Bøger udgivet af Larsen and Keller Education

Logic is the science of reasoning and argument. It deals with an examination of the form of valid inference. Logic as an academic area, involves the classification of arguments, the study of semantics, fallacies and paradoxes. An argument is a set of premises that are constructed to establish a proposition. Critical thinking is the objective analysis of facts or situations using logic and rationality to form an informed judgment. Observation, analysis, interpretation, inference, explanation, evaluation and metacognition are inherent attributes of a critically thinking mind. This textbook is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles of the philosophy of logic and critical thinking. It provides comprehensive insights into these fields. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) refer to the technology of microscopic devices that consists of moving parts. It is made up of components, whose size ranges between 1 and 100 micrometers. It ideally consists of a microprocessor and different micro sensors. MEMS can be designed using modified semiconductor device fabrication technologies. Wet etching, dry etching, molding and plating, electro discharge machining are examples of such technologies. Ceramics, metals, silicon and polymers are some of the materials used in MEMS. Some of the basic processes of MEMS are deposition processes, patterning, etching processes and die preparation. This textbook provides comprehensive insights into the study of microelectromechanical systems. It is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts with respect to the design and analysis of MEMS. It is an essential guide for both academicians and students who wish to pursue this discipline further.

Developmental psychology is the scientific study of the evolution of human thought process, behavior and emotions across all stages of psychological development. Such development occurs at the prenatal stage, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age. Some of the areas covered in this domain are language acquisition, motor skills, personality, moral understanding, emotional development and identity formation. Such studies are approached from the theories of psychosexual, psychosocial, moral and cognitive development. The influence of nature, nurture, stability, change and other factors in the intellectual development of an individual is also examined in this field. Besides delving into the evolution of the human mind, developmental psychology also probes into the internal workings of the mind that cause the psychological changes that occur with time. Such studies are guided by developmental models, which may be computational. Such models of development generally use connectionist, symbolic or dynamical systems. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of developmental psychology. It attempts to understand the multiple debates and approaches that fall under this umbrella discipline and how such concepts expand our current understanding of the human mind. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in the field of developmental psychology.

Heat transfer is a sub-field of thermal engineering, which deals with the generation, conversion, use and exchange of thermal energy between physical systems. The fundamental mechanisms of heat transfer are conduction, convection, advection and radiation. It is crucial for phase transition in a thermodynamic system from one state of matter to the other. Heat transfer has wide applications in insulation, thermal management of electronic devices and systems, materials processing, etc. Mass transfer refers to the net movement of mass from one location to another. It may occur due to the processes of precipitation, absorption, evaporation, distillation, etc. Mass transfer is used widely in separations engineering, reaction engineering, heat transfer engineering, etc. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of heat and mass transfer. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and studies have been included in this book. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

An electric vehicle is a vehicle that uses a single or multiple electric or traction motors for propulsion. It may be powered by electricity derived from off-vehicle sources, or from a self-contained system of solar panels, battery or an electric generator. A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a kind of hybrid vehicle, which integrates an electric propulsion system with an internal combustion engine. There are different types of HEV, of which the hybrid electric car is the most common form. Depending on the way in which power is delivered to the drivetrain, HEV can be classified into parallel hybrids, series hybrids and power-split hybrids. They can also be classified into mild and full hybrids depending on the degree of hybridization. Modern HEVs use innovative technologies such as regenerative brakes, motor-generators and start-stop systems, besides others. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of electric and hybrid vehicles. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover the principles, design and technology of HEV. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and trends in this field.

Product development is the process of delivering a new product to the market. It ideally requires an understanding of customer needs and demands, the market and the existing competition. Time, price and quality drive customer needs. An important area of product development is product design, which is the generation of ideas and their effective conversion into workable models or products. The process of product design involves analysis, concept and synthesis. Product designs fall under the broad categories of demand-pull innovation and invention-push innovation. Demand-pull innovation arises due to an opportunity in the market, while invention-push innovation is guided by an advancement in intelligence. The considerations of production cost, usability and functionality of the developed product, price, appearance, etc. are crucial in the development of a design process. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of product design and development. Different approaches, evaluations and methodologies have been included in this book. It is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text on product design and development.

Biology is a natural science that is concerned with the study of living organisms and the organization of life at chemical, molecular, physical and physiological levels. Cell theory, genetics, homeostasis, evolution and energy provide the theoretical foundations of biology. Biology is a vast discipline that differentiates into a number of significant sub-disciplines such as anatomy, biochemistry, biological engineering, biophysics, botany, zoology, developmental biology, ecology, evolutionary biology, genetics, marine biology, etc. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the principles and applications of biology. Such selected concepts that redefine this discipline have been presented herein. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

Postharvest handling is an important stage in agriculture. It is the stage of crop production that follows the stage of harvesting and includes the processes of cooling, sorting, cleaning and packing. A crop starts to deteriorate once it is separated from its parent plant. To maintain its quality for consumption or sale, an effective postharvest handling regime needs to be designed. This involves preventing moisture loss, slowing down chemical changes, keeping the product cool and delaying spoilage. Sanitation is also an important aspect of this process. This textbook provides comprehensive insights into the field of postharvest handling and technology. It elucidates new techniques and applications of postharvest handling and technology in a multidisciplinary approach. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this textbook.

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning is a technology that is concerned with indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its objective is to provide comfort and high indoor air quality. The technology develops on the principles of fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and heat transfer. Ventilation involves exchanging air in any space in order to control temperature as well as remove odors, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, etc. It can be achieved mechanically by using an air handler, mechanical exhausts or ceiling fans, or naturally using operable windows, louvers or trickle vents. In central heating, water, steam or air is heated using a boiler, furnace or heat pump, and the resultant heat is transferred by the processes of convection, radiation or conduction to the living spaces in a house or building. Air conditioning and refrigeration involves cooling and humidity control through the removal of heat using heat transfer processes. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts about the technology of heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Such selected concepts that redefine the understanding of the crucial aspects of this technology including its design, analysis and control systems have been presented herein. It will serve as a valuable reference guide for architects, interior designers, professionals and students involved in this area of study.

Systemizing, recommending and defending the concepts of right and wrong conduct, is under the scope of ethics. The analysis of good and evil, virtue and vice, justice and crime, and right and wrong are important in ethics. The major areas of study in this discipline are meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. Cognitivism and non-cognitivism are studied under meta-ethics, while virtue ethics, hedonism, deontology, ethics of care, state consequentialism, etc. are under the scope of normative ethics. Ethics has applications in business, military, politics, animal care, etc. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of ethics. The topics included herein are of the utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. This textbook aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Physical geography is a sub-field of geography that is concerned with the study of the natural environment like the hydrosphere, geosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Earth's landforms, glaciers and ice sheets, climate, soil and environment are areas of study in this field. Based on such specializations, physical geography can be divided into a number of sub-fields, such as hydrology, glaciology, geomorphology, climatology, meteorology, oceanography, etc. Some of the diverse tools used in physical geography include GPS, GIS, remote sensing, etc. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of physical geography. The various sub-fields of physical geography along with theoretical and technological progress that have future implications are also glanced at. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in this field.

A differential equation is a mathematical equation containing functions and their derivatives. A function represents a physical quantity, its derivative expresses the rate of change and the equation describes the relationship between the two. Differential equations can be ordinary/partial, linear/non-linear and homogeneous/inhomogeneous. These equations are also described by the order of the highest derivative into first-order, second-order differential equations and so on. These equations are important in engineering, economics, physics and biology. Some notable differential equations are the Laplace equation, the harmonic oscillator differential equation, the Euler-Lagrange equation, heat equation, Black-Scholes equation, etc. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories in the field of differential equations. It presents this complex subject in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

The synthesis and behavior of organometallic and inorganic compounds are studied in inorganic chemistry. All chemical compounds that do not have a carbon-hydrogen bond are known as inorganic compounds. These are generally classified as coordination compounds, transition metal compounds, cluster compounds, bioinorganic compounds, etc. The concepts of the Bohr model of the atom, ligand field theory, molecular orbital theory, density functional theory, VSEPR theory and the molecular symmetry group theory are integral to the development of this field. Inorganic chemistry has applications in all aspects of the chemical industry, such as in catalysis, coatings, surfactants, pigments, etc. besides the agriculture and medicine industry. This textbook is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of inorganic chemistry. It attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under this discipline and how such concepts have practical applications. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Foundation engineering is a branch of engineering that applies the principles of soil and rock mechanics for the design of the foundational elements of architectural structures. A foundation connects a structure with the ground and is responsible for the transference of the structural load to the ground for stability of the structure. Some historic foundation designs are stone foundations, rubble trench foundations, padstones and post in ground construction. Modern foundations can be either shallow or deep. Shallow foundations include spread footing and slab-on-grade foundation. Deep foundations include drilled shafts, Earth stabilized columns, impact driven piles, etc. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to foundation engineering. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, the book makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Learning theories are the frameworks of education that describe how knowledge is processed, absorbed and retained. This is a complicated process that is influenced by cognitive, emotional and environmental factors. Learning theories are understood from the views of behaviorism and conditioning, cognitivism, constructivism and transformative learning theory. Behavior analysis is concerned with the prediction and control of behavior. Learning is achieved through conditioning and social learning. The learning theories of classical conditioning, social learning theory and operant conditioning are the fundamental pillars of applied behavior analysis. Cognitive theories consider learning as an internal mental process and strive to understand how human memory functions to promote learning. This book attempts to understand the different learning theories and explains their need and contribution in modern education. The topics included in this book on learning theories are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in the field of educational psychology.

A building can be defined as a structure, which has a roof and walls. The architectural, technical and engineering applications for designing buildings is referred to as building design. Zoning requirement, investigation of the environmental impact of construction, budgeting, scheduling, logistics, inconvenience to the public, construction-site safety, etc. are some of the considerations involved in design and execution. The construction of building is carried out differently for residential and non-residential or commercial setups. It involves the principal areas of planning, design and financing. The topics included in this book on building design and construction systems are of the utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It explores all the important aspects of these fields in the present day scenario. It will serve as a reference to structural engineers, building designers, architects and students.

Vegetables are a staple for a healthy diet. They are low in fat and calories, but supply essential dietary fibers, vitamins and minerals. Vegetables can be perennials, biennials or annual. The soil type, climate, rainfall patterns, temperature, length of day, etc. have an influence on vegetable cultivation. The growing season for vegetables can be lengthened by using plastic mulch, fleece, cloches, greenhouses and polytunnels. The tools used in cultivation in domestic and commercial establishments are varied. Spade, hoe, fork, drill, transplanter, irrigation equipment, plough, etc. are some of such tools. Post-harvest care is important for ensuring long storage durability of vegetables. Most vegetables are short lived. Cold storage, shade storing and storage in high-humidity areas are commonly practiced to appropriately store vegetables. These ensure that their nutritional value remains intact. Irradiation of vegetables using ionizing radiation is used for preservation from physical deterioration, microbial infection and insect damage. This book provides comprehensive insights into the production and cultivation of vegetable crops. It picks up aspects of cultivation, harvesting, storage and preservation of vegetable crops and explains their need and contribution in the context of a growing economy. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers interested in this domain.

Physiology is the branch of biology that studies normal mechanisms and their interactions within a living system. It focuses on how organisms, organ systems, cells and biomolecules interact and perform the chemical and physical functions in a living system. Human physiology explores the mechanical, physical and biochemical functions in humans. The human body is constituted by many interacting systems of organs. These systems include the nervous system, endocrine system, respiratory system, circulatory system, etc. The interactions of these systems are essential for the maintenance of homeostasis. Each system is important for the functioning of the body. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of human physiology. Different approaches and evaluations of human physiology have been included in this book. It is appropriate for those seeking detailed information in this area.

Civil engineering is a branch of engineering that is concerned with the construction, design and maintenance of physical infrastructure such as bridges, roads, dams, airports, sewage systems, railways, etc. Many different types of building materials are used for the construction of buildings and structures. Some traditional materials are timber and blockwork. Concrete, cold rolled steel framing, composite materials, structural steel, plastics, veneer, etc. are also used in construction. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of civil engineering. It discusses the different materials that are used in construction in extensive detail. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

The identification and quantification of the properties and components of water samples are under the domain of water chemistry. The type and sensitivity of tests performed depends on desirability and intended use of water. It integrates studies in water quality, hydrology, pollution and geothermal waters. Methods of mass spectrometry and gas chromatography, specialized organoleptic methods, etc. are routinely used in water chemistry. Such studies are crucial in the domains of forensic analysis, research, drinking water supply, etc. This textbook is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of water chemistry. Most of the topics introduced herein cover new techniques and applications of this field. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in this area of study.

Broadcast journalism is a field of journalism that is concerned with the broadcasting of news in the electronic media. Broadcast methods include television, radio and World Wide Web. Television is considered to be the most influential medium for news delivery. Such media publish news in the form of visual text, sounds and pictures. Broadcast journalism is also involved in content delivery for the web, which is usually accompanied by sound and graphics of the original story. Such platforms offer the audience the choice to learn more about the event or related events, and offer their opinions about the recent developments if they choose to. A modern development in broadcast journalism is citizen broadcast journalism, which allows non-journalists to post stories and report events through social media. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of broadcast journalism. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and practices of broadcast journalism. The book is appropriate for those seeking detailed information in this area.

Structural engineering is a branch of civil engineering that is concerned with the calculation and analysis of strength, stability and rigidity of concrete structures. It uses the techniques and principles of applied mechanics, mathematics and materials science to study how structures support their own weight along with imposed loads. An understanding of the structural performance of different materials and geometries is vital for the construction of structural systems. The creative manipulation of resources, materials and structural elements is an important dimension of this field. Specializations in structural engineering may exist for particular structures such as building, earthquake engineering, civil engineering, mechanical structures, pipelines, tunnels and bridges, among others. This textbook is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of structural engineering. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies on structural engineering have been included in this book. This book will serve as a reference to all structural and civil engineers, architects and students.

Sustainability science is the field that is concerned with the study of the interaction among humans, the environment and engineered systems for the understanding of complex challenges that threaten the sustainment of life on earth. It also focuses on the development of solutions to counter these issues. Some of the threats to life support systems of the Earth include climate change, pollution, biodiversity loss and environmental degradation. Sustainability science is an upcoming field of science that has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. It combines the principles of scientific, natural, social and economic sciences to study the data obtained from diverse areas of public and private sectors. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, the book makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of sustainability science. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Nuclear physics is a field of physics, which studies the nucleus of an atom and its constituents and the interactions between them. The study of the nucleus can be approached from both classical and quantum mechanical theories using the liquid-drop model and nuclear shell model respectively. Interacting boson model and ab initio methods are alternative theories to the study of the nucleus. Some of the areas of study in nuclear physics include nuclear decay, radioactivity, nucleosynthesis, etc. Advances in nuclear physics have brought about advancements in nuclear medicine, nuclear power, nuclear weapons, magnetic resonance imaging and radiocarbon dating. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of nuclear physics. Different approaches, evaluations and methodologies have been included herein. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.

Management refers to the administration of an organization. It ideally involves setting targeted objectives, planning strategies, coordinating and supervising the work of employees and deploying financial, human, material and technological resources. The basic roles of a manager include coordination and interaction with employees, decision making and information handling and sharing roles. The skills required for the efficient handling of these tasks are varied. Leadership skills, technical expertise, good interpersonal skills, political communication building and behavior perception are just some of the key requisites. Developing such skills and attributes is an important requirement for the successful execution of management tasks. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital management skills and attributes and the ways to develop them. It unfolds the innovative aspects of management skills to carry out the tasks and responsibilities, which will be crucial for the holistic understanding of the subject matter. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Public speaking is the act of delivering a speech to a live audience. It is done to inform, persuade or entertain. Traditionally, public speaking involved simple oratory structure. The modern approach to public speaking, however integrates modern technologies for sophisticated communication. Some of these include address systems or microphone and audience response systems. Any individual desirous of success in the spheres of politics, law, or any public platform has to acquire the art of fine public speaking. The use of wit and humor, use of digressions and an appeal to the listener's emotions often characterize good public speaking. Modern public speaking involves telecommunication and videoconferencing. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of public speaking. The topics included herein are of the utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. In this book, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of public speaking as easy and informative as possible, for the readers.

Enterprise networks are networks that organizations build to interconnect its office locations for the easy sharing of computer resources. Private enterprise networks may have a combination of intranets and extranets. An intranet is a set of networks under the control of a single administrator. It uses IP protocol and IP-based tools like file transfer applications and web browsers. An extranet is the network that is administered by a single organization but supports access to an external network. The concept of the internetwork is of significance to enterprise networks. An internetwork refers to the connection of multiple computer networks through a common routing technology. The largest example of an internetwork is the Internet. Network traffic is carried out through network paths by routing. It is done for packet switched networks and circuit switching networks. This textbook is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of enterprise networks. The topics included herein are of the utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary science that develops on the methods and principles of statistics, computing, mathematics and biology to analyze biological data. It also includes the study of protein structures, amino acid sequences and nucleotide sequences. Techniques such as machine learning algorithms, pattern recognition, data mining and visualization are used. Drug discovery and design, gene finding, sequence alignment, protein-protein interactions, etc. are important areas of interest. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of bioinformatics. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary approach. In this book, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of bioinformatics as easy and informative as possible, for the readers.

Materials whose individual units range in size between 1 to 1000 nanometers are called nanomaterials. Such materials have unique mechanical, optical and electronic properties. These are either engineered or natural. Nanomaterials can be grouped under nanostructured materials and nano-objects. They have major applications in manufacturing processes, healthcare, bioimaging and biosensing, medical diagnosis, etc. The study of nanomaterials requires an integration of the fields of materials science and nanotechnology, advanced materials metrology and synthesis. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in nanotechnology. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover the properties, synthesis, techniques and applications of nanomaterials. This textbook is a complete source of knowledge on the present status of this important field.

Corporate finance is an area of finance, which deals with an analysis of the sources of capital, the financial structure of a corporation, resource allocation and the strategies for increasing the value of the firm. The principal objective of corporate finance is to increase the value of the enterprise to shareholders. This is achieved by striking a balance between investments and payment of dividends to shareholders. Corporate finance comprises of the two sub-disciplines of capital budgeting and working capital management. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of corporate finance. It outlines the processes and applications of corporate finance in detail. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.