Bøger udgivet af Larsen and Keller Education

The branch of physics which deals with temperature and heat, and their relation to energy, work, radiation, and properties of matter is known as thermodynamics. The four laws of thermodynamics form the basis for the behaviors of these quantities.These laws are the zeroth, first, second and third law of thermodynamics. The zeroth law defines thermal equilibrium. The first law of thermodynamics is related to the principle of the conservation of energy. The second law deals with the flow of heat and how it cannot flow from a colder object to a hotter object. The third law defines how all processes would stop if the temperature of a system becomes zero. There are various branches of thermodynamics such as classical thermodynamics, equilibrium thermodynamics, chemical thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics. The topics included in this book on thermodynamics are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. The book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of thermodynamics. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

The transfer of data from one point to another is known as digital communication. Optical fibers, storage media, computer buses, wireless communication channels and copper wires are a few types of channels used in digital communications. The data in digital communication is represented as an electrical voltage, microwave, radiowave and infrared signal. Synchronous and asynchronous transmissions are the two types of data communication. The transmission speeds at both the sending and receiving end of the transmission are synchronized in synchronous transmission by using clock signals. Asynchronous serial communication uses start and stop bits to signify the beginning and end of a transmission. Digital communications is an upcoming field of science that has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied concepts and applications that fall under this category. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

The practical application of the knowledge of self-propelled machines or vehicles is known as automotive technology. The study focuses on fuel and ignition systems, transmissions, engine construction, power trains, brakes, and electronic and diagnostic equipment. It also involves designing, construction, repairing and maintaining of all types of automobiles. There are several technologies, which are emerging at a rapid pace such as vehicle safety technology. It is developed to ensure security and safety of the passengers and automobiles. Significant examples include theft deterrence, remote speed sensing, geo-fencing capabilities, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, damage mitigation, etc. Sustainable automotive air conditioning is the next generation air conditioning of automobile. Other technologies include automotive steering and suspension technologies, automatic manual transmission, etc. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of automotive technology. The various sub-fields of automotive technology along with its technological progress that have future implications are glanced at in this book. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

The branch of engineering which focuses on the optimization of procedures, equipment and departmental budgets is known as maintenance engineering. It also focuses on improving the maintainability, availability and reliability of equipment. The primary purpose of maintenance engineering is to ensure that a particular unit is ready for use and maximize its availability while minimizing the costs. Some of the disciplines which contribute knowledge towards maintenance engineering are logistics, probability and statistics. There are numerous applications of this field such as analyzing repetitive equipment failures, forecasting spare parts, estimating repair costs and assessing the requirement for equipment replacements. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to maintenance engineering. Some of the diverse topics covered in this book address the varied branches that fall under this category. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

The branch of engineering which deals with the application of different sub-atomic processes based on the principles of nuclear physics is known as nuclear engineering. The two primary sub-atomic processes, which are dealt within this field are fission and fusion. Fission refers to the breaking down of atomic nuclei while fusion refers to the combining of atomic nuclei. The field of nuclear fission deals with designing, maintaining and interacting with components and systems like nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors. It also involves the study of medical and other applications of radiation, especially ionizing radiation, heat/thermodynamics transport, nuclear fuel, nuclear safety, and the problems of nuclear proliferation. The topics included in this book on nuclear engineering are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

The online database of the digital objects that includes videos, audios, texts, still images and other digital media formats is referred to as a digital library. The two major types of digital libraries are institutional repositories and digital archives. Institutional repositories include the books, theses, papers and other works of an institution that can be digitized. The software of institutional library is specialized in searching, organizing and archiving the content of a library. The digital archives often keep the context in which their records have been created. The topics included in this book on digital libraries are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. The concepts covered herein deal with the core theories and practices of this field. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.

The form of technical education which aims at preparing people for various roles related to a specific occupation, trade or vocation, is known as vocational education. Training under vocational education provides career training for jobs which are based upon practical fields or manuals. This type of education is non-academic. They are mostly provided at post-secondary, higher education and further education level. Under apprenticeship, new generation of practitioners of a profession with on-job training are trained with some classroom work and study. Vocational schools are educational institutions, which are especially designed to provide vocational education and technical skills. Online vocational education is an emerging field, providing education about various trade skills from professionals to those living far. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of vocational education and training. Such selected concepts that redefine this field have been presented in herein. This textbook aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Biofuel is a fuel that is produced in a relatively small time interval from biomass by using modern techniques. It can be derived from plants known as energy crops as well as from the biological wastes produced by agriculture, households and industries. Some of the commonly used biofuels are biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, syngas, methanol, butanol, bioethers and green diesel. Biodiesel is produced through the process of transesterification by using fats or oils. Bioethanol is produced by the process of fermentation using the carbohydrates which are present in sugar or starch crops. Biofuels are classified into various generations, namely, first generation, second generation, third generation and fourth generation. The topics covered in this extensive book deal with the core aspects of biofuel. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary approach. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

A natural phenomenon which can have a negative impact on the environment or humans is known as a natural hazard. Such events are categorized into two types, namely, geophysical and biological. Geological and meteorological phenomenon such as wildfires, earthquakes and droughts fall under the category of geophysical hazards. A wide variety of diseases, infections and infestations come under the umbrella of biological hazards. Natural disaster refers to a natural hazard which has already occurred. It refers to a particular event, which occurs over a relatively shorter period of time. Identification of different types of hazards is known as hazard analysis. It plays a vital role in reducing the risk posed by a disaster or a hazard. The topics included in this book on natural hazards and disasters are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

The field of study which focuses on the development of a child with respect to language learning, conceptual resources, information processing and perpetual skills is known as cognitive development. It observes the qualitative differences between a child and an adult. Cognitive development deals with the understanding of logical relations and cause-effect reasoning in school age children. It is concerned with the intellectual development of children and the emergence of the ability to consciously understand, cognize and articulate their understanding. The topics covered in this extensive book deal with the core aspects of cognitive development and learning. Different approaches, evaluations and methodologies and studies on cognitive development have been included in this book. This book will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in this field.

Any mental condition which causes complications in processing or comprehending information is known as a learning disability. It can be caused due to various factors. Individuals who suffer from learning disabilities find it difficult to execute tasks if they are taught using conventional methods. Classroom adjustments and usage of special equipment are some of the ways in which they can be managed. Some of the individuals who suffer from learning disabilities can exhibit challenging behavior. The abnormal behaviors of considerable frequency, duration or intensity which endanger the safety of the person or the people around are known as challenging behaviors. Appropriately managing these challenging behaviors and emotions of students is one of the focus areas of classroom management plans. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of classroom management with respect to learning disabilities and challenging behaviors. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further. Those with an interest in this field would find this book helpful.

The study of the techniques that are utilized to ensure secure communication in the presence of adversaries is known as cryptography. It includes the analysis and construction of the protocols to prevent the public or third parties from reading private messages. The aspects that are central to modern cryptography are related to confidentiality of data, authentication, data integrity, and non-repudiation. Modern cryptography is classified into various areas of study such as symmetric-key cryptography, cryptanalysis, cryptosystems, public-key cryptography and cryptographic primitives. Various disciplines that contribute to cryptography are computer science, communication science, mathematics, physics and electrical engineering. Cryptography is applied in fields such as electronic commerce, computer passwords, military communications, chip-payment cards and digital currencies. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of cryptography and how such concepts have practical applications. Most of the topics introduced herein cover new techniques and the applications of this field. This book is a complete source of knowledge on the present status of this important field.

The study of sediments like silt, sand and clay is referred to as sedimentology. It also studies the processes which result in their formation, transportation, deposition and diagenesis. The main types of sedimentary rocks which are studied in this field include carbonates, evaporites and clastics. Carbonates are made up of various carbonate minerals such as calcium carbonate. The evaporation of water at the surface of the Earth results in the formation of evaporites. The particles that are derived from the weathering and erosion of precursor rocks make clastic rocks. There are numerous methods used within this field to gather data and evidence on the nature and depositional conditions of sedimentary rocks. A few of them are sequence stratigraphy, describing the lithology of the rock and analyzing the geochemistry of the rock. The topics included in this book on sedimentology are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of this field. This book attempts to assist those with a goal of delving into this field

The design and use of computer technology pertaining to the interfaces between human users and computers are explored within the domain of human-computer interaction. The designing of technologies which allows humans to interact with computers in new ways is explored in this field. It also observes the ways in which humans interact with computers. Human-computer interaction is an amalgamation of a variety of fields such as behavioral sciences, design, media studies and computer science. Research within this field is further divided into various subfields. Some of these are augmented reality, user customization, social computing, embedded computation and brain-computer interfaces. The various sub-fields of human-computer interaction along with technological progress that have future implications are glanced at in this book. It will also provide interesting topics for research which interested readers can take up. This textbook is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

The discipline that is concerned with the study of the processes that interact with data and can be represented as data in various forms of programs is referred to as computer science. It enables the use of algorithms for storing, manipulating and communicating digital information. The umbrella field of computer science includes the study of theories of computation and the practice of designing software systems. It is classified into various theoretical and practical disciplines, which include computational complexity theory, computer graphics, programming language theory, computer programming, as well as human-computer interaction. This textbook presents the complex subject of computer science in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. The various sub-fields of computer science along with technological progress that have future implications are glanced at in this textbook. For all those who are interested in this field, this book can prove to be an essential guide.

The medical treatments which are used in place of mainstream therapies are known as alternative medicines. It is also known as integrative medicine, traditional medicine and complementary medicine. There are various popular alternative medicine treatments such as acupuncture, chiropractic medicine, herbal medicine and Ayurveda. Acupuncture is a part of traditional Chinese medicine which makes use of sterile needles to stimulate specific point within the body. Chiropractic medicine studies the body's structure and functions in order to manipulate different parts of the body. This can be done to ease pain, help the body to recover naturally and improve body functions. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of alternative medicine and related fields. It is a vital tool for all researching and studying this field. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

The intelligence demonstrated by machines is referred to as artificial intelligence. It also refers to the machines that are capable of mimicking the cognitive functions of the human brain such as learning and problem-solving. It is broadly classified into three types of systems, namely, human inspired, analytical and humanized artificial intelligence. A few of the capabilities of artificial intelligence include understanding human speech, competing in strategic games and intelligent routing in content delivery networks. It is also used in various other fields such as medical diagnosis, art creation, proving mathematical theorems, online assistants, search engines as well as in customer targeting in online advertisements. This book presents the complex subject of artificial intelligence in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. Most of the topics introduced herein cover new techniques and the applications of this field. Those with an interest in this field would find this book helpful.

A supply chain is a system of people, organizations, information, resources and activities that is involved in the movement of services and products from the supplier to the customer. The activities related to supply chain deal with the transformation of raw materials, natural resources and components into a final product that is delivered to the customer. Supply chain management includes the management of this flow of goods and services. It involves the design, control, planning, execution and monitoring of supply chain activities. It aims to create net value and synchronize supply with demand. Supply chain management makes use of various areas such as logistics, information technology, operations management, systems engineering, industrial engineering and marketing. This book outlines the processes and applications of supply chain management in detail. It also unfolds the innovative aspects of this field, which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. This book is a complete source of knowledge on the present status of this important field.

The laboratory technique used for the separation of a mixture is known as chromatography. The fluid in which the mixture is dissolved is called the mobile phase. It carries the fluid to another material named as the stationary phase. Various components of the mixture travel at different speeds due to which they separate. Chromatography can be either preparative or analytical. Preparative chromatography is concerned with the separation of a mixture's components for later use. Analytical chromatography deals with small amounts of material and is used to establish the presence and measurement of the relative proportions of analytes in a mixture. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to chromatography. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied techniques that fall under this category. This book will serve as a valuable source of reference for those interested in this area.

The planning, controlling and organizing of financial activities is termed as financial management. A few activities which fall under this category are procurement of funds as well as their utilization. Financial management is involved in the application of the principles of management to the financial resources of an enterprise. It primarily focuses on ratios, debts and equities. Some of the major objectives of this field are profit maximization, wealth maximization, maintenance of proper cash flow and minimization on capital cost. A few of its allied fields are investment management, managerial finance and corporate finance. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to financial management. It picks up individual branches and explains their need and contribution in the context of a growing economy. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this textbook covers the most significant topics in the field of financial management.

Operations management is involved in designing and controlling the processes of production. It also deals with redesigning the business operations in the production of goods and services. Operations management ensures that business operations are meeting the customer requirements while using minimal resources. It manages the entire production system where inputs such as raw material, labor and energy are converted into outputs such as goods and services. Operations management has application in various sectors like banking systems, hospitals and companies. It manages the strategic as well as day-to-day production of goods and services. This textbook elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to operations management. It picks up individual branches and explains their need and contribution in the context of a growing economy. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

The managerial process which is designed to control and oversee the diverse advertising activities involved in a program to communicate with a company's target market is known as advertising management. It is an integral component of a firm's promotional mix, and works in close association with the overall marketing communications program. There are different types of advertising which are managed within this field such as brand advertising and corporate advertising. Brand advertising is a non-personal message which is placed in a mass medium to persuade the target audience to purchase a product or service. Corporate advertising seeks to convey the company's values in order to influence public opinion. The topics included in this book on advertising management are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It covers in detail some existent theories and innovative concepts revolving around this field. This textbook is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

The branch of biology that deals with the study of the structure and function of the cell is known as cell biology. It is involved in the study of various aspects of the cell such as its physiological properties, signaling pathways, metabolic processes and life cycle. It also studies the chemical composition and interactions of the cell with their environment. Research in this field is conducted at both microscopic and molecular levels. The cells which are studied in cell biology are broadly classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane bound nucleus while eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus as well as membrane bound organelles. Cell biology plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases such as cancer. The study in cell biology is closely related to the fields of genetics, molecular biology, immunology, biochemistry and cytochemistry. The book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of cell biology. Different approaches, evaluations and concepts related to this field have been included herein. This textbook aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

The branch of biology which deals with the study of immune system in all organisms is referred to as immunology. It measures and contextualizes the physiological functioning of the immune system in terms of both health and diseases. It also observes the malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders such as autoimmune disease, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency and transplant rejection. Immunology studies the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system. It is applied in various disciplines of medicine, including organ transplantation, oncology, virology, rheumatology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry and dermatology. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of immunology. It brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of this field. This book aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

The scientific study of chemical processes in living organisms such as plants, animals and microorganisms is known as biochemistry. It is divided into physical biochemistry, molecular genetics, metabolism, clinical chemistry and protein science. This field focuses on the mechanism of biological molecules and how it gives rise to various processes which occurs within living cells. This extensive field studies tissues, organism structure and function, and organs. It also focuses on proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates as they provide cell structure. The concepts and methods of this field are applied in medicine, agriculture, nutrition, and biotechnology. The topics covered in this extensive book deal with the core aspects of biochemistry. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, this book makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

The scientific study of proteins is known as proteomics. Proteins perform various essential functions in living organisms. Proteomes are the sets of proteins that are modified and created by an organism. It is useful in identification of the increasing number of proteins. Proteomics utilizes the genetic information provided by various genome projects such as the human genome project. It explores the proteomes from several levels of protein composition, structure and activity. Proteomics is a vital component of functional genomics which attempts to explain the functions and interactions of genes. Some of the processes studied within this discipline are protein exploration, protein interactions, protein phosphorylation, etc. The topics included in this book on proteomics are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. Such selected concepts that redefine this field have been presented herein. Through this book, we attempt to further enlighten the readers about the new concepts in this field.

Biotechnology is a field of biology that makes use of living systems and organisms to develop products. It is a broad field that includes principles from the fields of genomics, immunology and recombinant genetics. It is also used in the development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests. Some of the major branches of biotechnology are bioinformatics, green biotechnology, violet biotechnology and yellow biotechology. Green biotechnology refers to the application of the principles of biotechnology to agricultural processes. The issues of philosophy, law and ethics related to biotechnology are dealt with under the sub-domain of violet biotechnology. The utilization of biotechnology for the purpose of food production is referred to as yellow biotechnology. Major sectors in which biotechnology is applied are health care, food production and agriculture. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of biotechnology. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover new techniques and the applications of this field. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

The study of genes, genetic variation and heredity in plants is referred to as plant genetics. It is a field of biology and botany that encompasses various life sciences. Plant genetics is primarily applied to the genetic modification of plants for increasing disease resistance, nutritional value and yield. The science of changing the characteristics of plants for the purpose of increasing their nutritional value is termed as plant breeding. There are a diverse range of techniques which are used in plant breeding such as marker assisted selection, genetic modification and reverse breeding. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of plant genetics and breeding. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on this field have been included in this book. This textbook will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

The fertilized and mature ovules of plants which are used for sowing are known as seeds. The plants which use seeds for their reproduction are known as spermatophytes. The branch of agricultural sciences that deals with the study of the structure of seeds is known as seed science. It also studies the development of seeds from a fertilized egg cell to the emergence of a new plant. Some of the focus areas of this branch of science are- the different types of germination, seed storage and seed ecology. It is also involved in studying the different methods and techniques which are involved in the sowing of seeds. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of seed science. The ever growing need of advanced technology is the reason that has fueled the research in this field in recent times. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Horticulture refers to the agriculture of plants for various purposes such as food, materials, beauty and comfort. It also includes the growing of vegetables, flowers and fruits for ornamental purposes. Horticulture involves landscape restoration, conservation of plants and soil management. It also deals with landscape and garden construction, design and maintenance as well as arboriculture. Some of the major focus areas within this field are turf management, floriculture, olericulture and pomology. Turf management deals with the production and management of turf grass for various purposes. Floriculture is involved in the production and marketing of floral crops. The production and marketing of vegetables and fruits are termed as olericulture and pomology, respectively. This textbook presents the complex subject of horticulture in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. It provides significant information about this discipline to help develop a good understanding of it. This textbook will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.