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The nervous system allows us to move, feel, and think, and it is involved in nearly all of the functions of the human body. Nerves communicate signals between the brain and muscles, allowing us to move our hands and feet. Or, they relay messages about the environment through touch, taste, sight, and smell. Nerves can also communicate information about how we are feeling at any particular time and help to maintain homeostasis, or a stable state of equilibrium. The Nervous System, Third Edition discusses the development and organization of this diverse system, its functions, and potential injuries and complications. Packed with full-color photographs and illustrations, this absorbing book provides students with sufficient background information through references, websites, and a bibliography.

The landmark Chelsea House Library of Literary Criticism, first published in the 1980s, is one of the most impressive collections of literary criticism ever produced. It is now available in digital format for the first time. This volume of the series provides excerpts and full-length critical essays on the playwright Edward Albee.

The September 11, 2001, terror attacks orchestrated by al-Qaeda prompted the United States to declare a "War on Terror." When the Taliban government of Afghanistan refused to extradite al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, an American-led coalition went to war with Afghanistan, overthrowing the Taliban government. America eventually captured and killed bin Laden, but the battle against the Taliban dragged on, while a war-torn and ravaged Afghanistan struggled to rebuild. Finally--20 years after the 9/11 attacks--American and coalition forces withdrew from Afghanistan, and the Taliban took back control of the country. Afghanistan War, Third Edition features an account of the battles, weapons, tactics, and people involved in this conflict. Complete with full-color and black-and-white photographs and illustrations, full-color maps, and other further resources, Afghanistan War, Third Edition is suited for middle and high school students seeking unbiased information about U.S. military history.

Much like the nervous system, the endocrine system relays important communication signals throughout the body. The endocrine system uses chemical signals known as hormones, which are produced and stored in special glands in the body. Different glands produce specialized hormones and release them into the bloodstream. From there, these hormones can travel directly to the tissues and organs and help regulate bodily functions. In The Endocrine System, Third Edition, learn how this chemical messaging system is vital to the body's growth, metabolism, and sexual development. Packed with full-color photographs and illustrations, this absorbing book provides students with sufficient background information through references, websites, and a bibliography.

The amazing complexity of human anatomy and physiology is dependent upon its single most basic unit: the cell. Humans can attribute their overall health to homeostasis, the balance of activity within properly functioning cells. Additionally, cells are affected by the food we eat along with the microscopic entities that make us ill. Cells and Human Health, Third Edition covers how cells work to maintain human health and immunity as well as the history of cell discovery and the basics of cellular activity. Readers will also learn the processes of illnesses and corresponding genetics that compromise a cell's proper activity in the human being.

Digestion is the process of taking food and nutrients into the body and making them available for use in all of the body's processes. The digestive system breaks down food and extracts the important nutrients, eliminating the excess substances that cannot be used. These nutrients provide energy for the body to grow, function, and make repairs to itself. Digestion and Nutrition, Third Edition describes the path that food takes through the system, the organs involved, and how the body uses different types of nutrients, while highlighting the importance of healthy eating and the problems and diseases that can affect the digestive tract. Packed with full-color photographs and illustrations, this absorbing book provides students with sufficient background information through references, websites, and a bibliography.

The human body's sense organs are its physical link between the brain and the surrounding environment. Our senses of sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing allow us to interact with and adapt to the ever-changing world that surrounds us. The Senses, Third Edition gives an introduction to the intricate structures and functions of the body's sense organs, and examines some of the most common diseases that affect these organs. Readers will learn how even a temporary problem with one of the senses can dramatically affect how our bodies perceive the world. Packed with full-color photographs and illustrations, this absorbing book provides students with sufficient background information through references, websites, and a bibliography.

Organisms reproduce to ensure the continued survival of their respective species. For humans, our ability to produce offspring and contribute to genetic variability in the world is made possible by our body's reproductive system. In The Reproductive System, Third Edition, learn how the development of the reproductive systems in both males and females depends on the delicate and coordinated balance of genetic makeup, hormones, and the nervous system. Also examined are the reproductive systems of males and females, and how the body develops from conception through puberty and into maturity. Packed with full-color photographs and illustrations, this absorbing book provides students with sufficient background information through references, websites, and a bibliography.

The skeletal and muscular systems not only allow us to move and stand tall, but they are also involved in protecting the body, allowing it to grow, and performing subconscious activities such as breathing and the beating of the heart. The heart, an organ made of muscle, distributes blood that lets other systems of the body function. These complex systems work together to achieve many essential bodily functions. In The Skeletal and Muscular Systems, Third Edition, learn how these two systems interact to keep the human body alive and in motion. Packed with full-color photographs and illustrations, this absorbing book provides students with sufficient background information through references, websites, and a bibliography.

For centuries, India was the crown jewel of the British Empire, full of natural resources, spices and foods, and well-situated for access to the Asian ports. Great Britain maintained its hold on the subcontinent until 1947, when India was granted its independence. The battle for an independent India took place on many levels and in numerous ways, both peaceful and violent. Mohandas Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah led the movement for a free India. Yet the common quest for liberation pitted these leaders against one another and caused the partitioning of the subcontinent into the nations of India and Pakistan, sparking one of the most turbulent and deadly migrations of populations in history. Illustrated with full-color and black-and-white photographs, and accompanied by a chronology, bibliography, and further resources The Indian Independence Act of 1947, Updated Edition, continues to impact the world in terms of politics, religion, and culture. Historical spotlights and excerpts from primary source documents are also included.

On the morning of June 6, 1944, the largest and most powerful armada of warships the world had ever seen left southern England bound for the beaches of Normandy. The thousands of American, British, Canadian, Polish, and Norwegian soldiers on board had one mission: invade France and liberate it from the occupation by Nazi Germany. Over the course of the next three months, that is precisely what they, and the Free French troops who would later join them, did. From the sands of beaches code-named Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword, through the nearly impenetrable hedgerows of the Norman countryside, and on into the French capital of Paris, the Allied armies drove forward to victory against fierce German opposition. Illustrated with full-color and black-and-white photographs, and accompanied by a chronology, bibliography, and further resources, D-Day and the Liberation of France, Updated Edition provides a clear and comprehensive account of this remarkable struggle to determine the fate of Western Europe during World War II. Historical spotlights and excerpts from primary source documents are also included.

On the morning of September 11, 2001, 19 terrorists hijacked four commercial aircraft and crashed two of them into the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center complex in New York City. A third plane crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia. After learning about the other attacks, passengers on the fourth hijacked plane, Flight 93, fought back, and the plane was crashed into an empty field in western Pennsylvania about 20 minutes by air from Washington, D.C. The Twin Towers ultimately collapsed, due to the damage from the impacts and subsequent fires. Nearly 3,000 people were killed from 93 different countries. It was the worst attack on American soil since the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941. A detailed account of these events--plus the history that led up to them, and America's response--can be found in 9/11: The Attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.

The State of Israel was born on May 14, 1948, in the city of Tel Aviv, in what was then officially known as Palestine. The new Jewish state was founded 2,000 years after Palestine's Roman conquerors exiled the Jews from the land they had once ruled as the Kingdom of Israel and less than 50 years after Jewish immigrants began returning to their ancient homeland as part of the Zionist movement. Within hours of Israel's establishment, armies of the five neighboring Arab countries had already begun assembling along the new nation's borders. The next morning, Egyptian, Jordanian, Syrian, Iraqi, and Lebanese troops invaded, launching the first in a series of conflicts between Israel and its Arab neighbors. Illustrated with full-color and black-and-white photographs, and accompanied by a chronology, bibliography, and further resources, The Establishment of the State of Israel, Updated Edition explains how this conflict has affected the history of the region and the Middle East peace process. Historical spotlights and excerpts from primary source documents are also included.

When the United Nations General Assembly approved the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in December 1948, it was hailed as a major advancement for humanity. In the aftermath of the horrors of World War II, nations around the world worked together for the first time in history to affirm the importance of human life and dignity. Illustrated with full-color and black-and-white photographs, and accompanied by a chronology, bibliography, and further resources, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Updated Edition details how the Declaration was written through the tireless efforts of the drafting committee and of the Human Rights Commission, composed of former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt of the United States, René Cassin of France, Charles Malik of Lebanon, P.C. Chang of China, and John Humphrey of Canada. Readers will learn how the essential tenets of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights have continued to guide the global human rights movement for decades. Historical spotlights and excerpts from primary source documents are also included.

As one of history's most horrific political upheavals, the Cultural Revolution began in 1966, when the Chinese Communist Party officially launched the radical movement on the orders of its autocratic chairman, Mao Zedong. He intended for the movement to revitalize China's revolutionary fervor while simultaneously accelerating the country's evolution into a true communist utopia. China's young people became the advance guard for this new revolution, forming themselves into paramilitary Red Guard units. These adolescent shock troops humiliated, beat, and murdered teachers, intellectuals, local party officials, and others whom they judged to be insufficiently devoted to Mao and his radical ideals. By the time the Cultural Revolution finally ended in 1976, it had claimed the lives of some 3 to 4 million Chinese and left many millions more physically or psychologically scarred. Illustrated with full-color and black-and-white photographs, and accompanied by a chronology, bibliography, and further resources, The Chinese Cultural Revolution, Updated Edition provides a clear and comprehensive account of how this sweeping policy changed the course of Chinese history in the 20th century. Historical spotlights and excerpts from primary source documents are also included.

Praise for the previous edition: "...presents a great deal of very useful information in a concise and entertaining way...a wonderful addition to a science classroom library or useful as reference or enrichment material..."--NSTA RecommendsEnergy is the central concept of physics. Unable to be created or destroyed but transformable from one form to another, energy ultimately determines what is and isn't possible in our universe. Energy, Third Edition gives readers an appreciation for the limits of energy and the quantities of energy in the world around them. This fascinating eBook explores the major forms of energy: kinetic, potential, electrical, chemical, thermal, and nuclear. Each succinct chapter is centralized around a single quantity of energy--for instance, the potential energy in Lady Liberty's torch or the chemical energy in a bag of sugar--making Energy, Third Edition a uniquely engaging resource for physics students.

On Earth, nothing is still. Mountains rise and fall. Tides ebb and flow. Even the continents themselves are on the move. Beneath the surface, a restless engine powers earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the shifting of continents. Above ground, the sun causes the wind to howl, rain to pour, rivers to churn, and oceans to swell with waves. Processes That Shape the Earth, Third Edition surveys these forces and the ways they sculpt the planet. The modern theory of plate tectonics is introduced, along with other pertinent topics in physical geology. Several chapters add relevant historical context, presenting readers with fascinating discussions of Earth's origin, its history over billions of years, and the recent changes that have resulted from human activity.

The term motion means a change in the position of a body with respect to time, as measured by a particular observer in a particular frame of reference. Until the end of the nineteenth century, Isaac Newton's laws of motion, which he posited as axioms or postulates in his famous Principia, were the basis of what has since become known as classical physics. Filled with full-color and detailed figures, Forces and Motion, Third Edition explores these scientific topics and looks at how physics, through simple and general concepts, affects the way people live and how the world around them works. Each chapter focuses on a single aspect of force and motion, explaining these laws in accessible terms of the modern world.

One way to understand the world is by looking at its most basic building blocks. All the substances in the world are made up of atoms, which interact with each other by exchanging or sharing electrons. All atoms can be organized into the periodic table of elements, which groups atoms by their chemical properties. Deep within the atom lies the nucleus, which itself contains the elementary particles called quarks. By building powerful particle accelerators and enormous detectors, physicists are able to probe the most fundamental constituents of matter.Filled with full-color photographs and illustrations and bolstered by its readable text and helpful references, The Nature of Matter, Third Edition is a compelling guide that identifies the essential qualities and characteristics by which matter is recognized.

The attempt to understand the universe's seemingly endless mysteries involves a process of discovery that can evoke fascination, frustration, and continual wonder and amazement. Planets, Stars, and Galaxies, Third Edition takes readers on an incredible full-color journey through the vast universe. This engaging title tackles the questions students studying science are eager to know: How large is the universe? Is it infinite or finite? What is its structure? Is it possible to visit other worlds, and if so, what similarities might they bear to our own world?

On January 16, 1979, the shah of Iran left the country he had ruled for more than 37 years. The streets of Tehran, Iran's capital, filled with celebration as the news spread that the hated monarchy had been overthrown. The revolution in Iran, led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, was sparked by many factors, including a widening gap between the different classes of Iranian society, an aggressive campaign of modernization, an ambitious program of land reform, and the brutality of the shah's oppressive regime. Illustrated with full-color and black-and-white photographs, and accompanied by a chronology, bibliography, and further resources, The Iranian Revolution, Updated Edition explains how the revolution's role in propelling Iran from a monarchy to a theocracy dramatically altered life in Iran, and how its aftermath continues to shape the politics of the Middle East today. Historical spotlights and excerpts from primary source documents are also included.

Plants may seem like simple organisms, but their complex systems for food production, reproduction, and protection make them some of the most highly adapted living things on the planet. From the arctic tundra to the tropical rainforests, plants dominate the land and produce the energy necessary to sustain life on Earth. Plant Cells, Third Edition investigates these amazing organisms and explores how they have provided cures for some of today's deadliest diseases. Plants may also play a vital role in helping to solve some of the world's most pressing problems, such as air pollution, nonrenewable resource consumption, and food shortages. From low-lying mosses to massive redwoods more than 30 stories high, plants all have one thing in common: They all began life as a single cell.

Composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, the circulatory system delivers oxygen and nutrients to every tissue in the body. At the center of this incredibly complex system is the heart, a strong muscle that continuously pumps blood throughout the body. Striving to promote a basic understanding of the fundamental physical and biological principles underlying circulatory functions, The Circulatory System, Third Edition describes the anatomical features of the system and examines how it responds to a broad range of challenges, such as increased activity, the microgravity of space, and hemorrhage. Packed with full-color photographs and illustrations, this absorbing book provides students with sufficient background information through references, websites, and a bibliography.

Praise for the previous edition: "...well-developed...clear and detailed...useful at the secondary level in health and anatomy classes and for research...Recommended."--Library Media ConnectionBreathing is essential to human survival, as it gives us the necessary oxygen we need to live. Yet the act of respiration is an involuntary process, something many people do not think about on a day-to-day basis. The Respiratory System, Third Edition explains how we get air into our lungs, how our bodies use that air, and the fundamental physical and biological principles underlying respiratory function. In addition, this essential title examines several respiratory diseases and how they affect the body as a whole. Packed with full-color photographs and illustrations, this absorbing book provides students with sufficient background information through references, websites, and suggested reading for further study.

Praise for the previous edition: SSLI "Honor Book," Science, Grades 7-12 category--Society of School Librarians InternationalThe immune system is crucial to the normal functioning of the human body. As the body's "military," it prevents invaders from entering and destroys those who slip past its defenses. The Immune System, Third Edition discusses the human body's fundamental defense system, from its component parts to what happens when the body's defenses are breached. Common and uncommon immune disorders are also discussed, as are potential new therapies to enhance or repair the immune system. Packed with full-color photographs and illustrations, this absorbing book provides students with sufficient background information through references, websites, and a bibliography.

Cells are the smallest units capable of sustaining life, and they make up virtually every aspect of the human body. From the strands of hair at the top of the head to the nails on fingers and toes, every structure of the human body is composed of cells. Groups of cells form tissues and organs, which allow the body to function as an organized system. Skin, the body's largest organ, forms a waterproof barrier that provides protection against invading microorganisms and acts as a sensory and thermoregulatory structure. Cells, Tissues, and Skin, Third Edition explores the properties of each of these components in our bodies. Packed with full-color photographs and illustrations, this absorbing book provides students with sufficient background information through references, websites, and a bibliography.

Cells are considered one of the most basic units of life, yet their structure, processes, and reproduction are intricate and complex. From plasma membranes to cell organelles to the macromolecules that are the brick and mortar of a cell, structure is an important aspect to maintain the life processes of a cell. Some of these processes, including transfer of information from DNA to RNA to protein and the control of gene expressions, are necessary functions that aid in cell reproduction. In Cell Structure, Processes, and Reproduction, Third Edition, readers will explore how the major characteristics of a cell are crucial in enabling these tiny units to carry out specialized functions in multicellular and single-celled organisms.

Since cells are the smallest of all living organisms, scientists have had to develop various methods and tools to examine and research them. In the 17th century, the microscope was invented, allowing researchers a glimpse at the cell. Today, supercomputers put cells and experiments to the test. In microbiology laboratories and cancer research centers, well-trained, dedicated scientists work to explore the science of cells, making biotechnology a continuously growing field. In How Scientists Research Cells, Third Edition, learn how the first discovery of cells led to the first cloned mammal and additional scientific advancements.

For a hundred years after the end of the Civil War, a quarter of all Americans lived under a system of legalized segregation called Jim Crow. Together with its rigidly enforced canon of racial "etiquette," these rules governed nearly every aspect of life--and outlined draconian punishments for infractions. The purpose of Jim Crow was to keep African Americans subjugated at a level as close as possible to their former slave status. Exceeding even South Africa's notorious apartheid in the humiliation, degradation, and suffering it brought, Jim Crow left scars on the American psyche that are still felt today. The Era of Jim Crow examines and explains Jim Crow from its beginnings to its end: how it came into being, how it was lived, how it was justified, and how, at long last, it was overcome only a few short decades ago.

Some 3.8 billion years ago, in an era of churning seas and murky skies, a few chemicals combined under the right conditions, and life emerged on planet Earth. From that first cell, life progressed to a myriad of one-celled organisms, to organisms capable of photosynthesis, to multicellular organisms, to simple plant and animal forms, up to the complex life-forms we know today. The Evolution of Cells, Third Edition traces these developments and how they may have occurred, through the scientific study of fossils, relationships among organisms, biochemistry of current life-forms, genetic sequencing, and laboratory experiments. Readers will also explore the complexity of cells and the ways science is making use of internal cell mechanisms for new discoveries in sustainable energy sources, cleaning up pollution, improving the food supply, and treating disease.