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The current technological boom has put forth a variety of research techniques, methods, protocols being used in life science teaching and research in higher education.In today's era the biologist depends on recent advance techniques in the aspects of physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology, microbiology, genetics, pharmacology, toxicology, environmental biology of living organisms, particularly at the molecular level studies.A several technologies have been developed over the years to address the challenges of different disciplines of life science, still there is a need for thorough understanding of the basic principles, theories and methods, and it is required to develop newer approach and strategies for future researchers. This book is an endeavour for young researchers, budding scientists, academicians and industry people.The Innovations in Biochemical Techniquesbook include twelve chapters that integrate from the basic to advanced investigations that hold the modern impetus in research and development. The book deals with various aspects of research work having principles, theories, methods, protocols, concepts, techniques and applications with vide range experimental outcomes in in-vitro and in-vivo studies.The authors have put an effort to explain each and every point in their research. The book will be useful for young researchers in the field of biological science and other allied branch of sciences and it will be use it as research tools & techniques currently in practice.This book has been brought to the society, keeping in mind of students of graduate and post graduates, research scholars and teaching faculty.

In India, in the overall insect pests' scenario of sugarcane, moth borers alone account for around 55-60% of the total crop loss. The book Moth borers of Sugarcane is a visual treat of photographs that unfolds the borer complex of sugarcane in a lucid manner spanning 649 pages. In fact, it is a cornerstone publication on Sugarcane Entomology. The first Technical Bulletin on this subject ""Identification of the striped moth borers of sugarcane in lndia"" (20 pages) was published by Mr. B. D. Gupta in 1958. It was felt that a revision with the current knowledge would be appropriate to cater the present needs. The author fervently took up this challenge to develop an identification manual of the important moth borers of sugarcane that even a nonprofessional could use with confidence. The present publication, in addition to the striped borers, encompasses other important moth borers of sugarcane. Moreover, it also contains information on symptoms of infestations, different life stages of the moth borers and key identifying characters for each stage of the life cycle. It is often axiomed that ""A picture is worth a thousand words"". Obviously, a good colour photograph speaks volumes and often leaves an indelible impression on the mind of the reader that words and explanations cannot do. This publication bridges the longstanding gap of a comprehensive publication detailing the easily identifiable characters of moth borers of sugarcane with suitable and vivid colour photographs of symptoms of infestations as well as different life stages of the pest. To be honest, it is not a xientific treatise on moth borers of sugarcane written for the use and training of Entomologists. Rather it is intended to serve the more humble but useful purpose of a manual of practical information for the use of the farmers, extension personnel and cane development workers who are interested to learn about the moth borer pests of sugarcane. At the end, a chapter on the identification of important bio-agents that are commonly used to contain these borer pests has been added.

This book is an unique compilation of twenty- five chapter, which have been contributed by internationally acknowledged experts who have made significant contributions to food and nutritional security. The first part addresses food and nutritional security and the second part focus on food processing and technology. This book is based on the syllabus of Ph.D courses of Indian Agricultural Universities in the subject of Food and Nutrition. This book is highly useful for undergraduate and post-graduate students, teachers, research scholars, academicians and scientists in the area of home science ( community science), food nutrition, food processing, food science, food technology and agricultural biotechnology.

The publication entitled Post-Harvest Handling and Value Addition of Temperate Fruits and Nut covers comprehensive information generated in area of post-harvest management of fruits. The publication emphasizes both basic information as well as applied aspect of post-harvest handling, packaging, storage and processing system and value addition of horticultural crops. The content of this book covers very important aspects required for scientific management of fruits during post-harvest- the area which needs more attention for achieving better values and fetching better prices. The book will prove to be very useful to the post-harvest technologists, horticulturists, food scientists, entrepreneurs, teachers, under-graduate and post-graduate students.

The book entitled 'Indian Botanic Gardens', edited by eminent horticulturist, Dr. RK Roy and young plant conservationist, Dr. JS Khuraijam, is an attempt to review the plant conservation efforts and R&D activities being carried out in different botanic gardens across India. The book contains twenty two chapters written by eminent scientists, researchers and academicians from across the country who are directly involved in the activities of botanic gardens. This edited book is intended for all people who are interested in botanic gardens, plant conservation and floriculture.

This book was first published in 1991 and was well received by students, teachers and researchers in many universities and institutes in India and abroad. In the past 28 years (since its first publication), tremendous progress have been made in temperate fruit research, notably in developing varieties and rootstocks, canopy management, understanding the flowering physiology, storage technology, biological control of pests and diseases, resistance breeding, biotechnology, etc., Revision of the book with updated information was considered necessary. In the process of a comprehensive literature survey it was felt impossible to compile all the information in one volume. This enlarged edition on temperate fruits is, therefore, published in tow volumes. The first volume consists of pome and stone fruits (apples, pears, peaches, plums, apricots and cherries) in more than 550 pages. The second volume deals with temperate nuts and berries (almonds, chestnuts, hazelnuts, pecans, pistachios, walnut, strawberries, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, blueberries and cranberries) in about 650 pages. Apart from through revision with updated scientific information on various aspects of mentioned pome, stone, nuts and berries, substantial reorganization of the text has been made. Emphasis has been laid to include released cultivars and rootstocks, recent trends in propagation and orchard management, pruning and canopy management, nutrition and tissue analysis, water management, improved technology for harvesting, postharvest handling, storage and ripening. Special emphasis has been laid to include the development in breeding and improvement through biotechnological approaches like molecular markers, genetic transformation, genetic map and microbes for N and P input. Other information like organic production technology, protected cultivation and impact of climate change are included, where sufficient information is available. Though the subject is vast, this two volumes book presents the concepts in a condensed, informative and lucid manner. It will be immense help to the students, teachers and researchers of horticulture, plant science, plant physiology and plant protection.

This book covers the courses offered in Molecular Biology and Plant Biotechnology at under graduate level in all General and Agricultural Universities of India in one compact volume of 22 chapters. Hope, this volume would be useful to the students, teachers and researchers engaged in the teaching and research of Molecular Biology and Plant Biotechnology.

This book was first published in 1991 and was well received by students, teachers and researchers in many universities and institutes in India and abroad. In the past 28 years (since its first publication), tremendous progress have been made in temperate fruit research, notably in developing varieties and rootstocks, canopy management, understanding the flowering physiology, storage technology, biological control of pests and diseases, resistance breeding, biotechnology, etc., Revision of the book with updated information was considered necessary. In the process of a comprehensive literature survey it was felt impossible to compile all the information in one volume. This enlarged edition on temperate fruits is, therefore, published in tow volumes. The first volume consists of pome and stone fruits (apples, pears, peaches, plums, apricots and cherries) in more than 550 pages. The second volume deals with temperate nuts and berries (almonds, chestnuts, hazelnuts, pecans, pistachios, walnut, strawberries, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, blueberries and cranberries) in about 650 pages. Apart from through revision with updated scientific information on various aspects of mentioned pome, stone, nuts and berries, substantial reorganization of the text has been made. Emphasis has been laid to include released cultivars and rootstocks, recent trends in propagation and orchard management, pruning and canopy management, nutrition and tissue analysis, water management, improved technology for harvesting, postharvest handling, storage and ripening. Special emphasis has been laid to include the development in breeding and improvement through biotechnological approaches like molecular markers, genetic transformation, genetic map and microbes for N and P input. Other information like organic production technology, protected cultivation and impact of climate change are included, where sufficient information is available. Though the subject is vast, this two volumes book presents the concepts in a condensed, informative and lucid manner. It will be immense help to the students, teachers and researchers of horticulture, plant science, plant physiology and plant protection.

The textbook titled 'Fundamentals of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering' broadly covers and illustrates basic concepts of soil and water engineering taught to the students of B.Sc. (Agriculture) Honours. Considering the emerging challenges, the scope of the book has been widened to include few chapters that may find place in any future revision of the courses by the Dean's committee. Besides, inclusion of these chapters makes this book a handy guidebook to the students of agricultural engineering. It covers most issues of interest for the students in an easy to understand manner. The textbook has a total of 32 Chapters, divided into four sections. The book begins with a section on Engineering Survey having 10 chapters. Farm development is grouped into five chapters and includes issues such as land levelling, groundwater and pumps, open and underground conveyance systems and farm drainage. The third section on irrigation water management is divided into 6 chapters. The section on soil and water conservation engineering is the largest section divided in 11 chapters. This section can serve as an independent textbook in several universities that have made soil and water conservation engineering a separate one semester course. Objective type questions, glossary of terms and subject index are included. Besides serving as a text book, it will prove to be a handy resource book to conduct specialized training programs on soil and water management. This book will find its due place in the shelves of students and teachers, field functionaries and college libraries of state agricultural universities, deemed universities and engineering colleges. The textbook titled 'Fundamentals of Soil and Water Conservation Engineering' broadly covers and illustrates basic concepts of soil and water engineering taught to the students of B.Sc. (Agriculture) Honours. Considering the emerging challenges, the scope of the book has been widened to include few chapters that may find place in any future revision of the courses by the Dean's committee. Besides, inclusion of these chapters makes this book a handy guidebook to the students of agricultural engineering. It covers most issues of interest for the students in an easy to understand manner. The textbook has a total of 32 Chapters, divided into four sections. The book begins with a section on Engineering Survey having 10 chapters. Farm development is grouped into five chapters and includes issues such as land levelling, groundwater and pumps, open and underground conveyance systems and farm drainage. The third section on irrigation water management is divided into 6 chapters. The section on soil and water conservation engineering is the largest section divided in 11 chapters. This section can serve as an independent textbook in several universities that have made soil and water conservation engineering a separate one semester course. Objective type questions, glossary of terms and subject index are included. Besides serving as a text book, it will prove to be a handy resource book to conduct specialized training programs on soil and water management. This book will find its due place in the shelves of students and teachers, field functionaries and college libraries of state agricultural universities, deemed universities and engineering colleges.

The book discusses in detail about disaster communication and early warning systems with all requisites and imperatives. It sets the conceptual background of disaster management and impending paradigm shift from response and relief centric to proactive preparedness centric approach, with references to international strategies on disaster management and climate change adaptation such as Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Sustainable Development Goals and Paris Climate Agreement. The book elicits systematic knowledge base on the strategic role played by ICT as an enabler for disaster management, disaster and climate change early warning systems, disaster communication setup need analysis, existing as well as futuristic technological trends. It does prognostic analysis of existing early warning systems and disaster communication facilities in India; and suggests pragmatic long-term and short-term solutions. The contents and contexts are important not only for India but for other developing and under developed countries in the world. This book may be considered as a good reference document on the subject matter.

Due to the ever increasing demands of human beings there is an additional requirement of understanding environmental issues related to human activities, and their effect on the planet. The need to protect the environment seems frequently in conflict with the need to feed the ever growing population, to supply the energy to the industries, transportation and fueling other needs. The present textbook begins with the basic knowledge of environmental issues. The aim of the book is to present an outline of environmental problems created by human beings in their quest to produce food and make life comfortable; to highlight the effects of these problems on environment, living organisms and humans themselves; to draw attention to the work of individuals, groups and governments in their efforts to solve these environmental problems and preserve the environment and the world for the future generations. This book will discuss the broad overview of the global and regional environmental issues including global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution, regional issues like desertification, eutrophication, siltation etc. It includes coverage of contemporary hot topics such as biodiversity, urbanization and deforestation. This book will be very useful not only for the Environmental Science students, but also for all other PG students who have opted for the Environmental Issues course in open elective course. It is presented in highly readable manner that makes it easy for the students with limited science background, while remaining useful to those with more. Efforts have been made to make the readers understand the causes of environmental problems and find local and global solutions to these problems. It will help the students to understand the need to protect the environment. The easy approach followed in this book will help the students to explore the importance of study of Environmental Issues.

Tachinid flies (Diptera) are very potential biocontrol agents of several insect pests. Therefore, they are widely used in biological pest management at global scenario. The book contain following topics: 1. General Introduction 2. Review of Literature 3. Collection and Preservation of Tachinids 4. Taxonomy of Tachinids: 12 species are newly described, 8 species are redescribed with their photographs, host records and crop associations. 5. Abundance and Distribution of Tachinids 6. Summary, Conclusion and Bibliography This book will be stimulatory and helpful to teachers, students, farmers, environmentalists and scientists in the field of pest management. .

Ants are social insects and act as pests of several crop plants in agro, forest and horticultural ecosystems and also have medicinal and nutritional value. They also act as biological pest control agents. The book contain following chapters: 1. Introduction 2. Review of literature 3. Collection and preservation methods 4. Diversity of ants 5. Seasonal abundance and distribution 6. Biology, ecology and control of ants 7. Summary and conclusion 8. Bibliography This book will be helpful for students, teachers, scientists, environmentalists, industrialists and medical/forensic workers.

This book covers the courses offered in Plant Breeding at Post-graduate level in all Agricultural Universities of India. It includes variety release procedure, categories of improved seed, indian seeds act 2004, protection of plant varieties and farmers' rights act 2001, DUS testing, seed certification, causes of varietal deterioration, basics of maintenance breeding, genetic basis of maintenance breeding, agronomic basis of maintenance breeding, nucleus seed production of cereals, nucleus seed production of millets, nucleus seed production of commercial crops, nucleus seed production of oilseeds, nucleus seed production of pulse crops, nucleus seed production of fiber crops, nucleus seed production of A, B and R lines and intellectual property rights. Glossary of technical terms has been provided at the end for ready reference of readers. Hope, this book would be useful to the students, teachers and researchers engaged in the teaching and research of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Seed Technology.

The content of this book has been planned keeping in consideration the importance of livestock sector in agriculture economy in Jammu and Kashmir state. This book contains twenty-six chapters on various aspects of livestock, poultry and fisheries in improving income of the farmer through livestock rearing, climatic stress mitigation, utilisation of animal by-products in transforming of rural livelihood. Transformation of rural areas through modern dairy farming, strategies to raise income by small ruminants rearing in the hilly areas, transforming rural livelihoods through scientific dairying and dairy entrepreneurship, commercial broiler chicken farming, giant freshwater prawn farming, utilization of animal by-products, mitigation of climatic stress and technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from livestock, conservation of animal genetic resources, livestock sector contribution and challenges in Indian agricultural system, major constraints and strategies for milk production in hilly and Kandi areas of Jammu, common diseases of cattle, recent trends for teat and udder surgery in ruminants, edible vaccines, constraints and strategies for chevon production, pig farming as an emerging enterprise, constraints and strategies for mutton & wool production in hilly and Kandi areas of Jammu & Kashmir etc. Chapters in this book have been contributed by noted Veterinarian Scientists. The information provided in this book will serve as a ready reference for the students, fulfil the academic interest of the professionals and will also cater the needs of the livestock farmer.

The climate change at global level is leading to the alterations in weather and climate extremes. These climate extremes impact severely on both human and ecosystems including economic losses, sectors such as tourism, agriculture, urban settlements and small island states, etc. Scientists predict that the frequency and intensity of these disasters are likely to increase as a result of the effects of climate change. Their susceptibility is principally based on the geographical, geological and socio-economic characteristics. During the last few decades many countries in Asia and Africa encountered unforeseen natural disasters apparently due to both the climate change and deficiencies of the built environment. It seems that in the last five years such calamities have been accelerated such as Monsoon flooding in Bangladesh; Hurricane Irma in USA and Caribbean; floods in different regions of India, mudslide in Colombia and earthquakes in Mexico and Iran. These high-profile mega-disasters are raising global awareness of the need to build the capacity of national governments, civil society organizations and international entities to prevent, respond to and recover from natural disasters. In order to discuss the above issues, the Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries (NAM S&T Centre) organized an international round table on 'Impacts of Extreme Natural Events: Science and Technology for Mitigation (IRENE)' in Colombo, Sri Lanka during 13-15 December 2017, which brought the scientists, experts and professionals engaged in R&D, policy making and implementation, social activists and other stake holders to a common forum for sharing views and experiences for the development of a road map for reducing the risks in real situations. This book comprises twenty-four papers from the researchers and professionals of 12 countries. The papers in this book have been categorised in four sections, namely, National Experiences, Regional Cooperation and South-South Relations, International Organisations and Networking and Theoretical Frameworks. The book is expected to be of great value to the immense use to all those associated with issues related to mitigation of mega-disasters due to extreme natural events, from researchers to policy makers, non-government organisations and government officials in the developing and other countries.

Horticultural produce plays a significant role in human nutrition by supplying vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and anti-oxidants to the diet. The quality and safety of underutilized fruit produce reaching the consumer depends upon pre-harvest factors as well as proper post-harvest management practices throughout the food chain. This book reviews the factors which contribute to quality and safety during processing through easy steps of product preparation. Specific examples are given to illustrate the economic implications of investment in and applying proper post-harvest technologies. This book has been planned keeping in view the challenges faced during processing and as per the syllabus approved by ICAR for undergraduate and postgraduate students. Besides dealing with the processed products and processing type of underutilized fruits, this book contains a model question bank and suitable illustration with photographs. In addition to the students completing their undergraduate and postgraduate courses, the book will be great help to the Agriculturist, Horticulturist, Food scientist, as well as researchers and other stakeholders including industrialists.

The practice of farming described as 'organic' is being promoted under many names including natural farming, biological farming, Agnihotra farming, ecological farming, homa farming etc. Organic farming offers an opportunity for smallholders to improve their production without relying on external capital and inputs and to gain premium prices using organic production methods. In India, there has been significant increase in the area under certified organic farming during the last 13 years. Presently, about 1.44 million ha area is under certified organic cultivation and India ranks 9th in terms of total land under organic cultivation. Further, India has the largest number of certified organic producers (about 0.84 million) and accounted for 1.18 million tons of certified organic produce. This book has 30 chapters and provides a comprehensive coverage of diverse topics of organic farming including history, concept and principles, nutrient management, pest management, nutritional quality of organic produce, organic livestock production management, organic processing of meat, other forms of organic farming, economics, case studies, certification, market, and policy issues. The extensive coverage of topics is complemented with suitable references, making this an essential reading particularly for students of agricultural sciences. This book will be a valuable resource for students, teachers, researchers and extension personnel interested in organic farming.

The present book is enriched with fifteen chapters contributed by the authorities in their respective fields and who have made significant contributions to sustainable agriculture and natural resource management. This book is a timely exercise which provide an overview of the sustainable agricultural practice and natural resource management, and also give an analytical account of the problems and prospects associated with it. This book will be highly useful for researchers, teachers, students, extension workers, master trainers, progressive farmers as well as common people having concern with sustainable agriculture and natural resource management.

Postharvest Technology involves operations like cleaning, grading, drying, storage, packaging, transport, marketing and utilization. Postharvest losses occur mainly because of improper and inadequate pre and postharvest management practices. These losses can be significantly reduced, if the integrated approaches are adopted in pre and postharvest management of horticultural crops. The concept of integrated approaches encompasses the greater planning of entire demand driven production activity, appropriately linked with pre and postharvest practices. In this context, the present book contains thirty-four chapters, authored by experts in the field, which not only provide an overview of the sustainable horticultural practice and postharvest management, but also give an analytical account of the problems and prospects associated with it. This book will be immense value to students, teachers and researchers as well as growers engaged in the field of dryland fruit crops.

The Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries (NAM S&T Centre) is an inter-governmental organisation with a membership of 47 countries spread over Asia, Africa, Middle East and Latin America. Besides this, 11 S&T agencies and academic / research institutions of Bolivia, Brazil, India, Nigeria and Turkey are the members of the S&T-Industry Network of the Centre. The Centre was set up in 1989 to promote South-South cooperation through mutually beneficial partnerships among scientists and technologists and scientific organisations in developing countries. It implements a variety of programmes including international workshops, meetings, roundtables, training courses and collaborative projects and brings out scientific publications, including a quarterly Newsletter. It is also implementing 8 Fellowship schemes, namely, Joint NAM S&T Centre - ZMT Bremen Fellowship; Joint NAM S&T Centre - ICCBS Fellowship; Joint NAM S&T Centre - DST (South Africa) Training Fellowship on Minerals Processing & Beneficiation; NAM S&T Centre - U2ACN2 Research Associateship in Nanosciences & Nanotechnology; Joint CSIR / CFTRI (Diamond Jubilee) - NAM S&T Centre Fellowship; NAM S&T Centre Research Fellowship; NAM S&T Centre - ACENTDFB Fellowship in Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology; NAM S&T Centre - ASRT, Egypt Fellowship Programme. These activities provide, among others, the opportunity for scientist-to-scientist contact and interaction, training and expert assistance, familiarising the scientific community on the latest developments and techniques in the subject areas, and identification of technologies for transfer between member countries. The Centre has so far brought out 79 publications and has organised 113 international workshops and training programmes.

As a first step towards conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity, documentation of flora and fauna of the region attains top priority. In this context floristic studies of a particular area/region are vital for conservation of native and endemic species of flora and for bringing awareness about the value of wild plants and their uses. For any floristic study authentic identification/recognition of plants in the field is a major challenge since there are a large number of vernacular and common names for the same species as well as different plant species have the same common name. Hence, besides the taxonomic description, to facilitate field identification for the first time the Book provides original photographs of all the plants recorded in the flora illustrating morphology of leaf, flower and fruits besides their common names, vernacular names in Hindi and Sanskrit, habit, habitat and distribution. Also provided for each species are chemical properties, medicinal properties and folklore and traditional medicinal uses which have been compiled from extensive literature search. The book also provides a Glossary of medical and taxonomic terms used as well as an appendix giving the properties of medicinal plant species used for various diseases and ailments in traditional and folk systems of medicines. It is hoped that the book will be equally useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students, teachers, and researchers of Botany/Plant taxonomy/Ethnobotany/Ayurveda/Biochemistry in Colleges and Universities in India and elsewhere and it will generate interest in local plants and their conservation.

This book provides glimpses into the recent 'Mechanisms of toxicity in fishes' and it is first such holistic and explicable attempt, incorporating a comprehensive update account of the heavy metals as water pollutants and almost every essential fundamental aspect about their chronic toxicity in fishes. The book has 2 parts and each is well defined to its contents in total 14 chapters, such as 'Scope of water pollution and the important definitions; Industrial and non-industrial water pollutants; Metal epidemiology; Occurrence of heavy metals in water bodies; Metal uptake and their accumulation in fish tissues; Health risks of metals in fishes; Symptomatic morphological and behavioral aberrations; Metal induced biochemical changes in fish tissues; Hematological and Immunological alterations; Enzymatic alterations; Stress proteins and a specific chapter on 'The Oxidative stress and the Arsenic toxicity'. This book will essentially be of much importance to the fish scientists, ecologists, and the agricultural scientists working in various state universities and ICAR institutes.

The global demand for energy is currently growing beyond the limits of installable generation capacity. To efficiently meet the future energy demands, energy security and reliability needs to be improved and alternative energy sources required to be more aggressively investigated. An effective energy solution should be able to address long-term issues by utilising alternative and renewable energy sources. Of the many available renewable sources of energy, solar energy are clearly a promising option as it is abundantly available at most places and is also the cleanest energy resource on our planet. Solar power, especially as it reaches more competitive levels with other energy sources in terms of cost, may serve to sustain the lives of millions of underprivileged people in developing countries. The recent trends are to decrease the cost of the energy generation either by introducing the low cost processing techniques or by enhancing the efficiency of the solar cells. After the 1st and 2nd generation of the bulk silicon based - and thin-film Si/CdTe/CIGS based solar cells, the 3rd generation technologies are underway. The new technologies include photo-electrochemical cells, polymer solar, quantum dot, tandem / multi-junction, up-conversion and down-conversion, surface plasmonic and nano-crystal solar cells and other novel innovations and inventions. To deliberate on the current trends in solar power generation, its harnessing, storage, solar energy conversion, processing technologies, modeling and simulation plus engineering of the small solar energy generation plants and related issues, the Centre for Science & Technology of the Non-Aligned and Other Developing Countries (NAM S&T Centre) jointly with the Amity University, UP, India - Dubai Campus organised an International Workshop on 'Trends in Solar Power Generation and Energy Harvesting' in Dubai during 27-29 March 2017 which brought together the senior experts and professionals from 23 countries to a common platform. The present book edited by editors Engr. Muhammed Musa Gaji and Dr. Abhishek Verma is a follow up of the above workshop and comprises 20 scientific papers by the authors from 17 countries covering several issues related to the status and trends of solar power generation, designing of solar cells, risk assessment of solar power plants and many other topics. The book will be an asset to the researchers, policy makers in government departments and ministries and non government organisations engaged in renewable energy related issues in the developing countries.

The present book is spread over in twelve chapters viz. veterinary toxicology: an introduction, toxicity of agrochemicals, toxicology of mineral elements, toxicology of metals, toxicology of non-metals, residue toxicology, zootoxins, photosensitization and lathyrism, radiation hazard and toxicity, plant toxicology, plant toxicity, oxalate containing plants, mycotoxins, food and feed additives. This book has been prepared according to the latest syllabus approved by VCI for B.V.Sc. & A.H. degree programme. This is a valuable source for students of veterinary pharmacology and toxicology, teachers, veterinary professionals, veterinary practitioners and also useful for the aspirants of NET/ARS and other allied examinations

The present publication has two parts. Part - 1 deals with Analysis of Body/Texture and flavour of Milk Products-Body Texture Analyser and Electronic Nose, Types of Analytical methods and Development of Analytical methods, Spectroscopic Methods ( U.V. /Vis. Spectroscopy, I.R. Spectroscopy-NIR (Near Infrared), MIR (Mid Infrared), FTIR, NMR ( Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Spectroscopy, Mass Spectroscopy, Microwave Spectroscopy, Atomic Spectroscopy, Ultrasound Spectroscopy), Chromatographic Methods (Paper Chromatography, Thin Layer Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography), Polarimetry and Rapid Techniques for Food Safety and Microbiological Analysis where as Part-2 deals with Analysis of Flavour of Milk Products- Electronic Tongue, Immunoassay (Immuno chemical) techniques, Biosensor techniques, Electrophoresis, Polarography and Voltammetry, Flow Cytometry and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) / Real Time PCR. Author expects that the said publications are able to meet the requirements of dairy men as well as Dairy Educationists.

The present book comprises twelve chapters and comprehensive appendices. The first five chapters contain the directions and procedural details for the estimation of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, phenols, lipids and enzymes. The assays for enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants has mentioned in details in chapter six. The chapter seven, eight and nine deals with the extraction and quantifications procedures of nucleic acids, pigments and plant growth regulators, respectively. The author has covered in chapter ten about the analysis of macro- and micro-nutrients from plant samples in chapter ten. The chapter eleven is exclusively discussed about the microscopic techniques for plant tissue analysis which is foremost imperative for histological study. And the last chapter deals with respective formulae need for the growth analysis parameters. The book has concluded with more useful appendices. This book helps in understanding the different phytochemical analytical methods with step-by-step approach to virtually every topic pertaining in plant analysis with extremely comprehensive scope. This book is unique compilation which cover various plant analytical methods under a single domain. Hope that this book will fulfil the demand of researcher, students as well as teachers with a great standard.

The present edited book aimed at finding out the issues in Intellectual Property Rights & Biotechnology that together referred as Purple Biotechnology. The outline of the book was prepared as a part of the awareness program on the Biotechnology field. The contribution were invited from the people involved in IP field, directly or indirectly. The chapters have covered the substantive matter from India and abroad. The chapters explained advanced scientific knowledge as well as the regulatory framework. The issues and analysis presented in this book will shape the policy and theoretical debates in purple biotechnology, at large. It will be of interest to broad readership, including academicians, lawyers, breeders, design developers, artists, policy makers and research scholars engaged in interdisciplinary research.