Bøger udgivet af Chemical Publishing Co Inc.,U.S.

PREFACE - This encyclopedia is an attempt to coordinate and unify practical information on plastic, polymer, and resin trademark products. These categories overlap, i.e., plastics are a subset of polymers, and resins are often, but not always, polymers. However, it has been our aim to give the user of this compilation fingertip availability to a large quantity of essential information about these products. This three-volume compendium has been made possible through the cooperation of the major national and international plastic, polymer, and resin manufacturers. The information provided here has been gleaned from thousands of brochures, technical bulletins, and data sheets, but the extent of the information provided for each product has been limited by the amount of data given to us by the manufacturers. Whenever possible and/or appropriate, we have given the chemical description, applications, form and color, general, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of each product. With the state of technological growth in these industries constantly increasing, this encyclopedia should serve as an important tool for chemists, engineers, and salespeople here and abroad. We want to extend our thanks to Roberta Dakan for her tireless efforts in helping make this encyclopedia as accurate and consistent as possible. It should be noted that when the temperatures of properties such as viscosity, density, solubility, etc. are not included, a standard temperature of 25 C is to be assumed. The information in this publication is reliable to the best of our knowledge. We would appreciate being informed of any errors or omissions so that these can be integrated into subsequent editions of this encyclopedia.

PREFACE - This encyclopedia is an attempt to coordinate and unify practical information on plastic, polymer, and resin trademark products. These categories overlap, i.e., plastics are a subset of polymers, and resins are often, but not always, polymers. However, it has been our aim to give the user of this compilation fingertip availability to a large quantity of essential information about these products. This three-volume compendium has been made possible through the cooperation of the major national and international plastic, polymer, and resin manufacturers. The information provided here has been gleaned from thousands of brochures, technical bulletins, and data sheets, but the extent of the information provided for each product has been limited by the amount of data given to us by the manufacturers. Whenever possible and/or appropriate, we have given the chemical description, applications, form and color, general, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of each product. With the state of technological growth in these industries constantly increasing, this encyclopedia should serve as an important tool for chemists, engineers, and salespeople here and abroad. We want to extend our thanks to Roberta Dakan for her tireless efforts in helping make this encyclopedia as accurate and consistent as possible. It should be noted that when the temperatures of properties such as viscosity, density, solubility, etc. are not included, a standard temperature of 25 C is to be assumed. The information in this publication is reliable to the best of our knowledge. We would appreciate being informed of any errors or omissions so that these can be integrated into subsequent editions of this encyclopedia.

PREFACE - This encyclopedia is an attempt to coordinate and unify practical information on plastic, polymer, and resin trademark products. These categories overlap, i.e., plastics are a subset of polymers, and resins are often, but not always, polymers. However, it has been our aim to give the user of this compilation fingertip availability to a large quantity of essential information about these products. This three-volume compendium has been made possible through the cooperation of the major national and international plastic, polymer, and resin manufacturers. The information provided here has been gleaned from thousands of brochures, technical bulletins, and data sheets, but the extent of the information provided for each product has been limited by the amount of data given to us by the manufacturers. Whenever possible and/or appropriate, we have given the chemical description, applications, form and color, general, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of each product. With the state of technological growth in these industries constantly increasing, this encyclopedia should serve as an important tool for chemists, engineers, and salespeople here and abroad. We want to extend our thanks to Roberta Dakan for her tireless efforts in helping make this encyclopedia as accurate and consistent as possible. It should be noted that when the temperatures of properties such as viscosity, density, solubility, etc. are not included, a standard temperature of 25 C is to be assumed. The information in this publication is reliable to the best of our knowledge. We would appreciate being informed of any errors or omissions so that these can be integrated into subsequent editions of this encyclopedia.

PREFACE - This comprehensive, modem encyclopedia of surfactant products has been compiled with the cooperation of the major national and international surfactant manufacturers in order to give the user quick and thorough information on each tradename product that is included. Information from thousands of brochures, technical bulletins, and data sheets has been gleaned in order to make a complete profile on each surfactant product available from one source-this three volume compendium. Though sometimes limited by the information provided by the manufacturers, in most instances, the chemical ingredients, properties, form, applications, etc. of each product are discussed in detail. The use of surfactants pervades almost every chemical industrial concern- including textiles, paints, pesticides, foods, cosmetics, pharamceuticals, etc. We hope that because of the universality of surfactants, this reference work will be able to serve as a useful tool to the many chemical engineers and salespeople here and abroad. We want to extend our thanks to Roberta Dakan for her dedication and tireless efforts in helping make this encyclopedia as accurate and consistent as possible. When the temperature at which properties such as viscosity, density, surface tension; solubilities, etc. is not included, a standard temperature of 25 C is to be assumed. The information in this publication is reliable to the best of our knowledge. We would be glad to be informed of any errors or omissions so that these can be integrated into subsequent editions of this encyclopedia.

PREFACE - This comprehensive, modem encyclopedia of surfactant products has been compiled with the cooperation of the major national and international surfactant manufacturers in order to give the user quick and thorough information on each tradename product that is included. Information from thousands of brochures, technical bulletins, and data sheets has been gleaned in order to make a complete profile on each surfactant product available from one source-this three volume compendium. Though sometimes limited by the information provided by the manufacturers, in most instances, the chemical ingredients, properties, form, applications, etc. of each product are discussed in detail. The use of surfactants pervades almost every chemical industrial concern- including textiles, paints, pesticides, foods, cosmetics, pharamceuticals, etc. We hope that because of the universality of surfactants, this reference work will be able to serve as a useful tool to the many chemical engineers and salespeople here and abroad. We want to extend our thanks to Roberta Dakan for her dedication and tireless efforts in helping make this encyclopedia as accurate and consistent as possible. When the temperature at which properties such as viscosity, density, surface tension; solubilities, etc. is not included, a standard temperature of 25 C is to be assumed. The information in this publication is reliable to the best of our knowledge. We would be glad to be informed of any errors or omissions so that these can be integrated into subsequent editions of this encyclopedia.

PREFACE - This comprehensive, modem encyclopedia of surfactant products has been compiled with the cooperation of the major national and international surfactant manufacturers in order to give the user quick and thorough information on each tradename product that is included. Information from thousands of brochures, technical bulletins, and data sheets has been gleaned in order to make a complete profile on each surfactant product available from one source-this three volume compendium. Though sometimes limited by the information provided by the manufacturers, in most instances, the chemical ingredients, properties, form, applications, etc. of each product are discussed in detail. The use of surfactants pervades almost every chemical industrial concern- including textiles, paints, pesticides, foods, cosmetics, pharamceuticals, etc. We hope that because of the universality of surfactants, this reference work will be able to serve as a useful tool to the many chemical engineers and salespeople here and abroad. We want to extend our thanks to Roberta Dakan for her dedication and tireless efforts in helping make this encyclopedia as accurate and consistent as possible. When the temperature at which properties such as viscosity, density, surface tension; solubilities, etc. is not included, a standard temperature of 25 C is to be assumed. The information in this publication is reliable to the best of our knowledge. We would be glad to be informed of any errors or omissions so that these can be integrated into subsequent editions of this encyclopedia.

CONTENTS - FOREWORD I BASIC FOOD INGREDIENTS - II MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS - III CONFECTIONARY, COCOA, COFFEE AND TEA - IV DESSERT POWDERS AND PUDDINGS - V SAUCES, DRESSINGS AND PICKLES - VI FISH, FRIED FOODS, HEALTH FOOD, NUTS, BREAD, SOY PRODUCTS, BAKIKG POWDER - VII PIE FILLINGS AND PIES - VlII COOKIES, DOUGHNUTS AND CAKES - IX FLAVORS, SYRUPS AND BEVERAGES - X FRUITS AND VEGETABLES - XI CANNED GOODS - XII JELLIES AND PRESERVES - XIII PLANT SANITATION AND SANITARY FOOD CONTROL - XIV COMPOSITION OF FOODS AND PREVENTION OF CAKING - XV PRESERVATION OF FOODS BY DEHYDRATION AND FREEZING - WEIGHTS AND MEASURES - CHEMICAL GLOSSARY - ABBREVIATIONS - BIBLIOGRAPHY - INDEX - FOREWORD - This book is written for everybody interested in the preparation of food from the manufacturing plant executive, the food chemist, and the food salesman, right down to the housewife. The author's knowledge of the subject is based on scientific training and many years of practical, first-hand experience in the manufacture of foods. In addition to compiling the results of his own experience, he has included methods developed and used by other specialists in the field. Whether the food manufacturer has an old, well-established business or is just starting up a small plant, it is hoped that this book will be an essential part of his equipment. To the established manufacturer, it presents the latest developments and the newest scientific methods in the field of food production. To the beginner, it offers the fundamentals on materials and methods, without which he cannot hope to be successfuL Although the production of good, nutritious food is still an art, as it has always been, in this age of rapid scientific development and ever-increasing knowledge, it is fast becoming an exact science. The food manufacturer must plan wisely and prepare his products scientifically and with understanding. This book presents the manufacture of food as a series of operations governed by well-defined physical, chemical, and bacteriological principles which must be understood and carefully followed for good results. Here are scientific, factory-tested formulas for making hundreds of commercial food products in the canning, flavoring, beverage, confectionery, bakery, condiment, dairy, meat, fish, and allied industries. The sections on plant sanitation and food handling present the latest scientific methods of hygienic control in the food industry. The most modern developments in the fields of dehydration and freezing of fruits and vegetables are completely discussed in a comprehensive chapter on the subject.

CONTENTS - Introduction - I. Mechanism of Electrodeposition - 2. Laws and Characteristics of Plating Baths - 3. The Deposit - 4. Preparatory Steps of Plating - 5. Preparation of the Surface - 6. Cleaning - 7. Pickling - 8. Strike Plating - 9. Rinsing - 10. Anodizing - 1 I. Brass Plating - 12. Bronze Plating - 13. Cadmium Plating - 14. Chromate Coatings - 15. Chromium Plating - 16. Acid Copper Plating - 17. Copper Cyanide Baths - 18. Iron Plating - 19. Lead Plating - 20. Lead-Tin - 21. Nickel Plating - 22. Electroless Nickel - 23. Phosphate Coatings - 24. Silver Plating - 25. Acid Tin Plating - 26. Alkaline Tin Plating - 27. Tin-Nickel - 28. Tin-Zinc - 29. Acid Zinc Baths - 30. Zinc Cyanide Baths - 31. Control of a Plating Bath - 32. Plating Tests - 33. Gravity, Conductivity, and Voltage - 34. Electroplated Alloys - 35. Layer Plating - 36. Applications of Electroplating - 37. Plating Bath Troubles - 38. Continuous Plating - 39. Plating on Plastics - 40. Preparation of Metals for Painting - 41. Analytical Methods for Plating Baths - Appendix - Conversion Factors - Electrochemical Yields - Electrochemical Formulas - Electrochemical Equivalents - Single Electrode Potentials - Stripping Chart - Glossary - Index -

CONTENTS - 1 INTRODUCTION - PART 1: THE PROCESS - 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF IMPACT EXTRUSION - 3 EXTRUSION PRESSURE - 4 TOOLING FOR IMPACT EXTRUSION - 5 MATERIALS FOR TOOLS - 6 LUBRICATION - 7 HIGH ENERGY RATE FORMING - PART 2: THE PRODUCT - 8 FACTORS IN DESIGN - 9 ALUMINUM AND ALUMINUM ALLOYS - 10 LEAD, TIN, COLLAPSIBLE TUBES - 11 OTHER NONFERROUS METALS - 12 FERROUS METALS - BIBLIOGRAPHY - INDEX -

CONTENTS - I Introduction - II Nontoxic Methods and Materials as Insecticides - III Weeds - IV Weed Control - V Insects - VI Insects and Diseases of Field Crops - VII Insects and Diseases of Orchards and Vineyards - VIII Insects and Diseases in the Garden and Truckfarm - IX Pests of Ornamentals, Lawns, Flowers and Shrubs - X Household Insects and Rodents - XI Pests of Barns and Livestock - XII Insects and Diseases of Trees and Forests - Bibliography -

CONTENTS - Introduction, L. A. Underkofler and R. J. Hickey - PART I -ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION AND ITS MODIFICATIONS - 2 Alcoholic Fermentation of Grain, W. H. Stark - 3 Alcoholic Fermentation of Molasses, H. M. Hodge and F. M. Hildebrandt - 4 Alcoholic Fermentation of Sulfite Waste Liquor, J. L. McCarthy 95 5 Production of Alcohol from Wood Waste, J. F. Saeman and A. A. Andreasen - 6 The Brewing Industry, R. I. Tenney - 7 Commercial Production of Table and Dessert Wines, M. A. Joslyn and M. W. Turbovsky - 8 Glycerol, L. A. Underkofler - PART II. THE PRODUCTION OF YEAST - 9 Commercial Yeast Manufacture, R. Irvin - 10 Food and Feed Yeast, A. J. Wiley - PART III. THE BUTANOL ACETONE FERMENTATIONS - II The Butanol-Acetone Fermentations, W.N. McCutchan and R. J. Hickey - PART IV. FERMENTATIVE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC ACIDS - 12 Lactic Acid, H. H. Schopmeyer - 13 The Citric Acid Fermentation, M. J. Johnson - 14 Gluconic Acid, L. A. Underkofler - 15 Fumaric Acid, J. W. Foster - 16 Itaconic Acid, L. B. Lockwood - 17 Acetic Acid-Vinegar, R. H. Vaughn - INDEX -

Part - I 'Introduction' provides a detailed introduction on analysis of water along with parameters to be determined for each industrial use, thus helps to reduce the time required for analysis and labor involved in analysis. In Part - II 'Chemical Analysis', elaborate testing procedures for all the parameters necessary for industrial uses are given. Exclusive chapters in the beginning on 'Sampling of water' and 'Sampling of Boiler water' will provide the analyst a detailed sampling program and the important sampling points so that the analysis would be more meaningful and more useful. Detailed analytical procedure for 65 chemical parameters are given which makes this book a handy reference for carrying out analysis without any difficulty. Part - III 'Microbiological Analysis' deals with the identification and determination of the density of microbial organisms that are likely to interfere in industrial processes. To aid the analyst, separate chapters starting from the Requirement of Chemicals, Glassware and Equipment, Technics involved in Microbiological Analysis, Sampling of Water for Microbiological Examination and Preparation of Media and Reagents, to identification of specific organisms are provided with a detailed discussion. In Part - IV 'Microscopical Examination', a brief account of microscopical organisms is given. The common organisms present in water along with their habitat and significance are also dealt. This book would serve as a handy reference to all wet processing industries. This book would be helpful in multifarious ways to Analysts, Chemists, Engineers, and Managers of industries and Water Treatment Consultants, Firms engaged in Water Treatment and other personnel engaged in water analysis and water treatment. This apart, this book would also be a source book to students of Industrial Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Industrial Chemistry, Applied chemistry, Environmental Engineering and Environmental Science and other allied faculties of Colleges and Universities.

Preface ix - Acknowledgments xiii - Abbreviations xv - I. Differential Thermal Analysis Technique - II. Theory and Typical Applications 28 - II.l Theoretical Considerations 28 - II.2 Typical Applications 34 - III. Formation of Portland Cement Clinker and Polymorphism of C3S and C2S 54 - III.1 Formation of Portland Cement Clinker 54 - 111.2 Polymorphism of C3S 71 - III.3 Polymorphism of C2S 75 - IV. Hydration of Portland Cement 81 - IV.l Systems Containing CaO, AI20 a, Si02, and H20 at Ordinary Temperatures 81 - IV.2 Hydration of Portland Cement 88 V. Hydration of Individual Phases in Portland Cement 111 - V.l Hydration of C3A 111 - V.2 Hydration of C3S and B-C2S 127 - V.3 Hydration of the Ferrite Phase 135 - VI. Hydration of C3A in Presence of Salts 139 - VI.1 Hydration of C3A in Presence of Gypsum 139 - VI.2 Hydration of C3A in Presence of Lignosulfonate 155 - VI. 3 Hydration of C3A in Presence of Calcium Chloride 159 - VI.4 Hydration of C3A in Presence of Calcium Carbonate 160 - VII. Autoclaved Cementitious Products 165 - VIII. Non-Portland Cements Based on Silicates and Aluminates 196 - VIII.1 Slags and Slag Cements 196 - VIII.2 High Alumina Cement 206 - VIII.3 Pozzolanas and Pozzolanic Cements 213 - VIII.4 Oil Well Cement 222 - VIII.5 Hydraulic Lime 223 - VIlI.6 Expanding Cement 227 - VIII.7 Acid-Proof Cement 230 - IX. Other Non-Portland Cements 231 - IX.l Magnesium Oxychloride and Oxysulfate Cement 231 - IX.2 Gypsum Plaster 251 - IX.3 Sand-Lime Mortar 271 - IX.4 Phosphate Cement 275 - X. Aggregates 276 - Subject Index 297 - Author Index 303 -

Who is the master confectioner? He is the man who is an expert in his trade, who knows his business from A to Z, and can teach others to become proficient in this field. The author of this book began as a candymaker in early youth and has devoted his entire life to candymaking. He has written this book so that others may benefit from fifty-two years of experience and hard work. Many good candy books have been published, but as a rule they do not cover the retail and smaller wholesale manufacturing field completely. For example: A certain formula, though it may be the best, calls for steam or vacuum cooking. This will not suit the candymaker who uses open-fire cooking. Here is only one example in a hundred where a formula that is suitable for the large candy factory will not give good results in the medium shop. The large candy manufacturer has his highly paid executive to take care of all his problems, but the smaller manufacturer has his hands full with making and selling his products. He is only too likely to neglect the candymaking end. That is why this book should be of particular interest to the retail and medium-wholesale candymaker. The man who must know his business from A to Z should find this work a treasury of candymaking.

Preface - 1. The Compound Microscope - 2. Methods of illuminating and Using the Microscope - 3. The Stereomicroscope - 4. Measuring and Counting with the Microscope - 5. Preparing Mounts for the Microscope - 6. Collecting and Preparing Pure Cultures of Various Organisms - 7. The Polarizing Microscope - 8. The Phase-Contrast Microscope - 9. The Interference Microscope - 10. The Metallurgical Microscope - 11. Photomicrography - 12. Physical and Chemical Microscopy - Appendix - Index

Legal and commercial aspects with particular attention to chemicals, chemical specialties and allied products, including a list of trade-mark and trade-name products and their suppliers - Contents - Preface - Introduction - Legal Aspects Rules of Practice in Trade-Mark Cases - Forms for Trade-Mark Cases - "Lanham Act"-New Trade-Mark Law - Some Decisions of the United States Courts - Difference between Trade-Mark and Trade Name - Qualifying a Trade-Mark for Registration under the "Lanham Act" - British Legal Requirements - Registration Procedure - Protection of Trade-Marks Abroad - Coining of Trade-Marks - Types of Trade-Marks - The Perfect Trade-Mark - Selecting a Trade-Mark - Surveying the Field - The Making of Words - Beautiful Names - Short Names - Indirectly Descriptive Names - The Series of Trade Names - Use of the Name Finders - Trade-Marks Derived from Foreign Languages - Latin and Greek Words - Five-Language Dictionary - International Trade-Marks - Trade-Mark Dictionaries - Trade-Marks Classified According to Meaning (Type) - Old Trade-Marks - Trade-Marks Classified According to Industry - Books and Trade Papers Listing Trade-Marks - Trade-Marks Referring to Chemicals and Allied Products - Alphabetical List of Trade-Marks - Alphabetical List of Trade-Mark Owners - Composition of Trade-Marked Products -

A reference and guide to the more advanced types of unguent bases and lotions has long been needed by the pharmaceutical, medical, and allied professions. The efforts of the author have been rewarded by the satisfaction gained in filling this need.-FOR THE PHARMACIST, this book opens a wide field of reference and application to topical pharmaceutical preparations. From these formulae, he may choose those which are most satisfactory for his needs. He can utilize them as stock vehicles or use the diverse data as a source of information when advising the physician.-FOR THE PHYSICIAN, this book will serve as a ready reference and formula guide to the various classes of dermatological products. Its value as a prescribing aid is enhanced by the description included with each formula. It has also the advantage that it lists specific preparations which can be used for special purposes.-FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURER, the formulae in this book can be of great value for commercial product development. The fine appearance, economy, safety, and ease of manufacture of the products listed, will make them especially suitable for pharmaceutical preparations.-FOR THE COSMETIC MANUFACTURER, the versatility and special characteristics of the preparations described in the book present many interesting possibilities for commercial application. They can be combined with all types of perfumes, colors, or other cosmetic materials. As luxury products, these formulations are well chosen because of their attractiveness, effectiveness, safety, economy and ease of manufacture.-FOR USE AS A TEXT, this book is of practical value, because it covers extensively the various classes of emulsified pharmaceutical preparations for topical use. Simple mixtures, solutions, or suspensions are not included. The descriptive material offers useful information to students of pharmacy, medicine, and related fields.Contents - Foreword - Author's Preface - Acknowledgments - Introduction - Washable Oil-in-Water Unguent Bases - Washable Oil-in-Water Lotions - Nonwashable Water-in-Oil Unguent Bases - Nonwashable Water-in-Oil Lotions - Washable Anhydrous Oil-in-Water Unguent Bases - Nonwashable Anhydrous Water-in-Oil Unguent Bases - Bibliography - Index -

Contents - 1. New Product Development-An Overview-Introduction; The Opportunities New Products Create;The Problems New Products Create; The New ProductDevelopment Cycle for Industrial Products; ConsumerNew Product Evaluation; The Role of TechnicalResearch and Development in New Product Development;Why New Products Fail; Ten Philosophies ofSuccessful New Product Development; Case Studies - 2. Marketing Research In The Specialty Paper Business-Introduction and Objectives; The Urgent Case forMarketing Research; General Definitions and Applicationsfor Marketing Research; Professional MarketingResearch; Practical Employment of MarketingResearch; Nonobjectivity in Research; The ScientificMethod of Investigation; Sources of Marketing Information;Methods of Collecting Data in MarketingResearch; Kinds of Marketing Research and Applications - 3. Spunbonded Products-Introduction; Sheet Structure of Tyvek SpunbondedLinear Polyethylene; Area-Bonded Sheets; PointBondedSpunbonded Polyethylene; Reemay SpunbondedPolyester; Typar Spunbonded Polypropylene;Summary - 4. Nonwovens and Textile Replacements -Introduction; Background of The Nonwoven Industry;Types of Nonwovens; Disposables; Linen Supply Field;The Graduate; Disposable Diaper Market; ImprovementsEvolving; Significant Trends and Emerging Technologies; Marketing Strategy Facing Nonwoven Producers; Textile Replacements and Their Future;Technical Research and Development; GatheringCompetitive Intelligence; Marketing Intelligence; BenefitsRealized; Textile Replacements and Their Future;Conclusions - 5. Extrusion Coating of Paper and Board -Survey; Structure of Polyethylene; Specific BarrierProperties of Polyethylene; Extrusion Equipment;Primers for Polyethylene Coating; Printing of PolyethyleneCoated Papers; Extrusion Coating of PigmentedPlastics; Other Resin Additives; Testing ofPolyethylene Coated Papers; Extrusion Resins OtherThan Polyethylene; Where Are We Going? - 6. The Use of the Computer in New Product Development - Introduction; Gathering Data; Printout-Input Data;Printout-Output Data; Conclusions - 7. Pulp-Molding - Three-Dimensional Paper Products - History of Pulp Molding; Statistics of Pulp Molding;Technology of Pulp Molding; Production Techniquesand Properties of Pulp Molded Products; The Futureof Pulp Molding -

Contents - 1. Paper Converting Machinery - L. W. Egan - Unroll Units - Guides and Tension Devices - Coaters - Paper Machine Coating - Driers - Saturators - Calenders - Supercalenders and Embossers - Creping Machines - Laminators - Printers - Cutters and Layboys - Slitters - Winders - Special Coating Equipment - 2. Printing Inks and Processes - S. B. McFarlane, Jr. - Printing Methods and Equipment - Printing Inks - Printing Problems - Printing Special Surfaces - Special Applications of Printed Papers - 3. Laminating and the Theory of Adhesion - F. C. Campins - Wet Versus Dry Lamination Techniques - The Nature of Nonplastic or Rigid Bonds - The Nature and Function of Plastic Laminants - Problems in Laminating and Laminations - Functionality Beyond Adhesion - Summary and Conclusions - 4. Saturating Agents and Paper Saturation - J. F. Hechtman and J. E. Jayne - Base-Paper Requirements - Methods of Saturating - Technology of Saturating Agents - Applications of Saturated Papers - 5. Machine Production of Printing Papers and Resin-Treated Specialties - R. W. Martinek - Coating of Printing Papers - The Production of Functional and Decorative Specialty Papers on the Paper Machine - 6. Evaluation of Raw Stock, Raw Materials, and Specialty Papers - D. S. DavisEvaluation of Raw Stock - Evaluation of Nonfibrous Raw Materials - Evaluation of Printing Paper - Evaluation of General Products - Functional Evaluation - Specific Evaluation Tests for Specialty Papers - Analysis of Specialty Papers - Analytical Scheme - 7. Films - J. Eichhorn - Materials - Manufacturing Processes - Physical Properties - Characteristics and Uses - Glossary - Index -

Contents - 1. Introduction - R. H. Mosher - Early History of Specialty Papers - Modern Developments - New Techniques - Synthetic Materials - State of the Industry - 2. Theory of High Polymers and Their Application to the Paper-Converting Industry - R. T. Nazarro - Polymerization - Molecular Weights - Synthetic Resins - 3. Rheology of Paper Coatings and Instruments for the Measurement of Their Flow Properties - P. E. Pierce - Introduction - Flow Curves - Thixotropy - Effect of Temperature and Concentration on Viscosity - Determination of Rheological Behavior - Rotational Viscometers - Capillary Viscometers - Efflux Viscometers - Falling Ball and Rising Bubble Viscometers - 4. Water-Base Coatings - T. W. Busch - History - Unit Processes - The Object of Coating - Coating Technology - Base Paper - Coating Ingredients - Coating Preparation - Coating Methods - Drying Coated Papers - Calendering - Applications of Printing Paper - Special Functional Papers - 5. Solvent Coatings and Solvent Recovery Systems - M. C. BerenHistory - Comparison with Aqueous Coatings - Purpose of Coatings - Types of Solvent-Coated Paper - Uses of Coated Papers - Ingredients of Solvent Coating Solutions - Plasticizers - Solvents - Latent Solvents and Diluents - Formulation - Base Paper - Common Coating Troubles - General Economics of Solvent Coatings - Solvent Recovery - Drying - Mixing - Grinding and Filtration - Coating Methods and Machines - Manufacturing Hazards - 6. Hot-Melt Coatings - B. C. Miller and P. H. Yoder - Introduction - Hot-Melt Formulations - Coating Equipment - Heating Equipment - Coating Base Papers - Applications - 7. Paste Dispersion Coatings - W. D. Hedges - Versatility - Organosols - Plastisols - Processing Techniques - Vinyl Dispersion Paste Coatings - Latices - Technology of Paste Dispersions - Rheology - Manufacture of Paste Dispersions - Equipment - Mechanism of Film Formation - Applications of Various Dispersion Coatings - Uses of Vinyl Dispersion Coatings - Index

2nd Edition, Revised and Enlarged. - CONTENTS - ; 1. Flow of Fluids 9 - Flow of Mercury-Flow of Steam, Air, and Other GasesRelated Topics: Hydrostatic Heads, Equivalent Diameters, Hydraulic Radius, Pressure Drops, Viscous Flow, Rotameters, Fluidizing-Flow of Water through Pipes and Valves and Over Weirs-Flow of Chemicals in Solution Orifice Flow ; ; 2. Some Aspects of Heat 59 - Heat Transfer Coefficients-Losses-Heat ContentsSpecific Heats-Resistance Heaters-Industrial Requirements ; ; 3. Pulp and Paper Mill Calculations 95 - Consistencies-Inventory-Production-Roll Length- Breaking Length ; ; 4. Vapor Pressures 115 - Hydrocarbons-Gasoline-Liquefied Petroleum GasesChlorinated Methanes, Ethanes, and Ethylenes-GlycolsEsters- Miscellaneous Compounds ; ; 5. Densities and Specific Gravities 139 - Fatty Acids-Esters-Formalin Solutions-KetonesAqueous Acetone, Methanol, Ethanol, Nitric Acid, Urea, Sulfuric Acid-Asphaltic Materials-Oleum ; ; 6. Relationships of Pressure, Volume, and Temperature 161 - Vapors at Low Pressures-Air-Gases at Standard Conditions-Freon 11 ; ; 7. Sizing of Equipment 175 - Cyclone Dip Legs-Catalyst Hoppers-Pumps and Pump Motors ; ; 8. Miscellaneous 189 - Properties-Equipment -Correction, Characterization, and Conversion Factors-Blending-Industrial ProductionCrystallization - Electrodeposition - Contaminants - Costs-Design of Vessels-Purging-Screening-Sedimentation- Relative Volatility-Efficiencies-Permeability ;

The classic book on how to remove spots and stains in the household. Re-issued from the original publisher in it's original form. Contents - Preface - Chapter 1. Introduction - 2. Fibers - 3. Fabrics - 4. Dyes - 5. Basic Rules for Stain Removal - 6. Safety Rules to Insure Best Results - 7. Equipment Aids to Stain Removal - 8. Stain Removing Agents - 9. Stains and Methods for Their Removal -

CONTENTS - Foreword - Why I Wrote This Book - Inspector's Creed - An Introduction to Interchangeable Parts - Scale and Hook Rule - Combination Square - Protractor - Outside Micrometer Caliper - Micrometer Depth Gage - Inside Micrometer Caliper - How to Read a Micrometer Caliper - Vernier Caliper - Vernier Height Gage - How to Read the Vernier - Surface Gage - Universal Bevel Protractor - Thickness or Feeler Gage - Screw-Pitch Gage - Small-Hole Gage - Telescoping Gage - Locating Centers - Outside and Inside Calipers - Combination Bevel - Fillet or Radius Gage - Flush-Pin Gage - Taper-Plug Gage - Last-Word Indicator - Concentricity Setup - Angle-Plate Setup - Size-Block Setup - Comparator Setup - Checking Two Different Diameters with One Setup - Vee-Block and Size-Block Setup - Checking a 45 0 Angle - Sine Bar - A Hole Drilled at Right Angles to a Step - Bench-Center Setup - Shoulder Runout - Checking the Center Distance between Two Holes - Checking the Center Distance between Two Spherical - Depressions - Checking a Taper Hole with a Taper-Plug Gage - Laying out a Rough Casting - Setting Up Light Castings - Surface Geometry - Optical Flats - Surface Shapes - "Pilot" Cylindrical Plug Gage - J-S Roll Thread Snap Gages - Adjustable Limit Snap Gages - Ring and Plug Thread Gages - Hoke Precision Gage Blocks - Gage-Block and Tie-Rod Assembly - Precision Gage Blocks - Electrical Harness Lacing - Lockwiring - The Thermometer and How It Works - Basic Helical Spring Designs - Fundamental Features of a Thread - Basic Points in Thread Measuring - The Microinch Scale - Nomenclature of the Circle - Geometrical Forms and Their Meaning - Calculations - How to Check Internal and External Military Pipe Threads - Step-by-Step Checking of Threads - Diametral Pitch or D. P. Calculations - Diametral Pitch Formulas - Interpretation of Mechanical Drawings - Mechanical Drawing Symbols - Indication of Materials - Indication of Direction - Miscellaneous Symbols - Abbreviations Frequently Used on Drawings - Standard System of Marking American Thread - Truncated and Full Form Thread; Setting Plug Gages - Gage Care - APPENDIX: - INDEX -

CONTENTS - Distillation of Naphtha, Gasoline, Kerosene, Jet Fuel and Similar Products - Vacuum Distillation - Distillation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Determination of High-Boiling Fractions in Isopropyl Ether - Test for Light Ends in Isobutylene and Similar Products - Flash Point by the Tag Closed Tester (Abel Flash Point) - Flash and Fire Points by the Cleveland Open Cup (Marcusson Flash Point) - Flash Point by the Pensky-Martens Closed Tester - Determining the Nonvolatile Matter in CTLA Polymers - Rapid Method for Comparative Evaporation Rates of Solvents - Gravity of Petroleum Products by the Hydrometer - Specific Gravity by Means of the Pycnometer - Viscosity Determination by the Saybolt Viscometer - Determination of the Kinematic Viscosity of Petroleum Products by Glass Viscometers - Color of Petroleum Products by the Tag-Robinson Colorimeter (Color Stability of Lubricants) - Color of White Petroleum Products by the Saybolt Chromometer - Determining the Color of Solvents by the Platinum-Cobalt System - Gardner's Method of Determining the Color of Solvents - Determination of the Acid Wash Color of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Sulfur by Lamp (Closed System) - Doctor Test - Determination of Sulfur in Petroleum Products - Heavier than Illuminating Oils - Qualitative Detection of Sulfur Gases in Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Detection of Thiophene in Benzene - Ash and Water-Soluble Ash Content of Petroleum Oils - Cloud and Pour Points of Petroleum Products (Dilute Pour Point) - Detecting Oxidizable Matter in Solvents (Permanganate Test) - Permanaganate Time Test (Improved Visual Method) - Holde Hard Asphalt Test - Determination of the Gumming Properties of Gasoline by Means of a Copper Dish - Determination of Water in Petroleum Products by the Karl Fischer Reagent - Determination of Water in Hydrocarbon Gases by the Karl Fischer Reagent - Acidity of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Determination of the Unsaponifiable Matter in, and the Neutralization Number of, Naphthenic Acids - Aniline Point - Wijs' Iodine Number - Bromine Number (Lewis and Bradstreet Method) - Determination of the Bromine Index of Xylene - Determination of the Available Cyclopentadiene and Methylcyclopentadienes in Dimers - Determination of Cyclopentadiene in Isoprene - Determination of the Total Conjugated Diolefin Content of Isoprene - Complete Analysis of Distilled Isobutylene by Infrared Spectrometry - Solubility of Pentachlorophenol in Petroleum Oils - Determination of Lower Ketones - Determination of the Alcohol Content by Acetylation - Water Dilution of Alcohol - Determination of Alcohol Content by Specific Gravity - Test for Mixed Alcohols (Hydroxyl Number) - Acetone in Isopropyl Alcohol by Ultraviolet Spectrometry - Ester Content of Solvents - Tests for Specification Grades of Ethyl Ether - Determination of the Carbonyl Compounds in Petrochemical Products (Carbonyl Number) - Determination of Peroxides in Isopropyl Ether - Peroxide Number of Petroleum Products - Determination of the Residual Odor of Heavy Petroleum Solvents - Amino-Type Inhibitors in Gasoline - Determination of tert-Butylcatechol Inhibitor in Unsaturated Heavy Hydrocarbons - Flash Point by the Tag Ope

CONTENTS - 1. SCALES - Nature and Properties of Scales - Methods for Constructing Scales - Altering Moduli of Scales - Standard Scales - Mechanical Aspects of Scale Construction - Exercises - 2. CALCULATING WITH SCALES - Adjacent Scales - Parallel Scales With Index Line - Standard Slide Rules - Slide Rule Routines - Special Slide Rules - Methods of Reproduction - Other Forms of Special Slide Rules - Differential Gear Rules - Exercises - 3. GRAPH PAPERS - Common Types of Graph Papers - Construction of Graph Papers - Exercises - 4. CALCULATING WITH GRAPH PAPERS - Hyperbolic Paper - Linear Paper - Semilogarithmic Paper - Logarithmic Paper - Exercises - 5. GRAPHS - Relationship of Graph to Table and Function - Graphs of Regular Functions - Interpolation and Extrapolation - Graphs of Empirical Data - Complex Graphs - Condensed Graphs - Exercises - 6. CALCULATING WITH GRAPHS - Position Relationships - Vertical and Horizontal Displacements - General Distance Relationships - Isometric Translation - Slopes; Graphical Differentiation - Areas; Graphical Integration - Exercises - 7. NOMOGRAPHY - Nomographic Methods - Some Characteristics of Nomographs - 8. NOMOGRAPHS BY SYNTHETIC METHODS - Synthetic Methods - Figures With One Straight Index Line - Figures With Two Parallel Index Lines - Figures With Perpendicular Index Lines - Review of Synthetic Methods - Exercises - 9. NOMOGRAPHS WITH CARTESIAN COORDINATES, - Relationship of Defining Equation to Type - Matrix Transformations - Exercises - 10. NOMOGRAPHS WITH HYPERBOLIC COORDINATES - The Semihyperbolic Coordinate System - Application to Construction of Nomographs - 11. PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTING NOMOGRAPHS - Nomographs With Parallel Scales - Nomographs With Oblique Scales - Nomographs With Curved Scales - Exercises - 12. USE OF GENERAL HYPERBOLIC COORDINATES - Hyperbolic Plane Coordinates - The V-Type Nomograph - Fitting Nomograph to a Rectangle - 13. THREE-DIMENSIONED NOMOGRAPHS - Three-Dimensional Hyperbolic Coordinates - Defining Equation for Nomographs - Applications - 14. PROPERTIES OF HYPERBOLIC COORDINATE SYSTEMS - Hyperbolic Plane Coordinates - Semihyperbolic Coordinates - Hyperbolic Solid Coordinates - Semihyperbolic Solid Coordinates - 15. NOMOGRAPHS FROM GRAPHS AND TABLES - Relationship of Graph to Nomograph - Constructing Nomographs From Tables: Symmetrical - Constructing Nomographs From Tables: General - APPENDIX - Values of x = -p/p-r- and 1 - x INDEX -

There is hardly a technical library in the world in which the volumes of the Chemical Formulary (Volumes 1-34) do not occupy a prominent place. Chemists both experienced and beginner, continually refer to them. It does not duplicate any of the formulas included in previous volumes, but lists a wide array of modern and salable products from all branches of the chemical industries. An excellent reference for formulation problems. -CONTENTS - I. Introduction - II. Adhesives - III. Coatings - IV. Cosmetics - V. Detergents and Disinfectants - VI. Drug Products - VII. Elastomers, Plastics and Resins - VIII. Foods and Beverages - IX. Polishes - X. Textile Specialties - XI. Miscellaneous - Appendix - Index - PREFACE - Chemistry, as taught in our schools and colleges, concerns chiefly synthesis, analysis, and engineering-and properly so. It is part of the right foundation for the education of the chemist. Many a chemist entering an Industry soon finds that most of the products manufactured by his concern are not synthetic or definite complex compounds, but are mixtures, blends, or highly complex compounds of which he knows little or nothing. The literature in this field, if any, may be meager, scattered, or obsolete. Even chemists with years of experience In one or more Industries spend considerable time and effort in acquainting themselves with any new field which they may enter. Consulting chemists similarly have to solve problems brought to them from industries foreign to them. There was a definite need for an up-to-date compilation of formulae for chemical compounding and treatment. Since the fields to be covered are many and varied, an editorial board of chemists and engineers engaged in many industries was formed. Many publications, laboratories, manufacturing firms, and Individuals have been consulted to obtain the latest and best information. It is felt that the formulas given in this volume will save chemists and allied workers much time and effort. Manufacturers and sellers of chemicals will find, In these formulae, new uses for their products. Non-chemical executives, professional men, and Interested laymen will make through this volume a "speaking acquaintance" with products which they may be using, trying or selling. It often happens that two Individuals using the same Ingredients in the same formula get different results. This may be due to slight deviations in the raw materials or unfamiliarity with the intricacies of a new technique. Accordingly, repeated experiments may be necessary to get the best results. Although many of the formulas given are being used commercially, many have been taken from the literature and may be subject to various errors and omissions. This should be taken into consideration. Wherever possible, it is advisable to consult with other chemists or technical workers regarding commercial production.

CONTENTS - Resins - Tradename Products and Generic Equivalents - Generic Chemical Synonyms and Cross References - Tradename Product Manufacturers - PREFACE - This compendium serves a unique function for those involved in the chemical industry-it provides the necessary information for making the decision as to which trademark chemical product is most suitable for a particular application. The chemicals included in this second book of the series have their major function as dispersants, solvents, and solubilizers, however, complete cross-referencing is provided for the multiple functions of all the chemicals. The first section which is the major portion of each volume contains the most common generic name of the chemicals as the main entry. All these generic entries are in alphabetical order. Synonyms for these chemicals are then listed. The CTFA name appears alongside the appropriate generic name. The structural and/or molecular formula of the chemical is listed whenever possible. The generic chemical is sold under various tradenames and these are listed here in alphabetical order for ease of reference along with their manufacturer in parentheses. The Category subheading lists all the possible functions that the chemical can serve. Because of differences in form, activity, etc., individual tradenames of the generic chemical are used in particular applications more frequently. These are delineated in the Applications section. The differences in properties. toxicity/handling. storage/handling, and standard packaging are specified in the subsequent sections wherever distinguishing characteristics are known. The second section of the volume TRADENAME PRODUCTS AND GENERIC EQUN ALENTS helps the user who only knows a chemical by one tradename to locate its main entry in section 1. The user can look up this tradename in this section of the book and be referred to the appropriate, main-entry, generic chemical name. The third section GENERIC CHEMICAL SYNONYMS AND CROSS REFERENCES provides a way of locating the main entries by knowing only one of the synonyms. If the generic chemical is not in the volume, it will refer you to the volume in which it is contained. The fourth section TRADENAME PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS lists the full addresses of the companies that manufacture or distribute the tradename products found in the first section.

There is hardly any technical library in the world in which the volumes of the Chemical Formulary (Volumes 1-34) do not occupy a prominent place. Chemists both experienced and beginner, continually refer to them. It does not duplicate any of the formulas included in previous volumes, but lists a wide array of modern and salable products from all branches of the chemical industries. An excellent reference for formulation problems. -CONTENTS - I. Introduction - II. Adhesives - III. Beverages and Foods - IV. Cosmetics - V. Coatings - VI. Detergents - VII. Drug Products - VIII. Metal Treatments - IX. Polishes - X. Textile Specialties - XI. Miscellaneous - Appendix - Index - PREFACE - Chemistry, as taught in our schools and colleges, concerns chiefly synthesis, analysis, and engineering-and properly so. It is part of the right foundation for the education of the chemist. Many a chemist entering an Industry soon finds that most of the products manufactured by his concern are not synthetic or definite complex compounds, but are mixtures, blends, or highly complex compounds of which he knows little or nothing. The literature in this field, if any, may be meager, scattered, or obsolete. Even chemists with years of experience In one or more Industries spend considerable time and effort in acquainting themselves with any new field which they may enter. Consulting chemists similarly have to solve problems brought to them from industries foreign to them. There was a definite need for an up-to-date compilation of formulae for chemical compounding and treatment. Since the fields to be covered are many and varied, an editorial board of chemists and engineers engaged in many industries was formed. Many publications, laboratories, manufacturing firms, and Individuals have been consulted to obtain the latest and best information. It is felt that the formulas given in this volume will save chemists and allied workers much time and effort. Manufacturers and sellers of chemicals will find, In these formulae, new uses for their products. Non-chemical executives, professional men, and Interested laymen will make through this volume a "speaking acquaintance" with products which they may be using, trying or selling. It often happens that two Individuals using the same Ingredients in the same formula get different results. This may be due to slight deviations in the raw materials or unfamiliarity with the intricacies of a new technique. Accordingly, repeated experiments may be necessary to get the best results. Although many of the formulas given are being used commercially, many have been taken from the literature and may be subject to various errors and omissions. This should be taken into consideration. Wherever possible, it is advisable to consult with other chemists or technical workers regarding commercial production.

There is hardly any technical library in the world in which the volumes of the Chemical Formulary (Volumes 1-34) do not occupy a prominent place. Chemists both experienced and beginner, continually refer to them. It does not duplicate any of the formulas included in previous volumes, but lists a wide array of modern and salable products from all branches of the chemical industries. An excellent reference for formulation problems. -CONTENTS - I. Introduction - II. Adhesives - III. Beverages and Foods - IV. Cosmetics - V. Coatings - VI. Detergents and Disinfectants - VII. Drug Products - VIII. Elastomers, Plastics, and Resins - IX. Metals - X. Polishes - XI. Textile Specialties - XII. Miscellaneous - Appendix - Index - PREFACE - Chemistry, as taught in our schools and colleges, concerns chiefly synthesis, analysis, and engineering-and properly so. It is part of the right foundation for the education of the chemist. Many a chemist entering an Industry soon finds that most of the products manufactured by his concern are not synthetic or definite complex compounds, but are mixtures, blends, or highly complex compounds of which he knows little or nothing. The literature in this field, if any, may be meager, scattered, or obsolete. Even chemists with years of experience In one or more Industries spend considerable time and effort in acquainting themselves with any new field which they may enter. Consulting chemists similarly have to solve problems brought to them from industries foreign to them. There was a definite need for an up-to-date compilation of formulae for chemical compounding and treatment. Since the fields to be covered are many and varied, an editorial board of chemists and engineers engaged in many industries was formed. Many publications, laboratories, manufacturing firms, and Individuals have been consulted to obtain the latest and best information. It is felt that the formulas given in this volume will save chemists and allied workers much time and effort. Manufacturers and sellers of chemicals will find, In these formulae, new uses for their products. Non-chemical executives, professional men, and Interested laymen will make through this volume a "speaking acquaintance" with products which they may be using, trying or selling. It often happens that two Individuals using the same Ingredients in the same formula get different results. This may be due to slight deviations in the raw materials or unfamiliarity with the intricacies of a new technique. Accordingly, repeated experiments may be necessary to get the best results. Although many of the formulas given are being used commercially, many have been taken from the literature and may be subject to various errors and omissions. This should be taken into consideration. Wherever possible, it is advisable to consult with other chemists or technical workers regarding commercial production.

There is hardly any technical library in the world in which the volumes of the Chemical Formulary (Volumes 1-34) do not occupy a prominent place. Chemists both experienced and beginner, continually refer to them. It does not duplicate any of the formulas included in previous volumes, but lists a wide array of modern and salable products from all branches of the chemical industries. An excellent reference for formulation problems. -CONTENTS - I. Introduction - II. Beverages and Foods - III. Coatings - IV. Cosmetics - V. Drug Products - VI. Detergents and Sanitizers - VII. Elastomers and Plastics - VIII. Metals - IX. Polishes - X. Textile Specialties - XI. Miscellaneous - Appendix - Index - PREFACE - Chemistry, as taught in our schools and colleges, concerns chiefly synthesis, analysis, and engineering-and properly so. It is part of the right foundation for the education of the chemist. Many a chemist entering an Industry soon finds that most of the products manufactured by his concern are not synthetic or definite complex compounds, but are mixtures, blends, or highly complex compounds of which he knows little or nothing. The literature in this field, if any, may be meager, scattered, or obsolete. Even chemists with years of experience In one or more Industries spend considerable time and effort in acquainting themselves with any new field which they may enter. Consulting chemists similarly have to solve problems brought to them from industries foreign to them. There was a definite need for an up-to-date compilation of formulae for chemical compounding and treatment. Since the fields to be covered are many and varied, an editorial board of chemists and engineers engaged in many industries was formed. Many publications, laboratories, manufacturing firms, and Individuals have been consulted to obtain the latest and best information. It is felt that the formulas given in this volume will save chemists and allied workers much time and effort. Manufacturers and sellers of chemicals will find, In these formulae, new uses for their products. Non-chemical executives, professional men, and Interested laymen will make through this volume a "speaking acquaintance" with products which they may be using, trying or selling. It often happens that two Individuals using the same Ingredients in the same formula get different results. This may be due to slight deviations in the raw materials or unfamiliarity with the intricacies of a new technique. Accordingly, repeated experiments may be necessary to get the best results. Although many of the formulas given are being used commercially, many have been taken from the literature and may be subject to various errors and omissions. This should be taken into consideration. Wherever possible, it is advisable to consult with other chemists or technical workers regarding commercial production.