Bøger udgivet af IntechOpen

Metamaterials possess various properties of high interest not found in naturally occurring materials. They are built of specially designed assemblies of multiple elements arranged in repeating patterns with size scales smaller than the wavelengths of the phenomena to influence. Metamaterials have versatile applications in different areas of technology. Their research is an interesting and promising interdisciplinary area of science and technology involving various fields of knowledge. This book broadens the knowledge of metamaterials, highlighting their known types and applications and analyzing their use in antenna performance enhancement, polarization conversion, radar cross-section reduction, wave absorption, and electromagnetic and acoustic absorbers.

Oxidative stress is a major contributor to the etiology of chronic disorders like cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Long-term exposure to elevated levels of pro-oxidant substances can lead to structural damage in mitochondrial DNA as well as functional changes in a number of enzymes and cellular components, which can lead to abnormalities in gene expression. Modern lifestyles, which include eating processed food, exposure to a variety of chemicals, and not exercising, are significant factors in the development of oxidative stress. However, the ability of medicinal plants with antioxidant capabilities to cure or prevent a number of human illnesses in which oxidative stress appears to be a contributing factor has been demonstrated. A growing body of research links free radicals to the etiology of many diseases, supporting the use of antioxidants as a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of pathologies caused by free radicals. Despite these remarkable advances, there is still much to learn about the relationship between free radicals and antioxidants. Understanding the principles behind pathological and physiological disorders caused by free radicals is crucial. Importance of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System in Health and Disease contributes to understanding the fundamental principles of oxidative stress and the effects of antioxidants on disease and health.

This book discusses marine pollution. It includes 10 chapters that attempt to answer the questions of how to reduce marine pollution and what really can be done to improve the quality of the sea. Topics addressed include microplastics, the dispersion of oil in the sea, contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs), and much more.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has received a lot of attention due to its inexpensive cost, benign nature, and great photocatalytic potential. TiO2 has numerous applications, including in photocatalysts, Li-ion batteries, solar cells, and medical research. However, its performance is unsatisfactory due to a variety of issues, including a wide band gap (3.01 to 3.2 eV) and quick electron¿hole pair recombination (1012 to 1011 s). Many efforts have been made to improve the qualities of TiO2, such as structural and dopant changes, which expand its applications. This book focuses on the properties of TiO2-modified nanoparticles, including their synthesis, alterations, and applications.

Holistic dental care includes looking at prevention, treatment, cure and long-term management. This book endeavors to provide readers with information on dental emergencies and dental trauma, with their associated management and other issues. Other relevant conditions that are highlighted include avulsion, orbital trauma, salivary duct cysts and periodontal disease. Information is also included on mental health and quality of life impacts arising for individuals from dental trauma. Teledentistry, which is relevant for all clinicians in the current climate of digital technologies, is also covered. The book is a compilation of work by dental specialists from across the world, including public healthcare professionals in the field of dentistry. It offers updates and reviews on many interesting and complex issues within the practice of dentistry.

Malnutrition is the specific condition produced by the intake of too few macronutrients, too many macronutrients (obesity), or inordinate amounts of inappropriate substances such as alcohol. Globally, malnutrition is a major nutritional disorder, especially in developing economies. Poor dietary habits and imbalanced nutrient intake result in adverse consequences on normal body functionality. This book highlights the major causes of malnutrition and how to overcome this problem. Chapters address such topics as energy metabolism and balance, diagnosis of malnutrition, negative effects of malnutrition, sugar and its impact on health, malnutrition in the elderly and children, and much more.

The word ¿anesthesiä is commonly associated with surgery in an operating room setting. This book hopes to take the reader on a journey that will highlight the myriad roles that anesthesiologists currently play, and what roles beyond the operating room are on the horizon. In this book, we hope to portray modern anesthesiology as a truly unifying force within the fabric of the contemporary healthcare environment.

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Glaucoma is challenging to treat and poses a significant socioeconomic burden on society. New techniques and methods for both diagnosis and treatment are sorely needed. Glaucoma - Recent Advances and New Perspectives provides a comprehensive overview of glaucoma with chapters on topics ranging from diagnostic techniques to genetic testing and biomarkers.

This book is a collection of theoretical perspectives and research studies from international scholars on neuropsychological aspects of aggression, personality features, gender-based violence, and cultural origins of conflict. Written by experts in the field, it offers insights into multi-theoretical perspectives on aggression and violence and the multifaceted factors involved in the etiology and management of conflict. This useful resource presents perspectives from Western and non-Western frameworks of violence, broadening the spectrum of the shared knowledge base.

The COVID-19 pandemic had numerous negative effects on many aspects of life. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the psychosocial, educational, and economic impacts of the pandemic worldwide. It includes thirty-two chapters that highlight the importance of analyzing, evaluating, and carrying out appropriate treatments to prevent the mental and social consequences of the pandemic. Topics addressed include the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on different groups of people, including students, healthcare professionals, disadvantaged groups, and others; the educational impacts of COVID-19 on students, educators, students with disabilities, doctors, and so on; and the economic impacts of COVID-19 on managers, employees, residential care homes, and other businesses worldwide.

Neurodegenerative diseases are debilitating conditions that result in degeneration and death of nerve cells. A significant group of these diseases is the synucleinopathies, which are characterized by the accumulation of aggregates of alpha-synuclein in neurons, nerve fibers, or glial cells. There are three main types of synucleinopathies: Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Synucleins are small, naturally unfolded proteins prone to aggregate and form intracellular inclusions, which impair normal cellular functions. This book presents new data on synuclein aggregation and its effect on cholesterol transport. It also discusses the role of genetic contribution to these diseases and approaches to inhibition of synuclein aggregation.