Bøger udgivet af Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc

Sustainable Energy, Towards a Zero-Carbon Economy Using Chemistry, Electrochemistry and Catalysis provides the reader with a clear outline of some of the strategies, particularly those based on various chemical approaches, that have been put forward with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in order to achieve "zero carbon" by 2050. The author describes the chemistry of some of the processes involved, paying particular attention to those that involve heterogeneous catalytic steps and electrolysis methods. In cases in which the technology is already established, details are given of the reactor systems used. He discusses novel developments in the areas of transport, the production of essential products using renewable energy and the uses of sustainable biomass. Outlines international approaches to cutting or reducing greenhouse gas emissions Describes current production and uses of energy Outlines new approaches to energy supply and usage Discusses the hydrogen economy and the uses of renewable energy Outlines the importance of fuel-cell and electrolysis systems Deiscusses biomass as a resource of energy and fuels

Food Lipids: Sources, Health Implications, and Future Trends presents specific and updated details related to human health and emerging technologies to obtain valuable lipids and lipid analysis of food products. The book covers the most relevant topics of food lipids as main sources (animal, marine and vegetable) and their composition, the implication of different lipids in human health, the main degradative processes and analytical methods for quality. Written for nutrition researchers, food scientists, food chemists and chemical engineers, R&D managers, new product developers, and other professionals working in the food industry and academia, including students, this book is sure to be a welcomed reference. Lipids are vital for human nutrition as they provide energy to the biological processes of the body and contain substances with high importance as essential fatty acids or fat-soluble vitamins. Furthermore, lipids are responsible for many desirable characteristics of foods. However, in recent years consumers are increasingly aware of the diet-health relationship, especially the implication that some lipids exert in the development of different diseases. Provides clear information on obtaining, characterizing and applying lipids in several food products Offers strategies to apply new emerging technologies to the recovery of valuable lipids from food by-products, the use of innovative techniques of encapsulation to protect highly oxidizable lipids, and the use of this lipids to produce healthier foods Includes definitions, applications, literature reviews, recent developments, methods and end-of-chapter glossaries

Cosmetic manufacturers use nanoscale size ingredients to provide better UV protection, deeper skin penetration, long-lasting effects, increased color and finish quality. This approach enables the forming of nanoscale cosmetic ingredients, which can possess active components readily absorbed into the skin, repair damage easily, and promote improved product outcomes.Nanotechnology for the Preparation of Cosmetics using Plant-Based Extracts explores the various applications of nanotechnology in the cosmetic industry. Techniques for the development of cosmetic are a topic of increasing interest with widespread opportunities for potential applications in a broad range of industrial applications. The book covers a variety of techniques and processes, focusing on its potential applications in the field of skincare and makeup cosmetics. The book will cover not only conventional processes but also innovative and efficient techniques for the preparation of cosmetics exhibiting unique applications in the field.Nanotechnology for the Preparation of Cosmetics using Plant-Based Extracts is an important reference source for materials scientists, engineers and pharmaceutical scientists who want to learn more about the use of cosmetics prepared through nanotechnology to achieve the materials characteristics and enhancements in the mechanism and properties of makeup and skincare. Presents techniques for the design and manufacture of high-performance skincare products using nanotechnology Demonstrates systematic approaches and investigations for the design, synthesis, characterization and applications of various plant-based extracts in order to make them effective ingredients for cosmetics creation Assesses the major challenges of using plant-based materials in the manufacture of cosmetic products

Metal Oxide-Carbon Hybrid Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications reviews the advances in the fabrication and application of metal oxide-carbon-based nanocomposite materials. Their unique properties make them ideal materials for gas-sensing, photonics, catalysis, opto-electronic, and energy-storage applications. In the first section, the historical background to the hybrid materials based on metal oxide-carbon and the hybridized metal oxide composites is provided. It also highlights several popular methods for the preparation of metal oxide-carbon composites through solid-state or solution-phase reactions, and extensively discusses the materials'' properties. Fossil fuels and renewable energy sources cannot meet the ever-increasing energy demands of an industrialized and technology-driven global society. Therefore, the role of metal oxide-carbon composites in energy generation, hydrogen production, and storage devices, such as rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors, is of extreme importance. These problems are discussed in in the second section of the book. Rapid industrialization has resulted in serious environmental issues which in turn have caused serious health problems that require the immediate attention of researchers. In the third section, the use of metal oxide-carbon composites in water purification, photodegradation of industrial contaminants, and biomedical applications that can help to clean the environment and provide better healthcare solutions is described. The final section is devoted to the consideration of problems associated with the development of sensors for various applications. Numerous studies performed in this area have shown that the use of composites can significantly improve the operating parameters of such devices. Metal Oxide-Carbon Hybrid Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications presents a comprehensive review of the science related to metal oxide-carbon composites and how researchers are utilizing these materials to provide solutions to a large array of problems. Reviews the fundamental properties and fabrication methods of metal-oxide-carbon composites Discusses applications in energy, including energy generation, hydrogen production and storage, rechargeable batteries, and supercapacitors Includes current and emerging applications in environmental remediation and sensing

Waste-to-Resource System Design for Low-Carbon Circular Economy equips the user with the necessary knowledge to carry out the preliminary design and optimization of economically viable and environmentally friendly waste-to-resource systems. This book covers the state-of-the-art development of technologies and processes in terms of six types of bioresources (i.e. energy, biohydrogen, biomethane, bioethanol, biodiesel, and biochar) that are recoverable from waste. The focused technologies and processes, such as anaerobic digestion, fermentation, pyrolysis, gasification, and transesterification are being widely applied-or have the potential to be used-towards sustainable waste management. It also covers the methods needed for the design and optimization of waste-to-resource systems, i.e., multiobjective optimization, cost-benefit analysis, and life cycle assessment, as well as systematic and representative databases on the parameters of the processes, costs, and the advantages and disadvantages of technologies. Finally, the book adopts a problem-based method to facilitate audiences to quickly gain the knowledge and skill of designing and optimizing waste-to-resource systems. Includes an up-to-date understanding of the fundamentals and mechanisms of promising waste-to-resource technologies and processes Describes the methods that are needed for the design and optimization of waste-to-resource systems, i.e., multiobjective optimization, cost-benefit analysis, and life cycle assessment Provides systematic and representative databases on the parameters of the processes, costs, and advantages and disadvantages of different waste-to-resource systems Covers different types of waste-to-resource technologies, categorized into waste-to-energy, waste-to-biohydrogen, waste-to-biomethane, waste-to-bioethanol, waste-to-biodiesel, and waste-to-biochar

Advances in Subsurface Data Analytics: Traditional and Physics-Based Approaches brings together the fundamentals of popular and emerging machine learning (ML) algorithms with their applications in subsurface analysis, including geology, geophysics, petrophysics, and reservoir engineering. The book is divided into four parts: traditional ML, deep learning, physics-based ML, and new directions, with an increasing level of diversity and complexity of topics. Each chapter focuses on one ML algorithm with a detailed workflow for a specific application in geosciences. Some chapters also compare the results from an algorithm with others to better equip the readers with different strategies to implement automated workflows for subsurface analysis. Advances in Subsurface Data Analytics: Traditional and Physics-Based Approaches will help researchers in academia and professional geoscientists working on the subsurface-related problems (oil and gas, geothermal, carbon sequestration, and seismology) at different scales to understand and appreciate current trends in ML approaches, their applications, advances and limitations, and future potential in geosciences by bringing together several contributions in a single volume. Covers fundamentals of simple machine learning and deep learning algorithms, and physics-based approaches written by practitioners in academia and industry Presents detailed case studies of individual machine learning algorithms and optimal strategies in subsurface characterization around the world Offers an analysis of future trends in machine learning in geosciences

Behaviour of Building Structures Subjected to Progressive Collapse gives in-depth and up-to-date quantitative and numerical analysis of building structures against progressive collapse. It does so at various levels, including bare steel joints, composite joints and sub-assemblages and frames under quasi-static loading conditions. The book provides analysis of the force transfer mechanisms of composite structures and reinforced concrete structures, along with detailed numerical models that shed light on the effects of critical parameters on progressive collapse resistances. It includes direct design methods that take into account various collapse-resisting mechanisms. The collapse of the World Trade Center in New York has spurred extensive experimental study and numerical analysis of the structural behavior of buildings under progressive collapse scenarios. Although design guidelines have been published by governments, most are missing up-to-date numerical and experimental results, quantitative accounts of force transfer mechanisms, and numerical guidelines. Offers in-depth analysis and numerical modeling for building structures against progressive collapse Provides analysis of the force-transfer mechanisms of composite and reinforced concrete structures Gives detailed numerical models that shed light on the effects of critical parameters on progressive resistances Includes direct design methods that take into account various collapse resisting mechanisms Offers a comprehensive reference for progressive collapse analysis and the design of building structures

Microbiome, Immunity, Digestive Health and Nutrition: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Prevention and Treatment addresses a wide range of topics related to the role of nutrition in achieving and maintaining a healthy gut microbiome. Written by leading experts in the field, the book outlines the various foods, minerals, vitamins, dietary fibers, prebiotics, probiotics, nutritional supplements, phytochemicals and drugs that improve gut health. It specifically addresses molecular and cellular mechanisms and pathways by which these nutritional components contribute to the physiology and functionality of a healthy gut microbiome and gut health. Intended for nutrition researchers and practitioners, food experts, gastroenterologists, nurses, general practitioners, public health officials and health professionals, this book is sure to be a welcomed resource. Outlines the nutritional guidelines and healthy lifestyle that is important to boost gut health Demonstrates the effects of diverse environmental stressors in the disruption of the gastrointestinal ecology Discusses the molecular and immunological mechanisms associated with healthy gut microbiome functions Addresses how to boost healthy gut microflora and microbiome Suggests areas for future research of microbiome-based nutrition and therapies

Mechanics of Fibrous Networks covers everything there is to know about the mechanics of fibrous networks, from basic analysis of simple networks to the characterization of complex cases of deformation, loading, damage and fracture. Looking at various types of fibrous materials, the book studies their microstructural characterization, quantification of their mechanical properties, and performance at fiber and network levels. In addition, the book outlines numerical strategies for simulation, design and optimization of fibrous products. Techniques for testing the mechanical response of these materials in different loading and environmental conditions are outlined as well. This comprehensive resource will aid readers in obtaining qualitative data for various fibrous networks. In addition, it will help them develop modeling strategies and fine-tune mechanical performance fibrous networks and products by changing their microstructure to develop new products with desired properties and performance.

Approx.256 pages

Natural fiber composites have experienced a renaissance over the last two decades as a response to societal demands for developing eco-friendly, biodegradable and recyclable materials. They are now being extensively used in everyday products as well as in automotive, packaging, sports and the construction industries. These fibers require surface treatments in order to improve their properties and interfacial bonding with polymer matrices, and to reduce their hydrophilic character. These methods can be grouped into three major categories: chemical, physical and biological. Chemical methods use chemical reagents to reduce fibers'' hydrophilic tendency and thus improve compatibility with the matrix. They also expose more reactive groups on the fibre surface to facilitate efficient coupling with the matrix. Physical methods change structural and surface properties of the fiber and thereby influence the interfacial bonding with matrices, without extensively changing the chemical composition of the fibers. They are cleaner and simpler than the chemical methods. Biological methods use biological agents like fungi, enzymes and bacteria to modify the fiber surface properties. These methods are not toxic like chemical methods and are not energy-intensive like physical methods.Surface Treatment Methods of Natural Fibers and their Effects on Biocomposites presents an overview and recent developments of these methods. All the major methods are reviewed, explaining the science and methodology behind each method. The effects of these methods on various properties of fibers and the biocomposites made from these fibers are analyzed in detail.The book will be an essential reference for academic researchers, materials scientists and engineers, postgraduate students and industrial researchers and development scientists and engineers working on natural fibers and biocomposites. Extensive coverage of all the surface modification methods (chemical, physical, biological) of natural fibers and its effect on properties of produced composites The chemical mechanisms which are utilized in surface treatments are discussed in detail and how these affect the interfacial properties and characteristics Systematic and comprehensive review on surface modifications of natural fibres, and explains how the effect of the surface treatment can be characterized and measured, as well as the effect on properties

Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation and Its Applications delivers a detailed overview of the various instruments used in the biomedical and healthcare domain, focusing on both their main features and their uses in the medical industry. Each chapter focuses on biomedical instrumentation in a different medical discipline, covering a range of different topics including radiological devices, instruments used for blood analysis, defibrillators, ventilators, nerve stimulators and baby incubators. This book seeks to provide the reader with in-depth knowledge on biomedical devices, thus enabling them to contribute to the future development of instruments in the healthcare domain. This is a concise handbook that will be useful to students, researchers and practitioners involved in biomedical engineering, as well as doctors and clinicians who specialize in areas such as cardiology, anesthesiology and physiotherapy. Provides detailed insights into a variety of biomedical instruments for use in different medical areas such as radiology, cardiology and physiotherapy Considers the advantages, disadvantages and future developments of various biomedical instruments Equips researchers with an understanding of the working principles of various instruments, thus preparing them for the future development and design of innovative devices in the health domain Contains various mathematical derivations and numerical data that connect theory with the practical environment Features a section on patient safety and infection control in relation to the use of biomedical instruments

Modeling Tools for Planning Sustainable Biomass and Waste Conversion into Energy and Chemicals: Optimization of Technical, Economic, Environmental and Social Key Aspects provides practical knowledge on the technical, economic and environmental aspects of bioenergy, biorefining, and waste-to-energy systems through modeling. The book covers key-technologies and cutting-edge advances for biomass assessment using statistics and GIS systems, logistics optimization using Vehicle Routing Problem solvers, Neural Networks and Optimization models based on MILP and NLP, and energy demand assessment. Finally, the book illustrates the application of the methodologies covered through a number of case studies, quizzes and exercises. In addition, sections cover feasibility plans for biorefineries and combined heat and power systems, and the fundamentals and challenges of modeling biomass and waste conversion processes, such as anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, gasification, combustion, transesterification, fermentation and hydroprocessing. The authors also examine economic and market factors influencing feedstock availability and price and provide tools for environmental and social impact analysis.

This fully revised and updated second edition of Insect Pests of Potato now includes an opening section with a basic overview of agronomic and economic issues as they relate to potato production. It also features a new section that reviews potato production, as well as problems caused by insect pests and solutions to these problems, in all major potato-growing regions of the world. Further, a new section discusses theoretical foundations of potato pest management and includes chapters on ecological theory, evolutionary theory, and a case study on their applications to elucidate differences between Eastern and Western populations of Colorado potato beetle in North America. There is also a new chapter on the foundations of integrated pest management and their applications in controlling insect pests. The sections on the biology of main pests and on control methods now feature the latest information, including emphasis on recent advances in molecular biology and genomics. Information on the use of dsRNA technology for pest control is also included, as are new chapters on potato ladybirds and on hemipterous pests other than aphids and psyllids. This second edition provides improved integration and logical connections among chapters and expanded geographic scope of coverage making it the ideal reference on the topic. Fully revised and updated with new sections on potato-growing regions and theoretical foundations of potato pest management using ecological theory, evolutionary theory and relevant case study insights Contains improved integration and logical connections among chapters, expanded geographic scope of coverage, and scientific advances Emphasizes recent advances in molecular biology and genomics, including the use of dsRNA technology for pest control

The solutions to technical challenges posed by flight and space exploration tend to be multidimensional, multifunctional, and increasingly focused on the interaction of systems and their environment. The growing discipline of biomimicry focuses on what humanity can learn from the natural world. Biomimicry for Aerospace: Technologies and Applications features the latest advances of bioinspired materials-properties relationships for aerospace applications. Readers will get a deep dive into the utility of biomimetics to solve a number of technical challenges in aeronautics and space exploration. Part I: Biomimicry in Aerospace: Education, Design, and Inspiration provides an educational background to biomimicry applied for aerospace applications. Part II: Biomimetic Design: Aerospace and Other Practical Applications discusses applications and practical aspects of biomimetic design for aerospace and terrestrial applications and its cross-disciplinary nature. Part III: Biomimicry and Foundational Aerospace Disciplines covers snake-inspired robots, biomimetic advances in photovoltaics, electric aircraft cooling by bioinspired exergy management, and surrogate model-driven bioinspired optimization algorithms for large-scale and complex problems. Finally, Part IV: Bio-Inspired Materials, Manufacturing, and Structures reviews nature-inspired materials and processes for space exploration, gecko-inspired adhesives, bioinspired automated integrated circuit manufacturing on the Moon and Mars, and smart deployable space structures inspired by nature. Introduces educational aspects of bio-inspired design for novel and practical technologies Presents a series of bio-inspired technologies applicable to the field of aerospace engineering Provides an introduction to nature-inspired design and engineering and its relevance to planning and developing the next generation of robotic and human space missions

Sustainable Biodiesel: Real-World Designs, Economics, and Applications offers a unique, integrated approach that combines cutting-edge research results and the day-to-day aspects of biodiesel production at the industrial level. It brings together experienced academics and recognized industry experts to explore the most practical elements of research and discuss the limitations and future needs of the industry. The book critically reviews strategies for implementing biodiesel-based biorefineries, feedstock supply chains, reactor technologies, processes for biodiesel production, and biodiesel combustion, including advanced fuel formulations containing biodiesel. The authors examine biodiesel plants from the point of view of design, operation, quality control, and sustainability, including life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC). Policy and regulatory constraints in biodiesel production and commercialization as well as future trends and needs of the industry are also covered. This book, as a volume of the "Biomass and Biofuels" series, provides researchers and practitioners in the field of biomass and biofuels with a well-rounded understanding of how the technologies developed in the lab can be deployed at commercial scale in a sustainable and cost-efficient way. This allows biofuels researchers to better develop technology that is fit for upscaling in an industrial setting and complies with sustainability goals. Practicing engineers, on the other hand, find in this volume up-to-date information on available technology, the latest advances, and future trends that will inform their decision-making when planning, implementing, and troubleshooting biodiesel-based bioenergy systems.

Defects in Two-Dimensional Materials addresses the fundamental physics and chemistry of defects in 2D materials and their effects on physical, electrical and optical properties. The book explores 2D materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD). This knowledge will enable scientists and engineers to tune 2D materials properties to meet specific application requirements. The book reviews the techniques to characterize 2D material defects and compares the defects present in the various 2D materials (e.g. graphene, h-BN, TMDs, phosphorene, silicene, etc.). As two-dimensional materials research and development is a fast-growing field that could lead to many industrial applications, the primary objective of this book is to review, discuss and present opportunities in controlling defects in these materials to improve device performance in general or use the defects in a controlled way for novel applications. Presents the theory, physics and chemistry of 2D materials Catalogues defects of 2D materials and their impacts on materials properties and performance Reviews methods to characterize, control and engineer defects in 2D materials

Psychiatric Genomics presents and synthesizes available knowledge in the field of psychiatric genomics, offering methodologies to advance new research and aid clinical translation. After providing an introduction to genomics and psychiatry, international experts discuss the genomic basis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, addictions, eating disorders, and sleep disorders, among other disorders. In addition, recommendations for next steps in clinical implementation and drug discovery are discussed in-depth, with chapters dedicated to pharmacogenomics and antipsychotics, antidepressants and mood stabilizers, adverse drug reactions, implementation of pharmacogenomics in psychiatric clinics, and ethical issues. Finally, methods sections provide a solid grounding in research approaches and computational analytics, from using animal models in psychiatric genomics and accessing biobanks, to employing computational analysis, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), brain pathophysiology, and endophenotypes in psychiatric research. Thoroughly examines the genetic mechanisms underlying a broad range of psychiatric disordersOffers genomic methodologies and analytical approaches supporting new research and clinical translation, including personalized diagnosis and treatment modelsFeatures chapter contributions from international leaders in the field

Neuroplasticity: From Bench to Bedside, Volume 184 in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, provides a comprehensive multidisciplinary guide to neuroplasticity. Sections summarize the basic mechanisms of neuroplasticity, focus on neuroplasticity in movement disorders, discuss brain oscillations in neurological disorders, segue into plasticity in neurorehabilitation, and cover issues of inflammation and autoimmunity in neuroplasticity. The book concludes with a section on neuroplasticity and psychiatric disorders.

Space Micropropulsion for Nanosatellites: Progress, Challenges and Future features the latest developments and progress, the challenges faced by different researchers, and insights on future micropropulsion systems. Nanosatellites, in particular cubesats, are an effective test bed for new technologies in outer space. However, most of the nanosatellites have no propulsion system, which subsequently limits their maneuverability in space. Explains why nanosatellite requirements need unique micro-technologies to help develop a compliant propulsion system Features an overview of nanosatellites and the global nanosatellite market Covers chemical and electric micropropulsion and the latest developments

Personalized Health Systems for Cardiovascular Disease is intended for researchers, developers, and designers in the field of p-health, with a specific focus on management of cardiovascular diseases. Biomedical engineers will benefit from coverage of sensors, data transmission, signal processing, data analysis, home and mobile applications, standards, and all other subject matters developed in this book in order to provide an integrated view of the different and multidisciplinary problems related to p-health systems. However, many chapters will also be interesting to physicians and other professionals who operate in the health domain. Students, MS and PhD level, mainly in technical universities, but also in medical schools, will find in this book a complete view of the manifold aspects of p-health, including technical problems related to sensors and software, to automatic evaluation and correct interpretation of the data, and also some legal and regulatory aspects. This book mainly focuses on the development of technology used by people and patients in the management of their own health. New wearable and implantable devices allow a continuous monitoring of chronic patients, with a direct involvement of clinical centers and physicians. Also, healthy people are more and more interested in keeping their own wellness under control, by adopting healthy lifestyles and identifying any early sign of risk. This is leading to personalized solutions via systems which are tailored to a specific patient/person and her/ his needs. However, many problems are still open when it comes to p-health systems. Which sensors and parameters should be used? Which software and analysis? When and how? How do you design an effective management plan for chronic pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases? What is useful feedback for the patient or for the clinician? And finally, what are the limits of this approach? What is the view of physicians? The purpose of this book is to provide, from a technical point of view, a complete description of most of the elements which are part of such systems, including the sensors and the hardware, the signal processing and data management procedures, the classification and stratification models, the standards and the regulations, focusing on the state of the art and identifying the new directions for innovative solutions. In this book, readers will find the fundamental elements that must be taken into account when developing devices and systems in the field of p-health. Provides an integrated approach to design and development of p-health systems which involves sensors, analysis software, user interfaces, data modeling, and interpretation. Covers standards and regulations on data privacy and security, plus safe design of devices. Supported by case studies discussing development of actual solutions in the biomedical engineering field.

Smart Agrochemicals for Sustainable Agriculture proposes products that fulfill the need for chemicals that provide a sustainable delivery system for nutrients necessary to maximize production of agricultural animals and plants while producing the smallest possible environmental footprint. Over the past decade, biobased chemicals have received significant attention as candidate resource materials in fertilizers and agrochemicals production due to their renewability. Substitution of conventional raw materials with biobased requires a new approach towards development of technology. On the other hand, the use of biobased chemicals, such as biostimulants, bioregulators, biofertilizers offers a host of a new palette of products which are natural and thus their application does not pose an impact on the environment (residues), nor the cultivated plants. This book addresses all aspects related to the production process, including chemical formulas, stability of formulations, and the application of the effect of its utilization. Presents ideas for new products that provide appropriate nutrition while limiting environmental footprint Includes full range of the production process from chemical formulas, to establishing the stability of formulations, application and effect Offers a host of a new products which are natural and whose application does not negatively impact the environment nor the cultivated plants

Emerging Techniques for Treatment of Toxic Metals from Wastewater explores the different physical and chemical methods that can be used to remove toxins from wastewater, including adsorption, solvent extraction, ion exchange, precipitation, filtration and photocatalytic degradation. Bringing together contributions from leading experts in the field, the book covers each of the different techniques in detail, combining emergent research outcomes with fundamental theoretical concepts to provide a clear appraisal of the different techniques available, along with their applications. It is an essential recourse for researchers, industrialists and students concerned with the remediation of toxic metals from water and wastewater.