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HONORIFIC PHRASES IN THIS BOOK(the Exalted): used after the mention of God/Allah to express:Glorified and Exalted is He(bpuh): Blessings and peace be upon him; used after mention of theProphet Muhammad(pbuh): Peace be upon him; used after mention of any prophet or aftermention of Angel Gabriel(May Allah be pleased with him): used after mention of a maleCompanion of the Prophet(May Allah be pleased with her): used after mention of afemale Companion of the Prophet(May Allah be pleased with all of them): used after mention of threeor more Companions of the ProphetABOUT THE WORD 'ALLAH'lthough the English word 'God' has often been usedinterchangeably in this book with the word Allah, there is adifference. 'Allah' is the word in Arabic that is translated as 'God'.However, 'Allah' has a much more precise meaning than 'God'.'Allah' is not merely an Arabic term for the word 'god'. Instead, theroot word of the word 'Allah' is ilah, which means 'a god'. There arecountless numbers of made-up 'gods', but only One True God,Whose name is Allah. The word 'Allah' literally means 'theworshipped', or 'the God'. Allah is, thus, the proper name for theonly Being that is worthy of worship, the True Creator of theuniverse. By saying 'Allah', Muslims are, in essence, negating everyother entity which people wrongfully worship. The name 'Allah' ishow God Almighty has referred to Himself in the Quran, and howProphet Muhammad (blessings and peace be upon him) also referredto Him. Therefore, in this work, the term 'Allah' will often be used inreference to this One and Only God Who is worthy of worshipssarily in accordance with his or her choice; children areraised to follow the religion or ideology of their family, society orculture. Even as newborns, they are assigned either the religion oftheir family or the ideology of the state; in some countries, the child'sassigned religion is even recorded on the birth certificate. By the timeindividuals reach their teens, they have usually accepted the beliefs oftheir parents or their particular society, feeling that they have littlechoice in the matter.However, individuals often encounter, or are exposed to, variousbeliefs and ideologies throughout the course of their lives, leadingmany to question long-held beliefs, traditions or philosophical ideas.They begin to question the validity of their own beliefs. Seekers oftruth often reach a point of confusion, especially upon realizing thatthe believers of every religion, sect, ideology and philosophy claim toprofess the one and only truth.There are only three possibilities: that everyone is correct,everyone is incorrect, or only one is correct and the rest are incorrect.It is impossible for all of them to be upon the true religion since thefundamentals of all religions are different. On the other hand, to claimthat they are all incorrect is to deny that Allah (Glorified and Exaltedis He) revealed His will to humankind. This proposition will seemabsurd to those who believe in a wise Creator. After all, why wouldAllah create human beings and not reveal a way to the truth? Sowhich religion is the right one, and how can the seeker of truthcome to know it? This is the main subject of this work.When beginning the search for the true religion, one should keepthe following four things in mind:

Praise is due to Allah, Who made the life ofearly Muslims pure and shining. Blessings and peaceare for the man, whom Allah sent as a guide andmessenger, for his progeny and companions and forall those who are his comrades and those who arepious.I have divided the book into five chapters and aconclusion:1. Chapter One is about: Historical Books: Causes oftheir Inadequacies2. Chapter Two deals with principles of: CounteringDoubts in Historical Perspectives3. Chapter three presents the principles of:Countering Doubts in the History of Companionsand Family of Prophet4. Chapter four lists down: The Most Significant andReliable Books of Islamic History5. Chapter five deals with the: Books that DistortedIslamic History6. The Conclusion includes the summary of what hasbeen said in the book.Allah is the sustainer of all support!

How to be Happy" is a journey to find true happiness. It is also a Biblical teaching that reveals the truths of God's Word and how we can apply them to our lives. We will read what the Psalms have to say about the joy of the Lord as well as what the Old Testament prophets and New Testament apostles had to say. We will explore the concept of joy and lasting peace in a world full of turmoil. The King James version of the Bible will be used to quote scripture passages. The knowledge presented and practical applications represent the author's walk with God and relationship with the Holy Spirit over the last 60 years. It is his hope that his readers will grow spiritually as they follow after lasting peace and true happiness. Other books by John Marinelli can be reviewed and purchased atwww.marinellichristianbooks.com

Brief scientific and general information about Islam has been presented in this book. It has three chapters.The first chapter is "Some Evidences of Islam being the True Religion". This chapter answers questions about Islam that people commonly ask. As :Is the Qur'an really the word of Allah, which was revealed to Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)? Is Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) really the prophet sent by Allah?Is Islam really the religion of Allah?To answer these questions sixtypes of evidence have been presented.1. Scientific Miracles of the Holy Quran: Under this, many such scientific facts have been discussed, which have come to the fore in the modern era and which the Quran has revealed fourteen centuries ago.statement was made.

Islam is the religion with which AllahTa'ala has given Muhammad (peace be upon him)sent, through the same religion Allah Ta ' alaended the religions, for his servants hecompleted, through him your blessings on themCompleted and preferred the same religion for themdone, now to anyone except himNo other religion can accept, AllahTa'ala said

Allah's Right over PeoplePeople has their own rights as granted by Allah and people have deities towards Allah. So people and Allah respect deities and rights of each other this book contain the detail of all those duties and rights.

There are many needs of man to get the facility of living in this world. Which he manages from his own base. But considering this topic, it is known that there are two types of human needs.1. means of life2. Good Luck Tool |The means of life are food, drink and marriage, but the means of good fortune are innumerable. Two of them are important, one is refuge and peace, the other is contentment, so that man can lead a satisfying and satisfying and delicious life in refuge and peace. But the question is how to get these things?

On the occasion of Hajj al-Wada, when thousands gathered in the field of 'Arafa, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said that those of you who are present should convey my message to those who are not present. . This order of yours was not only for those people who were present there on that day, but for all the people born till the Day of Judgment and living in any part of the world, who have knowledge of Quran and Hadith. . It is from here that the importance of translating the Qur'an and Hadith into other languages becomes clear; Because translation is a big and widespread means of conveying your point to others. We are very happy when we see that the Islamic scholars had started this work long ago in view of the necessity of this work and adapted the original books of Islam in many languages other than Arabic and kept them in front of the whole world. Had put in the effort. Urdu, Persian and Bangla languages are living examples of this. But, today in this era of globalization and knowledge-explosion, the importance of this work has increased further and the need to give it more comprehensiveness is being felt. Especially when we see that even six important books of a huge text like Hindi, which are known as 'Qutub-e-Sitta', have not been translated, then the need for this work is realized and gets intense.

This concise book that you hold in your hands is another book of mine.THE ART OF A DHAKER AND SUGGESTION AND TREATMENT (BALRI FROM THE BOOK AND THE SYNTHESIS)The portion of prayers has been presented in abbreviated form, so that it is easy to carry along in the journey.In this book I have only mentioned the Matan of the Duas and have settled on only one or two of the references mentioned in the original book. The one who wants to know about Sahabi (Ravi) or more Takhreez (Hawalas) should turn to the original book.I pray to Allah azza wa jalla for the sake of his good names and high qualities (sifat) to make this work his own.Hisnul Muslim,Make it pure for consent, make it beneficial to me in my life and after my death, and make it beneficial to whoever reads this book or gets it printed or causes it to be published. Undoubtedly, Allah Pak is its owner and capable over it.

These are some sentences whose knowledge is necessary for every person who is interested in knowing the character of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), your way and about you, Ibnul Qayyim (rahimahullah) says: Connected to the Seerat and guidance of Alaihi wa SallamTherefore, it is obligatory on every person who is your well wisher and wants his salvation and good fortune to acquire knowledge about you (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), your biography and character, so that he may get out of the ranks of the illiterate and ignorant. your followers, join your organization and group,and thisThere are many types of people in this matter, some do little, some do much, and some are completely deprived, and the reward (grace) is in the hands of Allah; is of great fruit).

In this you will find brief description as well as detailed description. The reason for this is only the demand of time. The things of 'Deen' (religion) which people are generally familiar with, or the aspects on which writers and speakers often emphasize, it was appropriate not to discuss them in detail. But the opposite is the case with religious ideas and problems, which people are generally very little familiar with and to which writers and speakers do not pay necessary attention, it was expected that they should be discussed a little more widely. Similarly, those aspects of 'Deen' about which people not only know very little, but the information they have is also not correct and their full importance is accepted neither from the point of view nor from the practical point of view. , He had an inalienable right to be taken less of both detail and discussion about him.I pray to Allah Ta ' ala and request you to say Ameen with sincerity on this prayer that this book fulfills the purpose for which it was written, it is a means of knowledge of Islam for common people and for this sinner Make the pathay of the hereafter.

Classification is the process of division and grouping of entities because of dissimilarities and similarities, their logical arrangement in the group and representation of each group by its unique pre-dominant characteristics. Or it is the action of classifying or categorizing or sorting of something. For example, division of living organisms into two groups viz. plant kingdom and animal kingdom because of their distinguished characteristics. It is a methodically grouping of things according to their salient features. The classified entity is a concept (an idea) or a complex of concepts, which is an acquired subjective representation of a real but not necessarily observable unit. The groups are arranged logically according to certain decided principle or standard, so that the relationships among them or inference of one group from another are clearly indicated. It is rightly said that necessity is the mother of invention. This is true in case of genesis of Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) also. When UDC was conceived, there were only DDC and Expansive classification systems in use. Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) which had its origin in 1876 had reached its 5th ed. DDC was developed for shelf arrangement of books on the shelves. As literature was growing and becoming out of bibliographical control, two Belgians, Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine thought of compiling an index/bibliography at international level.

A problem in graph theory that has received increased attention during the past 50 years concerns studying methods of distinguishing the vertices of a connected graph from one another.There are many ¿elds of mathematics now in the mathematics curriculum that overlap into graph theory. Large areas of set theory, pure combinatorics, algebra, geometry and especially topology consider problems of graph theory. However, since graph theory now makes its appearance in so many ¿elds and especially since a large amount of graph theory could be developed and presented at the high school or undergraduate level, it would seem to merit more than just a passing glance in the curriculum. First, however, a great e¿ort is needed to introduce graphs as a logical abstract mathematical system. A sequential rigorous development with preciseness of de¿nitions and süciently complete to reveal its basic nature and applications is needed.

Mathematics acts an important role in many aspects of fields. Graph theory, which will be applied in structural models, is an important area of mathematics. This structural arrangement of various things or techniques leads to new creations and improvements to the current order to enhance these areas. Graph theory is that part of Discrete Mathematics that has a large amount of application in real-life situations like facility locational problems, science and technology, and communication networks. Graph Theory is a great place to learn about methodologies in discrete mathematics, and the results have applications in a variety of fields including computing, social science, and natural data analysis. In both pure and applied mathematics, the last 50 years have seen a barrage of effort in graph theory. A graph is a set of nodes connected by links. A graph is a set of points with lines connecting them. The vertices and edges of a graph are also known as points and lines, respectively. The vertex set is denoted as ¿¿¿¿(¿¿¿¿), and the edge set is denoted as ¿¿¿¿(¿¿¿¿). Every branch of mathematics requires some kind of product concept to allow the combination or breakdown of its fundamental structures. The graph product is a relatively new concept in graph theory that is growing fast. Human genetics, a dynamic location problem, and networks are just a few examples of where graph products are used. Products are frequently seen as a convenient language for describing structures, but they are increasingly being used in more significant ways.

The Standard Model is a remarkably successful theory. It is a quantum theory describing the electromagnetic, weak and the strong interactions in nature. Its biggest shortcoming lies in its inability to describe gravity in the quantum regime. Furthermore, the con-stituents of dark matter and their interactions remain poorly understood, making it clear that there is much physics beyond Standard Model. String theory has the promise to pro-vide a quantum theory of gravity unifying all forces of nature [1-4]. It is a theory of interacting strings and other extended objects like D-branes. Its spectrum always con-tains a massless spin-2 state whose low energy interactions are as in general relativity. String perturbation theory is known to be ultraviolet ¿nite. At present, the most promis-ing direction to connect string theory with nature is by compactifying ten dimensional string theories on six dimensional Calabi-Yau manifolds. Much progress has taken place in this direction, and this remains an active area of research. Furthermore, the techniques of perturbative quantum ¿eld theory fail in the case of strong interactions (QCD) at low energies. However, a close cousin of QCD, i.e. N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions at strong coupling can be understood via its string theory dual due to a mathematical correspondence [5, 6]. This has given hope that string theory can shed light on strong dynamics.

This thesis titled "Study of Some Dark Energy and String Models in Certain Alternative Theories of Gravitation" consists of eight chapters and deals with the investigation of some spatially homogeneous and anisotropic cosmological models in the frame work of Brans-Dicke (1961) and Saez-Ballester (1986) scalar-tensor theories, Barber's (1982) second self-creation theory and f(R, T ) modi¿ed theory of gravity (Harko et al. 2011), which are viable alternatives to Einstein's theory of gravitation.The main aim of cosmology is to construct mathematical models of the universe and compare these models with the present day universe as observed by astronomers. A full picture should comprise both an inventory of the present matter content (including its spatial distribution) and an understanding of the dynamics governing past and future evolution of the universe as a whole. Technological advances have brought an increasing ability to gather enormous quantities of data to further our understanding.

Stroke is a medical emergency characterized by the WHO as "rapidly developed clinical signs of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral function, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin". Stroke is the 3rd leading cause of death and one of the major causes of long term diability.1

There has been constant yearning for children, the message of joy from heavenly garden'. To have a child and start a family is generally the urge of every human being. This urge, however, has been cursed by infertility. Infertility is growing at an alarming pace, especially in metros, says a recent report from the International Institute of Population Sciences. It is estimated that of the 60-80 million couples suffering from infertility globally every year, between 15-20 million are in India alone. Infertility is seen as a major problem as kinship and family ties are dependent on progeny. For many infertile men and women, being unable to bear and raise children has severe emotional and psychological consequences. The desire for motherhood leads them to search for alternative solutions. In pauranik stories also we find the reference of humans having attempted to find answers to infertility by worshipping the deities or even through surrogacy' for begetting a child.

Sexual dysfunction is commonly ascribed to decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory disorder (premature and retrograde ejaculation) and orgasmic dysfunction. Decreased libido and erectile dysfunction are the two most prevalent and studied disorders among men. Where erectile dysfunction (persistent inability to maintain erection during sexual intercourse for satisfactory sexual performance) is mainstay in drug development owing to its widespread prevalence. Prevalence of ED has been reported to be 52% with complete ED ranging from 5 to 15% in men aged 40-70 yrs. However, its prevalence varies from 2% in men aged < 40 yrs to 86% in men aged >80 yrs. There is a lack of data available for the other forms of sexual dysfunction i.e. premature and retrograde ejaculation, loss of libido and orgasmic dysfunction.Since introduction of "Viagra" (sildenafil) in 1999 there has been an overwhelming increase in the prescriptions for medications used to treat erectile dysfunction. Thereafter ,over the last decade the market was inundated with herbal treatments for sexual dysfunction. Most of these herbal formulations either lacked the desired efficacy or lacked strong scientific evidence to prove their efficacy. Furthermore several manufacturers of these polyherbal preparations are making huge financial gains by adulterating their herbal products with more efficacious allopathic drugs like sildenafil and tadalafil. A study on this aspect was carried out where some marketed polyherbal aphrodisiac preparations were evaluated for the presence of adulteration of Phosphodiestrase inhibitors i.e. sildenafil and tadalafil. Out of 15 such preparation, 5 were found to be adulterated. Adulteration of polyherbal aphrodisiac preparation posses a life threat to the society for a) Phosphodiestrase inhibitors are contraindicated in cardiac patients stabilised on nitrates b) Erectile dysfunction is commonly observed in geriatric population, moreover, they are the people who are on nitrate therapy making them more vulnerable to risk associated with incompatibility of these polyherbal adulterated preparations with nitrates. It is pertinent to mention that since the launch of sildenafil (Viagra) in 1999 till 2002, 60 deaths were reported where patients were taking sildenafil and were also on medication for cardiovascular complications.

The use of testosterone in hypogonadic men, known as testosteronereplacement therapy, has become of increasing interest to both the medical and other communities over the past decade. Even though the knowledge of the potential benefits and risks of male testosterone replacement therapy has increased dramatically, there is still much that needs to be determined. Data concerning clinical effects of such replacement have accumulated and yet there has not been any controlled trial of this therapy for type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of testosterone replacement therapy by discussing limited number of clinical trials.

There are two major reproductive organs in the human reproductive system. This system consists of a male gamete, namely sperm cell, and the female gamete, namely egg cell. Human reproduction usually happens with the internal fertiliza-tion of reproductive cells through sexual intercourse. The fertilization process will be initiated by entering sperm cells into the vagina and sailing through the uterus and fallopian tubes towards the ovary to reach the egg cell. The sperm cells will compete to reach the egg cell; however, only one sperm cell will join the egg cell, and it will transform into an ovum or zygote. The process of cell division will be initiated once the formation of the zygote has happened. The released ovum from the ovary after formation as zygote will travel towards the uterus through the fallopian tubes. It observes the joint processes of joining male and female gametes in human reproductive systems. Needless to say that all the related happenings are purely random and subject to chance factors. The process of fertilization is a successful mating of male and female gametes. As several unexplained ran-dom causes in¿uence the reproduction process, it is better to understand these happenings with the notion of mathematical biology and through the concepts of stochastic processes. Mathematical assumptions of fertilization mechanics are the essential devices to formulate the biological processes.

Diabetes was first described in ancient Egyptian times (Karamanou et al., 2016). Throughout history there has been a focus on sugars or glucose, first from a of diabetes has shaped our current diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. The major irregularity is the imbalance of insulin hormone which balances glucose levels in blood. Diabetes is a condition where long-lasting hyperglycemia along with instabilities of sugars, fat and protein metabolism results in deficiencies of insulin release and insulin action or both which differs in types of diabetes (WHO, 2019).

Health is fundamental to an individual's life, foundation of which is laid very early in life, even before birth. There are many determinants of health and well-being, such as place of birth, age, sex, socio-economic conditions, genetic construct, various stimuli, health of mother and so on. It is also a matter of fundamental right and in an ideal world, all human beings should be able to enjoy good health at all times. Health is a State subject, where the State is obliged to treat all citizens equally and ensure that they have access to preventive and curative healthcare at all stages of life, including early years of life. "Constitution of India," "United Nations Convention of Rights of Children", "International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD)", "National Health Policy (NHP)," "Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)" and now "Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)" have taken a human rights towards ensuring health for all, including children.

This research aims at exploring the role of micro finance in empowerment of small scale entrepreneurs. This chapter presents the background to the study, role of microfinance, objectives of microfinance and small scale industries, relationship between microfinance, entrepreneurship and financial inclusion, need for the study, research gap, statement of the problem, the purpose and significance of the study. It also provides a brief description about methodology. Further scope of the study and definition of the key terms to be used in this study are included.

The entire so called history of the world is nothing but the begetting of man through human labour, nothing but the coming-to-be nature of man" (Marx, 1959, reprinted) Beyond the history of any particular epoch political economists assert labour as the source of all wealth, next to nature, as it converts the resources into wealth. Among other factors, the effort that a labourer puts is a function of his or her health status. According to Engels (1876, in English 1934), the body parts are not mere organs of labour but the product of labour.

Reproductive child health (RCH) programme is not any new health programme at all. It is rather evaluated and integrated service package which were given time bound health service in material and child development scheme (ICDS) and child survival and safe motherhood (CSSM). In reproductive child health program a big package of health service viz. maternal health services such as registration of pregnant mothers, services during antenatal stage natal stage and post natal stage, child survival services i.e. neonate services oral dose of Polio and BCG Vaccination, total immunization against six-killer diseases-deptherea, pertusis, tetanus, measles, polio along with acute respiratory infection (ARI) Pneumonia, Diarrhoea and Control of night blindness among children. The main objective of reproductive child health was to reduce the infant mortality rate (IMR) upto 16/1000 by 2000 A.D., Maternal mortality rate upto 2/1000, Birth rate 19/1000, Death rate 9/1000 by 2000 A.D. some specific services were also included in R.C.H. programme i.e. control over reproductive track infection (R.T.I.), Sexual track infection (S.T.I) sexually, transmitted diseases (S.T.D.) etc. and warm infestation and Dental infections among children upto the age of fourteen. R.C.H. programme was initiated in 1990. The primary phase was for training the Primary health centre (PHC) staff from medical office to health supervisor (H.S.) and health workers (male & female) thereafter second phase; attack phage (delivery of services), provision was also made in project of R.C.H programme impact evaluation during (2000-2006). The present study was approved by Bundelkhand University Jhansi on 28.11.2006. by institute of social sciences, deptt. of Social Work. Following were the research study objections.