Bøger udgivet af Elsevier Science

Synthesis of Six- and Seven-Membered Heterocycles: The Role of DMF and its Synthesis compares different synthetic approaches using DMF, including the advantages and disadvantages of those reactions, green methods, and the sustainability of reported synthetic methodologies, especially the microwave methods. The book presents several methodologies for the synthesis of six- and seven-membered heterocyclic compounds using dimethylformamide. Users will find the most up-to-date information in this fast-moving field which can be particularly challenging. With DMF drawing the attention of synthetic organic chemists, this book will help readers understand further developments in the uses of dimethylformamide beyond just its use as a polar solvent. As it can be expected that the use of dimethylformamide as a precursor will continue to grow in organic synthesis with new applications in sustainable and green chemistry, this book provides an ideal primer on the topics covered.

Functional Dietary Lipids: Food Formulation, Consumer Issues and Innovation for Health, Second Edition discusses this important component of the human diet and the ways it plays an essential functional role. As with the previous edition, this book covers the functionality and nutritional benefits of dietary fat in food in terms of formulation, manufacturing and innovation for health. It contains approximately 35% new content, including 5 new chapters as well as updated content in previous chapters. New content covers the health effects of fat-soluble compounds, the sustainability aspects of vegetable oil production; process engineering of fats to improve functionality and quality, and more. This second edition also includes updated data on regulations, including nutritional profiling, signposting, taxation and advertising restrictions, and the regulatory approval of novel sources of lipids. This book will be a useful reference for those wanting to explore human nutrition and dietary lipids as well as those involved in decision-making surrounding food formulation and manufacturing.

Epidemiology of Cannabis: Genotoxicity, Neurotoxicity, Epigenomics and Aging provides a novel and comprehensive exploration of four areas that have previously been associated with cannabis use, namely mental health in adults and young adults, pediatric autism, congenital anomalies, and pediatric cancers, including testicular cancer. The book also explores the possibility of how these associations might be reflected in overall disease trends at the population health level. This book surveys these four areas in detail and applies cutting-edge analytical software and geospatial space-time analytical techniques to these questions.With all this information gathered into one book in an easily readable form, this book is a reference for clinicians, health science and allied health practitioners, public health and basic science researchers and drug and health regulators interested in these topics. It is also suitable for inclusion in course work and study preparation courses at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

Advanced Hybrid Composite Materials and Their Applications provides a basic understanding of the engineering of hybrid composite materials. The main topics covered include the fundamental principles of hybrid composite materials, their properties, chemistry, fabrication, and applications. New and modern ways of synthetic engineering are also discussed in detail. The book brings together two very important classes of engineering materials and explains their properties in an easy-to-understand manner. It also covers the latest research outcomes and new technologies from synthetic processes right though to recent applications in different industrial sectors. This book will benefit those with no previous background knowledge as well as the expert working in this field. It will serve as a single comprehensive information resource on various types of engineering materials.

Insects as Food and Food Ingredients: Technological Improvements, Sustainability, and Safety Aspects addresses the use of insects as food by following a farm-to-fork approach and covering general aspects concerning farming, processing and the main applications of insects and insect derived ingredients in the food sector. Broken into three sections, this book addresses insect farming, the challenges of processing whole insects, or their fractionation into insect ingredients by the means of conventional and innovative technologies, as well as the biological properties, application, safety, functionality and nutritional value of both insects and their ingredients for food applications. Nutrition researchers, nutritionists, food scientists, health professionals, agricultural researchers, biosystem engineers and those working in or studying related disciplines will benefit from this reference.

GNSS Monitoring of the Terrestrial Environment: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Climate Change presents the application of GNSS technologies to natural hazards on Earth. The book details the background theory of the GNSS techniques discussed and takes the reader through applications and implementation. Tables comparing GNSS with other geodetic techniques, such as SAR, VLBI, SLR, and conventional geodetic methods such as strainmeters, tiltmeters, and leveling surveys are also included. The book concludes with a chapter bridging both parts, discussing the relationship between earthquakes, volcanism, and climate change. The book is aimed at academics, researchers, and advanced students working in the fields of remote sensing technologies or natural hazards. It is divided into two parts, with the first covering the monitoring of earthquakes, volcanoes, and applications of GNSS signals to better understand earthquakes and volcanism, while the second part covers monitoring climate change with GNSS.

Microgrid Methodologies and Applications provides step-by-guide guidance on the implementation of microgrids projects that is informed by current scientific principles, emergent technologies such as modern power electronic interfaces, energy storage systems, multi-vector energy systems, and a close study of recent case studies. Addressing the full end-to-end microgrid project lifecycle, the work encompasses planning, design, operation, control, trading and evaluation, with a significant focus on novel business model, regulation and policy considerations. The book explains to readers how they can operationalize robust microgrids which account for engineering reality, uncertainties, and operating constraints. It delivers precise and rigorous real case studies for project managers, designers and policy and decision-makers. The methodologies section provides step-by-step guidance on implementing projects for postgraduate students, researchers and practitioners, while the applications section provides an array of demonstrative `case studies which exemplify the use of optimal methods and leading-edge technologies.

Renewable Energy - Volume 2: Wave, Geothermal, and Bioenergy: Definitions, Developments, Applications, Case Studies, and Modelling and Simulation is the next volume in this comprehensive resource for those wanting an extensive reference on these specialized technologies. Providing a structured approach to the emerging technologies and advances in implementation of Geothermal and Biofuels systems, this reference addresses geothermal and biofuel coverage in a logical and accessible arrangement. From definitions to developments in technology and applications, to case studies, modelling examples and lifecycle analysis, this book considers the most requested and desirable practical elements of geothermal and biofuel technologies from an applied perspective. This coordinated approach allows for stand alone, accessible and functioning chapters dedicated to particular energy sources. This is a suitable reference for students and post-doctoral research fellows working on projects related to renewable energy, sustainability and energy system design.

Mechanics of Bonded and Adhesively Bonded Joints provides an overview of the most effective analytical solutions for common bonded and adhesively bonded joints. In each type of joint analyzed, the analytical stress solution is formulated and final numerical results are provided for easy use and self-learning. Analytical and high-efficiency semianalytical methods for interfacial stress and fracture analysis of various bonded and adhesively bonded joints are provided as are related joint design insights and advanced applications in structures and devices. Fundamentals of elasticity, fracture mechanics, and viscoelasticity are also introduced. The book starts by introducing different kinds of joining technology and how joints are classified, followed by chapters looking at the fundamentals of elasticity and fracture mechanics. From there the book explores various analytical solutions to interfacial stresses, strength and toughness of bonded joints, and the viscoelastic mechanics of adhesives and concludes with a chapter covering the applications of these joining theories, exploring their use in smart materials, microelectronics packaging, surface coatings, laminated composite materials, and more.

Advance Upcycling of By-products in Binder and Binder-Based Materials focuses on research trends in binder and binder-based materials containing by-products. The book covers the properties of these materials, both physical and mechanical, and their durability, as well as their inner structure, both at the micro and nano-scale. The reuse of by-products within binder systems is also discussed as well as innovative approaches and advanced solutions for making cost-, ecology-, and environmental-friendly hydraulic binder and binder-based materials from the upcycling of by-products. The book also looks at additive manufacturing and explains the effects of by-products on the properties of binder and binder-based materials. As a consequence of the popularity of additive manufacturing, various by-product materials, in terms of constructional application, are also identified. These include latent hydraulic supplements, activators of transport properties, and increase in inner strength and durability.  The book will be an essential reference resource for academic and industrial researchers, materials scientists and civil engineers and all those who are working in the development of 'greener' construction materials and utilization of waste and other fine by-products in the production of environmentally-friendly concrete.

Treatise on Process Metallurgy: Volume One, Process Fundamentals provides academics with the fundamentals of the manufacturing of metallic materials, from raw materials into finished parts or products. In these fully updated volumes, coverage is expanded into four volumes, including Process Fundamentals, encompassing process fundamentals, structure and properties of matter; thermodynamic aspects of process metallurgy, and rate phenomena in process metallurgy; Processing Phenomena, encompassing interfacial phenomena in high temperature metallurgy, metallurgical process phenomena, and metallurgical process technology; Metallurgical Processes, encompassing mineral processing, aqueous processing, electrochemical material and energy processes, and iron and steel technology, non-ferrous process principles and production technologies, and more. The work distills the combined academic experience from the principal editor and the multidisciplinary four-member editorial board.

Medical Sciences is the leading integrated medical sciences textbook for medical students, and will become your go-to resource for understanding the basic science behind medicine. Packed with information across a wide range of topics, the book provides an excellent introduction to basic medical science as well as areas you will cover throughout medical school, including cell science, biochemistry and human physiological systems. This book is well loved and used by thousands of undergraduates and provides a thorough overview for revision, with enough detail to support you through your pre-clinical years. Clear, integrated approach that shows the relevance of the medical sciences to good clinical practiceProvides easy to access physiological information - enhances general knowledgeHighly illustrated to help you grasp key conceptsAccessible and readable to support understandingInteractive MCQs help with revisionSuitable for final exam preparationRevised and updated, with additional new figuresExpanded examples on key clinical topics including metabolic diseases and psychiatric illnessUpdated genetics chapter to include newer molecular technologies in this fast-moving areaNew material throughout the book on the SARS-CoV2 virus and its effects on the human body through the disease, COVID-19. New material on disease surveillance and health inequalities

Spatial Modeling of Environmental Pollution and Ecological Risk provides valuable information and insights for researchers, students and professionals in geography, hydrology, sedimentology, soil science, agriculture, engineering and GIS as they face increasingly complex challenges around development strategies for a sustainable society. Written by the world's leading researchers in their field, each article will begin with a short introductory essay that includes an overview of the sections' papers. Individual chapters focus on the core themes of research and knowledge and some topics that have received lesser attention. Each chapter will review the current understanding of knowledge regarding the present study and scope and consider where future efforts should be directed.

Non-Destructive Material Characterization Methods provides readers with a trove of theoretical and practical insight into how to implement different non-destructive testing methods for effective material characterization. The book starts with an introduction to the field before moving right into a discussion of a wide range of techniques that can be immediately implemented. Various imaging and microscopy techniques are first covered, with step-by-step insights on characterization using a polarized microscope, an atomic force microscope, computed tomography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, infrared tomography, and more. Each chapter includes case studies, applications, and recent developments. From there, elemental assay and mapping techniques are discussed, including Raman spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis, and various others. The book concludes with sections covering displacement measurement techniques, large-scale facility techniques, and methods involving multiscale analysis and advanced analysis.

Industrial Applications of Nanoemulsion presents information about the fundamentals and applications of nanoemulsions. This important reference source for those working in the development of nanoemulsions for various applications in chemical, agricultural and engineering fields provides information on a wide range of applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. These nanoemulsions are made by mixing two immiscible liquids (water and oil) and suitable stabilizing agents (surfactant and co-surfactant), hence their development requires a particular set of details.

Functional Nanocomposite Hydrogels: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications reviews how the unique properties of nanoscale composite materials make them ideal candidates for use in biomedical hydrogels. The book covers a range of key nanocomposite materials for use in biomedical hydrogels, including graphene quantum dot, cellulose and collagen nanocomposites. A wide selection of biomedical applications for functional nanocomposite hydrogels is explored, from drug delivery and cancer therapy, to wound healing and bioimaging. This is a key reference for those working in the fields of biomaterials, nanotechnology, pharmacology, biomedical engineering, and anyone with a particular interest in composites and hydrogels. To improve the properties of conventional hydrogels, nanoparticles or nanostructures are incorporated into the hydrogel networks, forming a composite hydrogel with specialized functional properties which are tailored to a specific biomedical application.

Neurobiology and Physiology of the Endocannabinoid System offers readers a comprehensive reference on the neurobiology of this system and the use of cannabimimetic compounds to induce neurological changes and confer symptom relief. With sections on both natural and synthetic compounds, the book's broad coverage allows readers to learn about their use with multiple conditions, as well as the working biology of the endocannabinoid system, its receptors and its ligands. This volume provides a platform for research on the effects of this system and its modulation in brain function and neurological dysfunction.

Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Methods: Sample Preparation, Protein Digestion, and Research Protocols shares best practices collected across key laboratories and core facilities, taking the reader through key tactics for executing the most usual mass spectrometry experiments. Sections review research making use of MS proteomics experiments, focus on critical sample preparation, cover mammalian cell lines and samples from clinical tissue and biological fluids, discuss subcellular fractionation, provide methods for protein digestion both for in gel and in solution, and delve into key MS proteomics analysis protocols, including label-free LC-MS, TMT and iTRAQ labelled LC-MS, phosphorylation enrichment, ubiquination enrichment, and more. This book is the perfect lab manual for research teams or for use as a new staff training material. Core facility managers may also find it useful for sharing best practices with their staff and researchers.

Human-Machine Interaction for Automated Vehicles: Driver Status Monitoring and the Takeover Process explains how to design an intelligent human-machine interface by characterizing driver behavior before and during the takeover process. Multiple solutions are presented to accommodate different sensing technologies, driving environments and driving styles. Depending on the availability and location of the camera, the recognition of driving and non-driving tasks can be based on eye gaze, head movement, hand gesture or a combination. Technical solutions to recognize drivers various behaviors in adaptive automated driving are described with associated implications to the driving quality. Finally, cutting-edge insights to improve the human-machine-interface design for safety and driving efficiency are also provided, based on the use of this sensing capability to measure drivers' cognition capability.

Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Alkali-Activated Composites: Design, Mechanical Properties, and Durability covers various fiber types and their usage as a sustainable material as well as their influence on mechanical properties and behavior, including compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact and bond resistance. Their durability in different environments (seawater, magnesium sulphate, sulphuric acid, elevated temperature, corrosive) is also discussed. The book also outlines a variety of mix design and curing regimes for alkali-activated composites. The additive manufacturing of these composites is also covered. Different types of fiber-reinforced alkali-activated composites discussed include steel fiber-reinforced, carbon fiber-reinforced, natural fiber-reinforced, synthetic fiber-reinforced, and others.

Renewable Dyes and Pigments takes an interdisciplinary approach to bridging the gap between established knowledge of traditional natural dyes and pigments and their emerging aspects in various rapidly growing industrial sectors. Research into new natural dye and pigment sources along with the discovery of sophisticated instrumentation and technology for their processing, characterization, and applications has greatly assisted in widening their scope in various advanced application disciplines is covered, along with information on a number of synthetic dyes and their detrimental effects on the environment and associated allergic, toxic, carcinogenic, and harmful responses. Amidst growing environmental and health concerns, eco-friendly, non-toxic dyes and pigments from renewable materials have re-emerged as a potential viable, sustainable option as an alternative or co-partner to synthetic compounds. This book covers a wide range of topics related to the chemistry and applications of natural dyes and pigments, with an emphasis on recent technological developments in textile dyeing, the food sector and the use of natural pigments in dye-sensitized solar cells, and more.

Integrative Strategies for Bioremediation of Environmental Contaminants, Volume Two: Avenues to a Cleaner Society focuses on the exploitation of various biological treatment technologies and their use to treat toxic contaminants present in industrial effluent to restore contaminated sites. The book includes coverage of combined treatments of microbes for reuse of wastewater and contaminated soil to successfully achieve eco-restoration, environment protection and sustainable development. In 14 chapters, this reference compiles current and advanced biotechnologies as well as future directions for research. This is a valuable resource for researchers in microbiology, biotechnology, environmental engineering and environmental science, and all those who wish to broaden their knowledge in the field of applied microbiology to develop sustainable waste management.

The Brain of the Critically Ill Pregnant Woman is a volume in the Critical Care in Obstetrics series. This novel reference educates physicians, nurses, and all allied healthcare personnel on updates for caring for pregnant women with neurological compromise. The book's authors have gathered the best evidence-based material that is explicitly focused on severe neurological complications in pregnant patients and postpartum. Among the chapters, the book covers medical-surgical complications that any patient can present, such as head trauma and complications specific to pregnancy.

Four-Membered Heterocycle Synthesis offers a comprehensive approach to these unstable organic compounds, providing a systematic introduction to the synthesis and reactions of all common four-membered heterocycles and illustrating different methods to prepare specific four-membered heterocycles. Four-membered heterocyclic compounds are known as a class of unstable organic compounds because of their strain characteristics, which make them very beneficial as precursors for the formation of a broad range of complex heterocyclic molecules and for synthetic elaboration.

Corrosion engineers today spend enormous amounts of time and money searching multiple detailed sources and variable industry-specific standards to locate known remedies to corrosion equipment problems. Corrosion Atlas Series is the first centralized collection of case studies containing challenges paired directly with solutions together in one location. The second release of content in the series, Corrosion Atlas Case Studies: 2021 Edition, gives engineers expedient daily corrosion solutions for common industrial equipment, no matter the industry. Providing a purely operational level view, this reference is designed as concise case studies categorized by material and includes content surrounding the phenomenon, equipment appearance supported by a color image, time of service, conditions where the corrosion occurred, cause, and suggested remedies within each case study. Additional reference listings for deeper understanding beyond the practical elements are also included. Rounding out with an introductory foundational layer of corrosion principles critical to all engineers, Corrosion Atlas Case Studies: 2021 Edition delivers the daily tool required for engineers today to solve their equipment's corrosion problems. Solves equipment failure with easy-to-find remedies organized by essential elements such as materials, system, part, cause, environmental, and phenomenon Grasps fundamental corrosion elements on all major industrial pieces of equipment, no matter the industry Identify failures by appearance with color figures within each case study

Autoimmune diseases are conditions where the immune system attacks the body organs instead of foreign invaders. This book deals with the various mechanisms by which infectious agents can trigger autoimmunity such as molecular mimicry and polyclonal activation. An overview is given with regard to bacteria, viruses, and parasites associated with autoimmunity, and a summary is given on classical autoimmune diseases and the infecting agents that can induce them. Includes completely updated and new chapters Brings the reader up to date and allows easy access to individual topics in one place Identifies infectious agents as pathogenic or protective in many autoimmune diseases

Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Techniques: Controversies and Evidence offers clinicians a roadmap for navigating the complex decision-making process involved in selecting surgical interventions for children with drug-resistant epilepsy. Over the last decade, the landscape of pediatric epilepsy surgery has undergone substantial transformation, marked by the introduction of several emerging technologies that are now supported by an expanding body of evidence, yet leading to a wide range of treatment practices. This book addresses several decision-making dichotomies in pediatric epilepsy surgery, both in terms of established and novel surgical modalities and techniques. The book explores long-standing debated topics, such as the relative benefits of disconnective compared to resective strategies, the utility of surgical adjuncts like intra-operative electrocorticography, as well as rationales for different surgical approaches, namely selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy versus anteromesial temporal lobectomy. Further, it addresses dichotomies between traditional approaches and contemporary modalities, such as microsurgical resection versus laser interstitial thermal therapy. Chapters also offer comparisons of modern technologies, such as different neuromodulation strategies, including vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and responsive neurostimulation.This book provides readers with the relevant scientific literature and expert commentary to inform evidence-based approaches to surgical care in pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy.

Cannabis and Khat in Drug Discovery: The Discovery Pipeline and the Endocannabinoid System provides comprehensive coverage of two important psychoactive plants: Khat and Cannabis. Initial research has found that compounds and derivatives from Cannabis and Khat are found to have promising properties that can be used for the discovery, design and development of potential drug leads against various diseases. This book extensively discusses the drug discovery and allied sciences of these compounds in the drug discovery pipeline, including basic research and computer aided modeling in ligand-drug interactions and their interactions with the endocannabinoid system. Categorized into sections including, chemical analyses and bioassays, medicinal chemistry, chemical biology and pharmacology, clinical applications, and policy and regulations, this book covers the methods and protocols involved and will be of interest to students, researchers, policymakers and all those involved in drug discovery research.

Smart Diagnostics for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Neuro-sensors explores all available biosensor-based approaches and technologies as well as their use in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic management of a variety of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and epileptic disorders. The book also discusses contemporary and revolutionary biosensor platforms that are being used to produce a quantitative quick lab-on-a-chip point-of-care (POC) assay for several types of predictive and diagnostic biomarkers linked with neurodegenerative disorders. It offers a combinatorial strategy for learning recent advances and designing new biosensor-based technologies in the fields of medical science, engineering and biomedical technology. Early detection of neurological conditions has the potential to treat the disease and extend the life expectancy of patients. Recent improvements in biosensor-based approaches that target specific cell surface biomarkers can be used for early detection of neurodegenerative disease.

Biomechanics of the Aorta: Modeling for Patient Care is a holistic analysis of the aorta towards its biomechanical description. The book addresses topics such as physiology, clinical imaging, tissue and blood flow modeling, along with knowledge that is needed in diagnostics, aortic rupture prediction, assist surgical planning, and more. It encompasses a wide range of topics from the basic sciences (Vascular biology, Continuum mechanics, Image analysis) to clinical applications, as well as describing and presenting computational studies and experimental benches to mimic, understand and propose the best treatment of aortic pathologies. The book begins with an introduction to the fundamental aspects of the anatomy, biology and physiopathology of the aorta and proceeds to present the main computational fluid dynamic studies and biomechanical and mechanobiological models developed over the last decade. With approaches, methodologies and findings from contributors all over the world, this new volume in the Biomechanics of Living Organs series will increase understanding of aortic function as well as improve the design of medical devices and clinical interventions, including surgical procedures.