupation of Japan, Takem

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 41. Chapters: 10.2 surround sound, 22.2 surround sound, 5.1 surround sound, 7.1 surround sound, Ambiophonics, Ambisonics, Ambisonic decoding, Ambisonic UHJ format, Center channel, Dolby Atmos, Dolby Digital, Dolby Pro Logic, Dolby Surround 7.1, DTS (sound system), Height channels, MP3 Surround, Quadraphonic sound, Sony Dynamic Digital Sound, Surround channels, Virtual surround. Excerpt: Ambisonics is a series of recording and replay techniques using multichannel mixing technology that can be used live or in the studio. By encoding and decoding sound information on a number of channels, a 2-dimensional ("planar", or horizontal-only) or 3-dimensional ("periphonic", or full-sphere) sound field can be presented. Ambisonics was invented by Michael Gerzon of the Mathematical Institute, Oxford, who ¿ with Professor Peter Fellgett of the University of Reading, David Brown, John Wright and John Hayes of the now defunct IMF Electronics, and building on the work of other researchers ¿ developed the theoretical and practical aspects of the system in the early 1970s. Ambisonics offers a number of advantages over other surround sound systems: Ambisonics also suffers from some disadvantages: In the basic version, known as first-order Ambisonics, sound information is encoded into four channels: W, X, Y and Z. This is called Ambisonic B-format. The W channel is the non-directional mono component of the signal, corresponding to the output of an omnidirectional microphone. The X, Y and Z channels are the directional components in three dimensions. They correspond to the outputs of three figure-of-eight microphones, facing forward, to the left, and upward respectively. (Note that the fact that B-format channels are analogous to microphone configurations does not mean that Ambisonic recordings can only be made with coincident microphone arrays.) The B-format signals are based on a spherical harmonic decomposition of the soundfield and correspond to the sound pressure (W), and the three components of the pressure gradient (X, Y, and Z) (not to be confused with the related particle velocity) at a point in space. Together, these approximate the sound field on a sphere around the microphone; formally the first-order truncation of the multipole expansion. This is called "first-order" because W (the mono signal) is the zero-order information, corresponding to a sphere (const

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 51. Chapters: Alder Creek Grove, Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, Arcata Community Forest, Atwell Mill Grove, Black Mountain Grove, Calaveras Big Trees State Park, California chaparral and woodlands, California interior chaparral and woodlands, California mixed evergreen forest, California oak woodland, Cedar hemlock douglas-fir forest, Closed-cone pine forest, Converse Basin, Eastern Cascades Slopes and Foothills (ecoregion), Elfin forest, Elfin Forest Natural Area, Evans Grove, Freeman Creek, Garcia River Forest, Garfield Grove, Giant Forest, Giant Sequoia National Monument, Headwaters Forest Reserve, Kennedy Grove, King Range Wilderness, Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, List of California state forests, List of giant sequoia groves, Long Meadow Grove, Mariposa Grove, Maritime Coast Range Ponderosa Pine forests, McIntyre Grove, Mediterranean California Lower Montane Black Oak-Conifer Forest, Merced Grove, Mesquite Bosque, Monterey County reforestation, Mountain Home Grove, Muir Grove, Muir Woods National Monument, Nelder Grove, Northern California coastal forests (WWF ecoregion), Pacific temperate rain forest (WWF ecoregion), Packsaddle Grove, Ponderosa shrub forest, Redwood Grove, Redwood Mountain Grove, Sanctuary Forest, Sequoia National Forest, Sierra Nevada lower montane forest, Teakettle Experimental Forest, Tuolumne Grove. Excerpt: The following is a list of giant sequoia groves. All naturally occurring groves of giant sequoias are located in moist, unglaciated ridges and valleys of the west slope of the Sierra Nevada range in California, United States. They occur between 1370 ¿ 2000 meters (4500¿6500 ft) elevation in the northern half of the range, and 1700¿2250 m (5500¿7500 ft) in the south. Groves in the northern half of the range (north of the Kings River) are widely scattered and mostly small, while those south of the Kings River are more numerous. The total area of all the groves combined is approximately 14,416 ha (35,607 acres). The groves are listed from north to south in the list below. This list is based on five different sources, with slightly varying views on what constitutes a discrete grove; the differing interpretations are noted in italics. The lists of groves were compiled by Rundel (1972; recognizing 75 groves), Flint (1987; recognizing 65 groves), Willard (1994; recognizing 65 groves), the Giant Sequoia National Monument Visitor's Guide (2003) and the Draft Giant Sequoia National Monument Plan 2010. Currently, the U.S. National Park Service cites Rundel's total of 75 groves in its visitor publications. The updated lists from Willard and Flint are now known to be more accurate, therefore some of Rundel's 75 groves have been removed from this list. Below compiles a list of 68 sequoia groves. The 16 groves in the Kings River watershed are in Kings Canyon National Park (KCNP), the northern section of Giant Sequoia National Monument (GSNM), or Sequoia National Forest (SeNF), in southernmost Fresno County and Tulare County: The 23 groves in the Kaweah River watershed are all in Sequoia National Park or in private ownership, except the northernmost in Sequoia National Forest & Kings Canyon National Park: The 21 groves in the Tule River and Kern River watersheds are mostly in Giant Sequoia National Monument, with some areas in Sequoia National Park, Mountain Home Demonstration Stat

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 99. Chapters: Abyssinian Grass Rat, African buffalo, African bush elephant, African wild ass, Ammodile, Asian house shrew, Awash Multimammate Mouse, Bailey's shrew, Bale Mountains vervet, Bale shrew, Banded mongoose, Bat-eared fox, Big-headed mole rat, Black-clawed Brush-furred Rat, Blick's Grass Rat, Bohor reedbuck, Bushbuck, Common duiker, Common eland, Common tsessebe, Dibatag, Dorcas gazelle, East African mole rat, Ethiopian Amphibious Rat, Ethiopian Big-eared Bat, Ethiopian Forest Brush-furred Rat, Ethiopian highland hare, Ethiopian Mylomys, Ethiopian Narrow-headed Rat, Ethiopian striped mouse, Ethiopian Thicket Rat, Ethiopian White-footed Mouse, Ethiopian wolf, Ethiopian Woolly Bat, Gelada, Gerenuk, Giant forest hog, Glass's shrew, Grant's gazelle, Gray-tailed Narrow-headed Rat, Greater kudu, Grévy's zebra, Grivet, Ground pangolin, Guramba shrew, Hamadryas baboon, Harenna shrew, Harrington's Rat, Hartebeest, Kéwel, Klipspringer, Kob, Lesser kudu, List of mammals of Ethiopia, Lovat's Climbing Mouse, Lucina's shrew, MacMillan's shrew, Mantled guereza, Mountain Nyala, Mountain reedbuck, Nikolaus's mouse, Nile lechwe, Nubian ibex, Olive baboon, Oribi, Petra Fruit Bat, Red-fronted gazelle, Reticulated Giraffe, Roan antelope, Rupp's mouse, Salt's dik-dik, Scott's mouse-eared bat, Short-tailed Brush-furred Rat, Swayne's Hartebeest, Thalia's Shrew, Typical Vlei Rat, Walia ibex, Warthog, Waterbuck, White rhinoceros, Yalden's Rat. Excerpt: The white rhinoceros or square-lipped rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) is one of the five species of rhinoceros that exist. It has a wide mouth used for grazing and is the most social of all rhino species. The white rhinoceros consists of two subspecies: the southern white rhinoceros, with an estimated 17,460 wild-living animals at the end of 2007 (IUCN 2008), and the much rarer northern white rhinoceros. The northern subspecies has very few remaining, with seven confirmed individuals left (including those in captivity). White rhino in Murchison Falls National Park, UgandaA popular theory of the origins of the name "white rhinoceros" is a mistranslation from Dutch to English. The English word "white" is said to have been derived by mistranslation of the Dutch word "wijd", which means "wide" in English. The word "wide" refers to the width of the rhinoceros' mouth. So early English-speaking settlers in South Africa misinterpreted the "wijd" for "white" and the rhino with the wide mouth ended up being called the white rhino and the other one, with the narrow pointed mouth, was called the black rhinoceros. Ironically, Dutch (and Afrikaans) later used a calque of the English word, and now also call it a white rhino. This suggests the origin of the word was before codification by Dutch writers. A review of Dutch and Afrikaans literature about the rhinoceros has failed to produce any evidence that the word wijd was ever used to describe the rhino outside of oral use. Other popular theories suggest the name comes from its wide appearance throughout Africa, its color due to wallowing in calcareous soil or bird droppings or because of the lighter colour of its horn. An alternative name for the white rhinoceros, more accurate but rarely used, is the square-lipped rhinoceros. The white rhinoceros' generic name, Ceratotherium, given by the zoologist John Edward Gray in 1868, is derived from the Greek terms keras (¿¿¿¿¿) "horn" and therion (¿¿¿¿¿¿) "beast". Simum, is derived from