Bøger udgivet af LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

Our project concerns the splitting of the CW46 between Sidi Maarouf and Hassi Bounif in the wilaya of Oran, it begins at pk 00+0000m and ends at pk 05+356 m, this section to be studied extends over a length of 5,356 km and vehicle a significant average daily traffic estimated at around 9000v/d.The route consists of maintaining the existing roadway as much as possible and doubling it:¿ The percentage of heavy goods vehicles is 25%, according to a last count carried out in 2014.¿ The project route is located in a flat terrain, and is characterized by medium windings (E2), and medium gradients. It is classified in category (C2) and the base speed of the project is estimated at 80 km/h.The road runs parallel to the railway, buildings, agricultural land as well as crossing with ring road 2 from PK 4+221.645 m to PK 4+267.207 m. They are considered as constraints which pose a difficulty.It is connected to several towns and villages such as Sidi Chahmi and Sidi Okba Zaouïa Bel Kaidiä also it is used as a link between these towns and villages with the city center of Oran.

The experimental material comprising of 10 parents and their 45 hybrids (excluding reciprocals) developed through diallel mating design, was grown in a randomized block design with three replications at Main Rice Research Centre, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat during Kharif 2015. The main objective of the experiment was to study heterosis, combining ability and nature of gene action for yield and its component traits under aerobic condition.

Shaping a future that aligns with eco-consciousness, this book delves into the remarkable advancements in industrial infrastructure, highlighting manufacturing plants, refineries, power plants, and water and sewage treatment facilities that have transitioned to operating exclusively with transformative and renewable energy sources. Witness the resolute efforts to forge a sustainable world while ensuring uninterrupted productivity, and explore how these innovative solutions pave the way for a cleaner and greener tomorrow.

During last decade, more interest has been given to Electrocoagulation in treating industrial wastewater. Electrocoagulation is one of the most important electrochemical treatments employed in industrial wastewater treatment. Different types of pollutants present in the water and waste water can be removed in the electrocoagulation by the different mechanism such as, oxidation, reduction, adsorption, destabilization, coagulation, precipitation and flotation to reduce suspended and colloidal materials, BOD, COD and heavy metals in wastewater.Regression analysis model has been developed to analyze the behavior of different variables on removal efficiency of different parameters. ¿Minitab 19¿ Regression analysis software is used in the study. Pareto chart analysis and Regression analysis were carried out to study the parameters such as BOD, COD and chromium and their behavior with the variables such as pH, voltage, distance and electrolysis time. Regression equations were developed in comprehensive with the above said parameters. To validate the above obtained regression equations set of experiments were conducted by altering the fixed values of the variables.

The Experimental Pharmacology Lab Manual is a comprehensive guide designed to provide students and researchers with practical insights into the principles and techniques of experimental pharmacology. This manual typically covers a range of experiments that focus on understanding the effects of various drugs on biological systems, exploring mechanisms of drug action, and investigating pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The manual often includes step-by-step protocols, safety guidelines, and background information to help users conduct experiments effectively. Through hands-on exercises, learners gain practical experience in drug administration, data collection, and analysis, fostering a deeper understanding of pharmacological concepts. This resource serves as an essential tool for individuals studying pharmacology, pharmacy, and related fields, offering a practical bridge between theoretical knowledge and real-world applications in the realm of drug discovery and development.

The concept of formulating graft copolymer comprising Gum tragacanth and acrylic acid offers a suitable, functional approach to achieve an enduring therapeutic/non therapeutic vehicle. Hydrogels were prepared successfully by the graft copolymerization technique by using the diverse concentrations of polymer such as gum tragacanth, monomer, AA to make temperature and pH-sensitive hydrogels which can be utilised where necessary such as in agriculture, drug delivery, tissue engineering etc. It would be faster and further costeffective in modifying domineering properties of the existing drugs/agents than developing new entities; henceforth, this hydrogel will be bonus to the current field of improved polymer materials or formulation.

As the name suggests the ¿Textbook of Basic Concepts of Cardiovascular Physiology¿ aims to provide the readers with the basic insight of the functions and regulatory mechanisms governing the cardiovascular system in a user friendly and easy to follow manner. It focuses on topics comprehensively and in a very lucid manner. It is suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate aspirants of various streams of biological sciences. Also it may serve as a last minute revision book for the students and a quick reference for practicing physicians and scholars who are willing to have a quick brush up of the cardiovascular functions and regulatory mechanisms. The conceptual line diagrams and tables have also been incorporated to make the things more clear and interesting. The values for various variables have been approximated to the round figures so that the readers can remember the values easily.

Due to the overlapping distribution of malaria and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, Cameroon has seen malaria as one of the most important infectious disease in the country. Infectious bites are common all year round which places the entire population at risk of malaria infection. HIV-infected patients constitute one of the major at-risk groups, with infection with malaria being expectedly more severe.We then investigated the prevalence of malaria parasiteamia in people living with HIV attending the Military hospital Yaounde. We observed a low prevalence of 7%. This therefore undermines the importance of mapping out the distribution of the coinfection in the country as this will provide information which can help to put the situation under control.Despite the depletion of the human immune system caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, in line with our findings and observations, the prevalence of malaria is low in HIV positive individuals. The prevalence was not a subject of sex and age. This is an indication that all HIV patients are equally at risk of infection with malaria and preventive measures to control malaria infection in this group are a priority.

2,4-D is a widely used herbicide that controls broadleaf weeds that has been used as a pesticide since the 1940s. It is used in many places including turf, lawns, rights-of-way, aquatic sites, forestry sites, and a variety of field, fruit and vegetable crops. It may also be used to regulate the growth of citrus plants.2,4-D Amine Selective Post-Emergent Herbicide is an effective post-emergent weed killer used to eliminate broad leaf weeds and brush within most grassy lawns various crop areas, and successfully controls unwanted aquatic weeds and trees. 2,4-D is an herbicide and secondarily a plant growth regulator. Formulations include esters, acids, and several salts, which vary in their chemical properties, environmental behavior, and to a lesser extent, toxicity.

The transition from 4G to 5G marks a significant leap in wireless communication technology. 4G, represented by Long-Term Evolution (LTE), brought about faster data speeds and enabled high-definition multimedia streaming and online gaming. Leveraging techniques like Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antennas, 4G networks significantly improved data transmission efficiency and coverage. In contrast, 5G networks promise to revolutionize connectivity with even faster data rates, ultra-low latency, and massive device connectivity. 5G achieves these advancements through the utilization of higher-frequency radio waves, such as millimeter waves, and advanced antenna technologies like Massive MIMO. This next-generation technology facilitates groundbreaking applications like autonomous vehicles, augmented reality, and the Internet of Things (IoT), all while aiming to reduce latency to near real-time levels. However, the deployment of 5G networks presents challenges, including significant infrastructure investment, addressing privacy and security concerns, and ensuring compatibility with existing systems.

The book entitled ¿Synthetic Studies Towards Bioactive Organic Molecules¿ and it is divided into three chapters. Chapter one deals with the introduction and synthesis of Tamiflu by using Ramberg-Backlund reaction as key chemical transformation. The second chapter deals with introduction of aziridine chemistry and its application for the synthesis of Tamiflu by using ring closing metathesis (RCM) as key organic reaction. Chapter three deals with introduction and synthesis studies towards biotin.

The agricultural industry is vital for a country's economic well-being, but crop disease is a major challenge. Peppercorn crops require special attention due to disease concerns. Data mining has been used for crop disease identification but lacks knowledge utilization. A study integrates data mining with knowledge-based systems for peppercorn crop disease diagnosis and treatment. Experiments were conducted using four algorithms named JRip, PART, J48, and REPTree on the peppers dataset. All experiments for each algorithm were conducted containing 9927 instances and four classes namely Fungus, Insects, Virus, and Bacteria disease types of the crop. Classification algorithms were used to develop a predictive model and rule-based knowledge representation was employed to diagnose and treat the crop. The system's performance was tested with domain experts and user acceptance with promising results of 90.5 and 86.8% respectively with an average Precision and Recall of 96 % and 97.2% overall performance result.

A study was undertaken for the reproductive parameters of Malnad Gidda in its native tract to assess the response of repeat breeding Malnad Gidda cows to oestrus synchronization.Various reproductive and productive parameters of Malnad Gidda cows were studied in three taluks of Shivamogga district Tirthahalli, Sagar and Hosanagar. The parameters like age at puberty of 25.15±0.29 months, age at first calving of 39.32±2.99 months, dry period of 6.22±1.26 months, calving interval of 13.68±2.55 months, gestation period of 282.14±9.03 days, service period of 136.73±10.03 days, lactation length of 258.22 ± 10.95 days, milk yield per day of 3.69±0.32 kg, total milk yield of 227.19±8.31 kg, days to reach peak milk yield of 46.19±0.51 day, birth weight of the new born calf of 8.71±0.45 kg, time taken for expulsion of fetal membranes of placenta of 4.63±0.39 hours, onset of postpartum oestrus of 77.64±1.98 days, duration of oestrus period of 15.25±1.67 hours, time of ovulation of 15.15 ± 1.7 hours, and length of oestrus cycle of 22.63±2.96 days were recorded.

This book describes a study where agronomic, physiological, and proteomic approaches were combined to explore drought-resistance features in three common Mozambican open-pollinated maize varieties, Matuba, ZM309, and ZM523, and further including B73 as the control variety. Maize is the most important food crop in Mozambique. However, its production is low and cyclically impaired by droughts. Several strategies are in place to overcome this scenario, such as generating drought-resilient genotypes. The work showed that intercropping and mineral fertilizer contribute to increasing maize production, as compared to monocropping. In addition, water scarcity limited stomata opening, leaf area, and caused leaf-rolling, traits that reduce transpiration. Lower CO2 assimilation, levels of C4-photosynthesis enzymes, RuBisCO activase, RuBisCO large chain, and ATP synthase subunits under severe drought, could allow energy conservation and reduction of reactive oxygen species. HSP70 protein levels increased with drought and could help to maintain protein stability. By including physiological and proteomic data, this work opened new avenues of agriculture research in Mozambique.

In today's fast-paced and competitive business environment, the role of a business analyst has become increasingly crucial. Organizations across industries are recognizing the significance of employing skilled professionals who can effectively analyze and decode business processes to drive success. Business analysis is the practice of understanding, defining, and analyzing business needs and finding appropriate solutions to meet those needs. It involves gathering, documenting, and analyzing data, processes, and requirements to identify improvement opportunities and facilitate informed decision-making. For new business analytics professionals, grasping the importance of business analysis is the first step towards building a successful career in this field.One of the primary reasons business analysis is essential is its ability to bridge the gap between business objectives and IT solutions. By understanding the business context, processes, and goals, business analysts can effectively communicate and translate these requirements into technical specifications for software developers.

The 1980s have become a turning point for Turkey that adopted neoliberal policies to integrate its economy into the world markets. Due to Istanbul¿s primary role in Turkey¿s economy, the changes after the 1980s have also strengthened the Istanbul¿s position. During this period, investments have mostly been realized in retailing, tourism, and financial sector.The rapid growth of retailing industry in the 1990s in all over the world also gave way to an increase in the number of shopping centers and hypermarkets in Istanbul. In this period, European and American retailers have looked for investment opportunities in Istanbul. This book evaluates that although Istanbul has substantial amount of potential in retail development and it is considered as a promising new market by the European retailers, the location of shopping centers is chosen randomly on available sites, rather than using specific site selection criteria. This has consequently lead to severe problems both for retailers and for the urban environments.

The wax apple, scientifically known as Syzygium samarangense, is a tropical tree that can reach heights of 16 to 50 feet. Belonging to the Syzygium genus in the Myrtaceae family, it is native to Malaysia and cultivated in various parts of India. The fruit, commonly light-red but sometimes greenish-white or cream-colored, is pear-shaped with thin skin and spongy, white flesh. The taste is sub-acidic and bland, and the fruit is widely enjoyed in Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries.It is cherished for its unique characteristics, culinary versatility, and medicinal properties. Its propagation methods, including cutting propagation and the use of plant growth regulators, play a crucial role in maintaining genetic purity and meeting the demand for quality planting material. As the popularity of wax apples continues to grow, understanding their cultivation, uses, and propagation methods becomes increasingly important.

Embark on a transformative journey through the intricate realms of Genomics & Proteomics with the brilliant minds behind the book titled "Genomics & Proteomics." Dr. Shareefraza J. Ukkund, Assistant Professor at P. A. College of Engineering (PACE), Mangalore, brings a wealth of knowledge with his 10 years of teaching experience and an impressive portfolio of 29 research articles, 10 textbooks, and 3 book chapters in esteemed platforms like Elsevier, Springer, and CRC Press. Collaborating seamlessly is Ms. Yashaswini B. M., a Senior Scientist at Bhamis Lab, Mangalore, combining 8 years of teaching expertise with 2 years of industry experience. Adding to the brilliance is Ms. Shabeeba V., an Assistant Professor at PACE, Mangalore, with 6 years of teaching experience. Together, they've crafted "Genomics & Proteomics" as more than just a book; it's a gateway to understanding these cutting-edge fields. With a synthesis of academic prowess and real-world insights, this masterpiece promises to inspire, educate, and captivate readers, unraveling the mysteries of Genomics & Proteomics in an unparalleled manner. Get ready to explore the horizons of scientific knowledge, guided by the expert.

The cultivated large-fruited strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) originated in Europe in the 18th century. Most countries developed their own varieties during the 19th century, and those are often especially suitable for the climate, day length, altitude, or type of production required in a particular region. Strawberries are produced commercially both for immediate consumption and for processing as frozen, canned, or preserved berries or as juice. Given the perishable nature of the berries and the unlikelihood of mechanical picking, the fruit is generally grown near centres of consumption or processing and where sufficient labour is available. Around 200 species of pests are known to attack strawberries both directly and indirectly. These pests include slugs, moths, fruit flies, chafers, strawberry root weevils, strawberry thrips, strawberry sap beetles, strawberry crown moth, mites, aphids, and others. The caterpillars of a number of species of Lepidoptera feed on strawberry plants. For example, the Ghost moth is known to be a pest of the strawberry plant. The strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, is a bug species found in the United States (Arizona), Argentina and Chile.

The purpose of this study is to better understand how play and playground amenities affect child overall development by looking into their roles in schools. The research uses a quantitative methodology, integrating surveys, observations, and interviews to gather information from various educational settings. the suitability of the current playground infrastructure and the relationship between these elements and other facets of child development, such as physical well-being, mental abilities, social skills, and emotional stability. The goal of the project is to give educational decision-makers, administrators, and designers of learning environments useful information that will enable them to make well-informed decisions on the importance of play and playground design in schools. The purpose of this study is to draw attention to the part that plays in kids' overall development and to advocate for the installation of well-designed playgrounds.

This study is based on private-sector employees of the Western Suburbs region of Mumbai and the same size is 237. This research is done with an intention to identify the problem of employees working in the private sector with respect to job satisfaction and job embeddedness as job-hopping was very common in the private sector. To determine job satisfaction and job embeddedness the independent variables considered for the study were job itself, working conditions, relations, job security, salary, policies and procedure, supervision and relations. The gap in these independent variables was identified in this research to estimate their job satisfaction levels. It was proved that the gap in the job, working conditions, job security, policies and procedure and salary determined the fit variable. Whereas the gap in the supervision and relation variables determine the link variable of the study. It is proved here that the respondents gave more importance to link variable over and above fit variable. In this research, a model is developed called as retention model where it is proved that job satisfaction and job embeddedness positively influence retention intentions of the employees.

Cancer is a disease in which some of the body¿s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells. Normally, human cells grow and multiply (through a process called cell division) to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. Sometimes this orderly process breaks down, and abnormal or damaged cells grow and multiply when they shouldn¿t. These cells may form tumors, which are lumps of tissue. Tumors can be cancerous or not cancerous (benign). Cancerous tumors spread into, or invade, nearby tissues and can travel to distant places in the body to form new tumors (a process called metastasis). Cancerous tumors may also be called malignant tumors. Many cancers form solid tumors, but cancers of the blood, such as leukemias, generally do not. Benign tumors do not spread into, or invade, nearby tissues. When removed, benign tumors usually don¿t grow back, whereas cancerous tumors sometimes do. Benign tumors can sometimes be quite large, however.

The agrochemical complex is considered the main component of our country's economy, and one of the important factors of its acceleration is chemicalization, first of all, the wide use and effective use of mineral fertilizers. The existence of a large-capacity industrial base for the production of mineral fertilizers, including phosphorus fertilizers, the decrease in the quality of the imported Korotag phosphorite raw material and the decrease in its reserves, as well as the constant interruption in the supply of local raw materials - put mastering of the material base among the urgent problems. To get out of this situation, several government decisions were made on the development of the local raw material base based on phosphorites of Central Kyzylkum (MK), which has no analogs among the phosphorites of the CIS countries and is a new industrial variety for production, located in the Navoi region. done. The monograph is intended for use by independent researchers, basic doctoral students, research interns, master's and bachelor's students, as well as professionals working in this field in training courses.

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is grown almost in 63 countries around the world but this fruit occupies a unique place amongst the fruit crops grown in India. All parts of the mango tree, i.e., inflorescence, fruits, leaves, twigs, bark and wood are used for religious rites and for its various nutritive and medicinal properties. The genus Mangifera originated in South-East Asia and the natural spread of this genus is limited to Indo-Malayan region stretching from India to the Philippines and New Guinea. It is observed that as many as 41 valid species of Mangifera are distributed throughout the world and 11,595 cultivars are grown in different parts of the world. India can boast of having the largest available germplasm wealth of mango with about 1,000 cultivars.

Great amount of data is being accumulated very rapidly in the Internet era. Consequently, it takes a lot of time and effort to process these data for knowledge discovery and decision making. Compressed transaction data set methods is much better as compare to the other methods a more efficient approach, called Mining Merged Transactions with the Quantification Table (MMTQT) is proposed, which can compress the original database into a smaller one and perform the data mining process without the above problems.

Human resources are an important factor in planning, organizing, directing and driving existing programs and activities in an organization to achieve its goals. The performance produced by an organization is a reflection of the leader's performance in managing, supervising and supervising other people to carry out tasks according to plan. Human Resources based on competency will increase the ability to work in accordance with job demands, having maximum work capacity, both in terms of knowledge, abilities and attitudes that reflect work productivity. Cold chain is a system that maintains products at a certain temperature during production, storage and transportation to maintain product quality. The effectiveness of the Cold Chain System is the implementation of all main tasks, achieving goals, punctuality in this type of cold supply chain where the process aims to maintain the temperature so that the product remains maintained.

In recent decades, the world has witnessed the relentless emergence and re-emergence of viral infections, posing significant threats to global public health. From the devastating outbreaks of influenza, HIV, and Ebola to the more recent challenges posed by SARS-CoV-2, these viral pathogens have repeatedly exposed the vulnerabilities of our immune systems and the limitations of conventional therapeutic approaches. The ever ¿evolving nature of viruses demands innovative and adaptable solution to combat their pathogenicity and virulence. Nanotechnology, a cutting-edge interdisciplinary field, has emerged as a promising frontier in the battle against viral infections. Harnessing the unique properties and behaviors of nanomaterial¿s, researchers and clinicians have made substantial progress in developing novel strategies to treat viral immune responses progress in developing novel strategies to treat viral immune responses and mitigate the devastating effects of viral diseases. ¿Nanomaterials for treatment of Viral Immune Responses¿ offers an illuminating exploration of the innovative applications of nanotechnology in the ongoing battle against viral disease.

Vegetables are occupy an important place in diversification of agriculture and have played a vital role in food and nutritional security of ever-growing population of our large vegetarian society. Brinjal or Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a member of the Solanaceae family and having the chromosome number is 2n= 24. Eggplant is good source of anti-oxidants. Optimum plant spacing ensures proper growth and development of plant resulting maximum yield of crop and economic use of land. Lesser competition between plants and larger amount of available nutrients and soil moisture for vigorous growth of fruit parameters in widely space plants as compare to closer spacing. Lack of widely adopted high yielding variety, lack of short duration superior varieties to fit in different farming systems, non-availability of seed of improved high yielding variety, limited extension services support, unorganized marketing and lack of organizational set up for research and development programmes are the major constrains in the production scenario of brinjal.

As a diagnostic medium, oral fluid had been neglected until recently. Oral fluid is now being systematically researched and the results of its analysis are being compared with other diagnostic media such as blood and urine. Saliva is being accepted as an excellent diagnostic medium and an indispensable tool in the field of diagnostics. We should look forward to the day when science will confirm the clinical applications of saliva for detection of dental caries and systemic diseases and to the time when dentists and organized dentistry will embrace salivary diagnostics and integrate it into clinical practice, thus advancing dentistry into primary health care.

A proper screening and selection of suitable cultivars is very essential to meet the international standards of quality at the competitive prices. The development of new varieties is continuous process and these new varieties of onion are required to be tested for their suitability for dehydrated powder. Hence, the experiment was conducted on released white onion bulb varieties with following objectives for dehydrated powder processing:1. To evaluate the suitable white onion varieties for dehydrated powder.2. To study the shelf life of dehydrated powder of different varieties in respect of qualitative as well as organoleptic acceptability.