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Extension worker is the key person in transfer of technology to social system. The social system is complex in nature. The farmers are differing in their sociological and cultural aspects namely settlement pattern, class, customs, conventions, rituals, norms, values, mores, taboos etc. The social settings and farmers sociological aspects are differ from village to village and region to region. Farmers are having different opinion, attitude and perception towards the technology and technology transfer system based on their past experience. Studying the farmer's sociological and psychological characteristics is very much needed in technology transfer process. Technology transfer programme / plan should be based on the sociological and psychological aspects of farmers. This book deals with the basic sociological and psychological aspects of rural people and will be useful for undergraduate students of agriculture and allied subjects.

Capability for innovation can be developed through a dynamic process involving various stakeholders such as governments, academic and research institutions, and industry with the help of a combination of schemes and programmes for R&D, technology transfer and commercialisation, and for the development of new technology-based industry; backed up by adequate support facilities and suitable institutional mechanisms. The important factors for successful commercialisation of technology include S&T capability, market demand and an agent (an Entrepreneur) which transforms this capability into goods and services, to satisfy such demand. For the technological self reliance, developing countries should encourage academic and research institutions to undertake activities on technology transfer and commercialisation through appropriate policy decisions with greater flexibility wherever required. To deliberate on various issues concerning the technology transfer and its commercialisation, the NAM S&T Centre, in partnership with the Pardis Technology Park (PTP), Tehran, Iran organised an International Training Workshop on 'Commercialisation of Technology' during 23-26 May 2016 at PTP, which brought the scientists, experts and professionals engaged in R&D, policy making and implementation to a common platform for re-assessing and up-gradation of their skills and sharing views and experiences in the transfer and commercialisation of technology. The Tehran Training Workshop was attended by 26 senior professionals from 20 NAM countries, including Cambodia, Cuba, Ghana, India, Iraq, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritius, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Togo, Venezuela, Zambia and Zimbabwe and the host country Iran. The present book edited by Ms. Sheikha Al Akhzami, Acting Director of the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Department at Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman is a follow up of the above Training Workshop and comprises 14 papers by the authors from 9 countries covering several important issues related to commercialisation of technologies. The book will be useful to policy makers, researchers, academicians and other professionals involved with various aspects of technology development and its commercialisation across the countries with emerging economies.

Biodiversity includes different animals, plants, micro-organisms and their genes, water ecosystems, terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Conservation of this biological diversity which includes the variety of the whole species present on earth is important for our future, for human food to feed people on Earth. Biodiversity: Monitoring, Management & Utilization has been designed primarily for students studying biodiversity on a range of courses in botany, zoology, biotechnology, microbiology, environment and ecology. It is beneficial for teachers, as well as generalists and amateurs interested in exploring the fundamentals, uses, threats and conservation of biodiversity. It is also essential reading for anyone requiring an overview of the vast literature on this topic. This volume contains several contributions that illustrate the state of the art of the academic research in the field of biological interactions in its widest sense. The purpose is to increase understanding, awareness and appreciation of the diverse values of biodiversity, necessary to create the willingness to undertake the behavioural changes required to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity. The book has managed to present most of the critical issues surrounding debates over and relations between biodiversity, biotechnology, intellectual property and traditional knowledge. It underscores the ways in which our future is tied to that of Earth's threatened species and demonstrates exactly why conservation is so vitally important for us.

Ashwagandga, Brahmi, ShatawariAre these tonics safe in hypo-hyperthyroidism?Jamun fruit and Karela JuiceAre these receipe safe in diabetes?Arjun, Ashwagandha, KarelaAre they safe during pregnancy?Many more findingsthat will surprise the doctor and the patient alike!Scientific synopsis of 108 and summary of 154 Plant DrugsDoctor: Read it to remain well-informed.Patient: Read it before self-medication

This book is a comprehensive knowledge source to the researchers, teaching faculty, students and other agriculture professionals. Not only importance of water is highlighted as a precious non-renewable natural resource but also the on-farm water management is equally emphasized considering the high water requiring crops as well as most efficient irrigation systems and practices with necessary work sheets. It is hoped that the book serves as a reference source for graduate and post graduate students and faculty in agricultural universities in India and abroad. This book is comprised of 32 chapters prepared on variety of topics by eminent personalities involved in agriculture research, education and extension. Previous exercises made in the country and elsewhere are briefed and new trends in water management are delineated in these chapters. Overall, the issues covered in the book are of practical and policy significance with detailed deliberations which often reappear because of their importance and diversity of experts.

The present book has been written to fulfill the emergence of hue and cry for physical resources in the world which comprise land, water and the biological diversity. Management of landscapes for both production of food and conservation of ecosystem services and wild biodiversity forms the basis for eco-agriculture. In the regime of climate change, accelerated plant genetic resource collection, inventrization, PGR based technology development, assessment, refinement to maintain sustainability, issues related to framed rules, regulation and guidelines are focused in a comprehensive manner. In this book 16 chapters are well designed to cover origin, distribution, collection, evaluation, characterization, core set development, traditional approaches and most recent innovative (tissue culture, slow growth culture, cryo-techniques, molecular and biotechnological) protocols made to vegetable genetic diversity usable in breeding programme, setting trait specific goals for posterity and framing guideline suitable for Indian conditions. This book pertaining to vegetable genetic resources will be a milestone for stakeholders, policy makers, administrators, conservators, researchers, and teachers of India and abroad. It will cater to the needs of B.Sc. (Horticulture), B.Sc. (Agriculture), M.Sc. and Ph.D. (Vegetable Science) students. Collection to conservation methods have been elaborately dealt with, purposely to acquaint stakeholders to students with all aspects of vegetable genetic resources which is the backbone of vegetable crop improvement program. Glossary of important terms at the end is an added feature of this book.

This book is prepared as per the ICAR syllabus by covering all the gender and women empowerment related concepts and terminologies. This book is very useful for UG, PG, and Ph.D. students those who has syllabus related to gender and women empowerment. This book is very useful for competitive exams like UG, PG entrance examinations of ICAR-SAU'S, JRF, SRF, and ICAR-NET.

Agricultural mechanization is a sine-qua-non to minimize drudgery, enhance timeliness and quality of farm operation and produce, improve working comfort besides optimizing the cost of production with higher productivity. Earlier, farmers relied upon muscle power and animate power for various farm operations. But with the passage of time, to meet the food and nutritional requirement of the burgeoning population, efficient farm equipment and devices have been introduced. A need has been felt for scientific testing and evaluation of farm power sources and machines to ensure better quality, reliability and safety based on relevant standards, test codes and safety guidelines. To explain above aspects of reliable testing and evaluation, a book was published in 1995. Based on the feedback from stakeholders and advancement of farm machinery sector, the book has been revised and updated with 20 chapters covering latest machines like rotavator, laser land leveller, zero-till drill, straw combine etc. It is hoped that it will serve the needs of scientists, professional engineers, tractor and agricultural equipment manufacturers, testing institutions, agricultural engineering colleges and staff working at different testing centres in India and abroad as a reference for standardization, quality assurance and further improvement.

The ESW 5th Annual National Conference on "Sustainable Development of Ecosystem, Wildlife and Heritage Conservation for Human welfare"" on 30 & 31 January, 2018 organized by Environment and Social Welfare Society, Khajuraho has its inception when official Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted on 25 September 2015 for sustainable development goals and its associated 169 targets. As the thrusty area for work in climate action provide a field for research and discussion. Keeping above serious issue in mind ESW Society, India President Dr. Ashwani Kumar Dubey has called for action on quality education; clean water and sanitation; climate action; life on land; peace, justice and strong institutions; partnerships for the goals, and nature conservation to be taken in close coordination with global action on The transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. This book provide a platform to academicians, scientists, environmentalist, stakeholders, researchers and students to disseminate knowledge related to nature conservation for future generation.

This book has been designed to cover the undergraduate syllabus of Crop Improvement as per ICAR 5th Deans' committee report book. It covers the entire syllabus in one compact volume of 20 chapters. Hope this volume would be useful to the students, teachers and researchers engaged in the field of Plant Breeding [Crop Improvement], Genetics and Seed Technology.

This book emphasises the poultry diseases, production and its management. It includes detailed coverage of poultry in India and abroad, different breeds, general anatomy and different viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic and nutritional diseases and its control measures. Besides this maintenance & management of poultry farm house and present status of Indian poultry are also incorporated in the book. A separate chapter on terms used in poultry production adds much value to the book as a ready reckoner to understand keywords. Important questions related with the diseases of poultry have also been appended at the end of the book. This book is highly useful for students, teachers and researchers specializing in poultry and veterinary science. It will be equally useful for poultry consultants and diagnosticians.

The book "Integrated Nutrient Management for Sustainable Agriculture" is a compilation of best integrated nutrient management strategies for suggesting answers of various soil and crop related problems, like disparity in NPK consumption, imbalance use of fertilizers, decreasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and decreasing factor productivity etc. The present book suggested appropriate and best INM options for important crops viz., rice, wheat, sorghum, maize, pearl millet, soybean, groundnut, sunflower, cotton, mustard, sugarcane, pulses, vegetables, spices, fruit crops and ornamental plants besides important cropping system of the country for sustaining their productivity on one hand and maintaining soil health for future generation on the other hand. For better understanding of students and researchers some comprehensive and detailed information about soils and crop are provided through appendices. The INM production recommendations and practices given in the book will be very useful for farmers, agriculturists, agronomists, soil scientists, environmentalists, agriculture extension workers, researchers, students, research institutions etc. The book contains 200 INM options covering important crops and cropping systems prevailing in various states for ensuring food security. This books serves as text cum reference book for students, research scholars and those who are actively engaged in different field of Agriculture.

The present book contains concise information on major disease management through applied poultry vaccination and also practical knowledge in the field. The book is immensely helpful in understanding the formulation of vaccination schedules for broilers, layers and breeders. The present book not only covers the preventive aspects of diseases but also contains the detailed information on theoretical and applied practical aspects of poultry immunology and vaccination. Language of the book is simple, presentation is lucid and unambiguous for easy understanding. This book will definitely play a critical role in imparting knowledge in poultry egg and poultry meat industry in terms of disease free maximum/optimum production of good quality eggs and meat from poultry for human consumption. It is hoped that the book is quite useful for students, teachers and researchers of Poultry and Veterinary Science. This book is also a valuable reference source for poultry disease investigator, practicing veterinarian and poultry inspector.

The book envisages the use of under-water electric field for catching fish. The use of electricity for catching fish has been practiced from a long time by the fishermen of different regions, the recorded evidence of which goes to 1886, when one Mr. Isham Bagg was issued a patent in Britain for catching fish with electricity. The author is the first person, who undertook fishing with electric seine as early as 1962 in Odisha, and in 2015 by developing an electric fish catcher. Originally, after several studies on fish electrophysiology, in different countries, the technique was applied in freshwater fisheries, like, streams, rivers, lakes and reservoirs, mainly for research and investigations and fisheries management. In this book, the author has tried to compile the basic principles of electrofishing system, with reference to design, construction and field application with the precautions and safety measures to be followed while construction and use of the electrofishing gear not only for the operational crews, but also for the fishes to avoid unnecessary mortality and injuries. The experiments and trial of electrofishing in sea water, particularly, of pulse trawling for flat fish, Hovercran shrimp trawling, and experiments with pelagic fishes in design criteria for electrical fish harvesting systems, which includes netless fish harvesting and mid-water electric trawling have find place in the book. The principal system components of electric fishing machine, its design consideration, power transmission, both from battery operated backpack and boat mounted electrode array and the factors affecting the efficiency of electrical fishing gear have been taken into account in the book.

Desertification is land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities. This process has already affected one sixth of the world's population, 70% of all dry lands of 3.6 billion hectares, and one quarter of the total land area of the world. The most obvious impact of desertification, in addition to widespread poverty, is the degradation of 3.3 billion hectares of the total area of rangeland, constituting 73% of the rangeland with a low potential for human and animal carrying capacity; decline in soil fertility and soil structure on about 47% of the dryland areas constituting marginal rainfed cropland; and the degradation of irrigated cropland, amounting to 30% of the dry land areas with a high population density and agricultural potential. Keeping the above in view, the NAM S&T Centre in partnership with the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad organised an International Workshop on 'Drought Management and Desertification Control' during 22-24 May 2017 at Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran which brought various stake holders, viz. scientists, experts and professionals engaged in R&D, policy making and implementation, to a common platform for up gradation of their skills and sharing views and experiences in the drought management and desertification control. As a follow up of the above workshop, the present book - 'Drought Management and Desertification Control- Still Miles to Go' - has been edited by Dr. R.P. Dhir and Dr. Kisamba Mugerwa. There are 14 scientific technical papers contributed by the experts from 10 countries. The book is expected to be of great value to all those associated in combating desertification and drought for sustainable food production including the researchers, local communities, rural agencies, national governments, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and regional and international organisations.

Climate change is a big challenge to the mankind. It is well known that the earth's atmosphere is growing warmer due to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions generated by human activity and extensive use of fossil fuels in every sphere of life which is leading to visible climate change across the globe and is also threatening to wipe out the human presence in many regions of the world. The 21st Conference of the Parties - COP21 - to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held in Paris in 2015 reaffirmed the target of keeping the rise in temperature below 2°C. Evolving Energy Models is about practice rather than theory, commencing with the information already possessed by the countries in climatically vulnerable systems such as agriculture, water resources, public health and disaster management, and aims at exploiting the existing synergies and intersecting themes. These Energy Models can be used by the countries to both evaluate and complement the existing planning processes to address climate change adaptations. In order to exhaustively deliberate on above issues, the Centre for Science & Technology of the (NAM S&T Centre) organised the 4th Triennial International Workshop on "Evolving Energy Models in Emerging Economies - COP 21" in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India during 12-14 December 2016 in partnership with the Society of Energy Engineers and Managers (SEEM), India. As a follow up the papers submitted by the participants were compiled and have been brought out in the form of the present book, which has been edited by Dr. Sasi K Kottayil, President, Society of Energy Engineers and Managers (SEEM), India. The book contains 15 scientific / technical papers contributed by the experts from 10 countries. The book is expected to be of great value to the researchers, policy experts and technology service providers, business, civil societies and multi-lateral agencies amongst developing countries on ensuring universal access to modern energy services, financing their clean energy sources as well as taking measures of adaptation to the effects of global warming within the perspective of 'Emerging Energy Models' initiative.

To meet the edible oil demands of ever increasing population, agricultural production is being augmented through the use of new crop varieties and changed economic practices. These practices have enormously increased the incidence of several pests and diseases. Plant diseases cause serious threats to the successful cultivation of oilseed crops resulting in huge losses in their yields. The present book entitled "Diseases of Oilseed Crops and their Management"" includes twelve chapters contributed by eminent researchers in their respective fields. This book focuses primarily on diseases and management of groundnut, linseed, castor, safflower, sesame, soybean, sunflower, rapeseed mustard and niger. The symptoms, causal organism, etiology, disease cycle, epidemiology and management strategies of diseases is presented in this book. Besides these, the breeding for disease resistance in Indian mustard and biotechnology for genetic improvement of oilseed crops are also included. We hope that this book will be of immense use to researchers, teachers, students, plant pathologists, consultants and extension functionaries who concerned with the disease management in the field crop. This book is also used as reference cum textbook in the field of plant pathology.

This book provides an overview of the essential disciplines required for sustainable pulse production in variable environments. Discussion on adapting various management tools and techniques for minimization of stresses to enhance the pulse production has been revealed in the book. Some case studies on climate variability and pulse sustainability has been well illustrated. This book comprises of thirteen chapters covering the pulse production scenario, pulse productivity affected amidst climatic risks and major genomic interventions made, extension approaches depicting policy frame works and a economically viable marketing strategies needed for sustainable pulse production. The nutritional heritages of pulses, latest data on pulse production, area and decadal variability along with export potential have been incorporated. Graphics and case studies from a wide variety of sources enrich the flow of the narratives in the chapters. The book compiles latest findings of studies carried out by the scientists on climate change and its impact on pulses around the world and serves as a ready reckoner to scientists, academicians, students as well as various stake holders to update their knowledge and understanding on the climate change issues.

Soil is a complex structure and encompasses five major components i.e. mineral matter, water, air, organic matter and living organisms. Soil pollution with heavy metals has become a critical environmental concern due to its potential adverse ecological impacts. The rapid industrialization and intensive agricultural activities over the last few decades have resulted in accumulation of various pollutants in the environment, which are distributed over wide areas by means of air and water. This type of contamination typically arises from the application of pesticides, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, oil and fuel dumping, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of industrial wastes on land. During the past decades, the prevention of soil pollution and cleanup of contaminated soils have become a world-wide environmental priority. The goal of soil bioremediation is not only limited to enhance the timely degradation, transformation, remediation, or detoxification of these pollutants by biological means, but also to protect soil quality. The present book is an attempt to introduce several approaches by various scientist and researchers for soil remediation and risk assessment, including advances in phytoremediation and implementation of metabolomics in soil sciences.

Bougainvillea is a very popular flowering plant and extensively grown in parks and gardens specially in tropical countries. The book is first of its kind which is based on scientific studies and personal work experience of the Author. It contains altogether 12 chapters on different aspects on Bougainvillea covering nativity, history, migration, taxonomical description, morphological characterization, growing tips, propagation, cytology, genetics, breeding and molecular characterization. Besides, it contains descriptor of 171 varieties and a checklist of 594 varieties with morphological description for identification purpose. Moreover, the book provides information on classification of varieties on the basis of various parameters and possible mode of use in landscaping. This book provides comprehensive information on all aspects of Bougainvillea in a very simple form and easily understandable. It will serve as a reference text book for undergraduate, post-graduate and Ph. D students. Moreover, Bougainvillea growers, amateur gardeners, breeders and professionals will also be benefitted by this book.

Waste Treatment Processes in Environmental Engineering is a compendium of knowledge concerning Environmental Issues from several experts who are associated with prestigious institutes in India, viz.: IITs, CSIR, NITS, Central Universities, Pollution Control Board. This book endeavors to explore various important topics of immediate concern to all our stake holders, especially students, researches, practitioners, teachers, NGOs etc. This book also introduces the reader about areas of research of the experts in India. Emphasis has been laid on environmental pollution and control and the editors feel that this specific book will be immensely useful to all concerned with Environmental and Ecology encompassing all the three component of Environment, viz.: Air, Water and Solid Waste besides EIAs, cleaner technology, problem associated with implementation including environmental education etc.

Waste Treatment Processes in Environmental Engineering is a compendium of knowledge concerning Environmental Issues from several experts who are associated with prestigious institutes in India, viz.: IITs, CSIR, NITS, Central Universities, Pollution Control Board. This book endeavors to explore various important topics of immediate concern to all our stake holders, especially students, researches, practitioners, teachers, NGOs etc. This book also introduces the reader about areas of research of the experts in India. Emphasis has been laid on environmental pollution and control and the editors feel that this specific book will be immensely useful to all concerned with Environmental and Ecology encompassing all the three component of Environment, viz.: Air, Water and Solid Waste besides EIAs, cleaner technology, problem associated with implementation including environmental education etc.

Waste Treatment Processes in Environmental Engineering is a compendium of knowledge concerning Environmental Issues from several experts who are associated with prestigious institutes in India, viz.: IITs, CSIR, NITS, Central Universities, Pollution Control Board. This book endeavors to explore various important topics of immediate concern to all our stake holders, especially students, researches, practitioners, teachers, NGOs etc. This book also introduces the reader about areas of research of the experts in India. Emphasis has been laid on environmental pollution and control and the editors feel that this specific book will be immensely useful to all concerned with Environmental and Ecology encompassing all the three component of Environment, viz.: Air, Water and Solid Waste besides EIAs, cleaner technology, problem associated with implementation including environmental education etc.

Successful cultivation of crops is hampered due to the occurrence of several aspects like minerals, fertilizers, water stress, insect pests, diseases, nematodes and others. This is a very multifaceted issue in view of the tropical and sub-tropical climate. Therefore, intensive cultivation of high yields varieties/hybrids under high fertility, off-season production, lack of adequate knowledge on plant nutrition and protection, economic constraints to maximize qualitative returns and inability to afford risk. Many technologies using, micropropogate sets, trap crops, botanicals and bio-controls have been developed in some crops and a few are validated in farmers' field. The information on climatic factors, minerals, mutation breeding, cultivation practices, micropropogation, biochemical marker, pests, diseases and nematodes on crops is very much spread. There is no book at present which comprehensively and exclusively deals with the above aspects on crops. The present book deals with integrated pest, disease, nematode management, regulatory, physical, cultural, chemical, organic amendments, biological, host plant resistance and integrated methods. This book is a useful reference to students, forthcoming researchers, extension workers and policy makers. The book can also be used for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate courses as well.

Successful cultivation of crops is hampered due to the occurrence of several aspects like minerals, fertilizers, water stress, insect pests, diseases, nematodes and others. This is a very multifaceted issue in view of the tropical and sub-tropical climate. Therefore, intensive cultivation of high yields varieties/hybrids under high fertility, off-season production, lack of adequate knowledge on plant nutrition and protection, economic constraints to maximize qualitative returns and inability to afford risk. Many technologies using, micropropogate sets, trap crops, botanicals and bio-controls have been developed in some crops and a few are validated in farmers' field. The information on climatic factors, minerals, mutation breeding, cultivation practices, micropropogation, biochemical marker, pests, diseases and nematodes on crops is very much spread. There is no book at present which comprehensively and exclusively deals with the above aspects on crops. The present book deals with integrated pest, disease, nematode management, regulatory, physical, cultural, chemical, organic amendments, biological, host plant resistance and integrated methods. This book is a useful reference to students, forthcoming researchers, extension workers and policy makers. The book can also be used for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate courses as well.

Global mapping has recently undergone a transition from discipline oriented technologies, such as geodesy, surveying, photogrammetry and cartography into a methodology oriented integrated discipline of "Geoinformation" based on GPS, remote sensing, digital photography for data acquisition and GIS for data manipulation and data output. Interest in Geoinformation has tremendously grown in recent years in many different ways. This book attempts to present the required basic background for Remote Sensing, Photogrammetry, GIS and GPS in the new Geoinformation concept in which the different methodologies must be combined. The fundamentals of these are described in detail, with an emphasis on global, regional and local applications. This book also provides a comprehensive look at the challenges and discoveries made in this emerging field. This book is designed to meet the needs of a professional audience composed of both practitioners and researchers. The concepts and applications of Geoinformation presented in this book will be of benefit to decision makers across a wide range of fields including those working in environmental management, urban planning, tourism industry, in the emergency services, public health and epidemiology, crime mapping, market analysis and e-commerce, or mineral exploration, among many others. This book is also suitable as a reference text for post-graduate/graduate-level teachers and students in Geology, Geoengineering, Forestry, Environmental Science, Geography, Remote Sensing and all engineering fields. This book is the companion for everyone who desires a rich understanding of how Geoinformation is used in the real world.

Global mapping has recently undergone a transition from discipline oriented technologies, such as geodesy, surveying, photogrammetry and cartography into a methodology oriented integrated discipline of "Geoinformation" based on GPS, remote sensing, digital photography for data acquisition and GIS for data manipulation and data output. Interest in Geoinformation has tremendously grown in recent years in many different ways. This book attempts to present the required basic background for Remote Sensing, Photogrammetry, GIS and GPS in the new Geoinformation concept in which the different methodologies must be combined. The fundamentals of these are described in detail, with an emphasis on global, regional and local applications. This book also provides a comprehensive look at the challenges and discoveries made in this emerging field. This book is designed to meet the needs of a professional audience composed of both practitioners and researchers. The concepts and applications of Geoinformation presented in this book will be of benefit to decision makers across a wide range of fields including those working in environmental management, urban planning, tourism industry, in the emergency services, public health and epidemiology, crime mapping, market analysis and e-commerce, or mineral exploration, among many others. This book is also suitable as a reference text for post-graduate/graduate-level teachers and students in Geology, Geoengineering, Forestry, Environmental Science, Geography, Remote Sensing and all engineering fields. This book is the companion for everyone who desires a rich understanding of how Geoinformation is used in the real world.

Global mapping has recently undergone a transition from discipline oriented technologies, such as geodesy, surveying, photogrammetry and cartography into a methodology oriented integrated discipline of "Geoinformation" based on GPS, remote sensing, digital photography for data acquisition and GIS for data manipulation and data output. Interest in Geoinformation has tremendously grown in recent years in many different ways. This book attempts to present the required basic background for Remote Sensing, Photogrammetry, GIS and GPS in the new Geoinformation concept in which the different methodologies must be combined. The fundamentals of these are described in detail, with an emphasis on global, regional and local applications. This book also provides a comprehensive look at the challenges and discoveries made in this emerging field. This book is designed to meet the needs of a professional audience composed of both practitioners and researchers. The concepts and applications of Geoinformation presented in this book will be of benefit to decision makers across a wide range of fields including those working in environmental management, urban planning, tourism industry, in the emergency services, public health and epidemiology, crime mapping, market analysis and e-commerce, or mineral exploration, among many others. This book is also suitable as a reference text for post-graduate/graduate-level teachers and students in Geology, Geoengineering, Forestry, Environmental Science, Geography, Remote Sensing and all engineering fields. This book is the companion for everyone who desires a rich understanding of how Geoinformation is used in the real world.

Having a thorough knowledge on the fundamental aspects of any subject is essential to analyze and understand its advanced versions. The same is conceptualized in this text book entitled, 'Agricultural Production Economics', as it dealt with all the basic economic concepts of agricultural production and thus, explained the related advanced versions in a more analytical manner. Though several books were authored in the field of 'Agricultural Production Economics', this book is relatively a significant achievement, as it offered simple and lucid explanation for different concepts and primarily designed as an aid for those teaching Agricultural Production Economics. This book harbours an up-dated and standard material on the various aspects of Agricultural Production Economics duly covering the latest syllabi, as prescribed by several State Agricultural Universities in India. It covers both fundamental and applied aspects and is intended to serve as a basis for a course in Agricultural Production Economics and attempts at satisfying a need of under-graduate students of agriculture, post-graduate and doctoral students of Agricultural Economics. This book will also be worthwhile to teachers, researchers, professionals, farmers etc. Hope this volume will also be very useful to the students, who desire to be competent enough in various competitive examinations.

Having a thorough knowledge on the fundamental aspects of any subject is essential to analyze and understand its advanced versions. The same is conceptualized in this text book entitled, 'Agricultural Production Economics', as it dealt with all the basic economic concepts of agricultural production and thus, explained the related advanced versions in a more analytical manner. Though several books were authored in the field of 'Agricultural Production Economics', this book is relatively a significant achievement, as it offered simple and lucid explanation for different concepts and primarily designed as an aid for those teaching Agricultural Production Economics. This book harbours an up-dated and standard material on the various aspects of Agricultural Production Economics duly covering the latest syllabi, as prescribed by several State Agricultural Universities in India. It covers both fundamental and applied aspects and is intended to serve as a basis for a course in Agricultural Production Economics and attempts at satisfying a need of under-graduate students of agriculture, post-graduate and doctoral students of Agricultural Economics. This book will also be worthwhile to teachers, researchers, professionals, farmers etc. Hope this volume will also be very useful to the students, who desire to be competent enough in various competitive examinations.