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The aim of this paper is to reflect on the management of the School Council by carrying out a comparative study between democratic and traditional types of management. In this respect, it analyses the way in which the debate surrounding the democratization of School Council management has been dealt with in the social environment as a whole and, in particular, in education, gaining increasingly controversial contours. The problem investigated asks how the process of School Council Management is produced in the school context. This is a qualitative and quantitative study which, based on the dialectical method, seeks to identify the various factors that involve the effectiveness of the democratic management of the School Council by means of a hypothetical deductive study. Data collection consisted of a bibliographic survey, observations and interviews with the various actors that make up the school community on administrative, organizational, political and pedagogical action.

With the aim of combating heresy, the Inquisition was set up in Portugal in the 16th century and taken to its colonies, such as America, working through inquisitorial visits, with the help of commissioners and family members, where all the cases and the people accused were sent to the Court in Lisbon to be judged.We analysed a case from the 18th century of an accusation of bigamy against a woman called Francisca Maria. We analysed concepts such as heresy, morality, intimacy, marriage and bigamy at the time.

The development of this work is related to the concepts of the implementation of the Quality Management System and its operation within a company in the field of Civil Construction in accordance with ABNT NBR ISO 9001, given the demands of today's market. It shows the positive and negative advantages of the management process within a company in the construction industry. ISO 9001 certification comes as an alternative to improving the production system, producing services and products with a quality standard that achieves customer satisfaction. The main idea is to demonstrate how a quality management system works in the construction industry and to clarify the main doubts about the process of implementing the system and certification.

The main objective of this work is to analyse the implementation and results of a differentiated and assisted assessment system implemented by the Yellow School, located in Cidade Ocidental-Goiás (Brazil), with the aim of contributing to and providing opportunities for the development and learning of students identified with learning difficulties, according to medical reports. The literature review discussed the concepts of learning difficulties and learning disorders, especially ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), the relationship between teaching and learning in Vygotsky's socio-historical theory, the medicalisation of students with ADHD and the assisted assessment of students with learning problems and/or medical reports in the schooling process. The research pointed to considerations that can be considered by teachers, parents and specialists, so that children and adolescents are seen and understood as learning subjects in the process.

This book was developed during my Master's degree at UERJ/FEBF, under the supervision of professor and doctor Mônica Peregrino. It was developed among young people from the Conjuntos de Favelas do Alemão during the pacification process (2013/2014). The aim was to understand the entry of young people from Alemão into the job market, even in a place with a high degree of violence, especially among young people, we found empowered young people establishing other communication routes.

The field of education is marked by policies, whether government or state, at different levels (federal, state and municipal), where one complements the other, or contradicts each other, but all directly affect what happens on a daily basis at school, the environment responsible for literacy. The National Pact for Literacy at the Right Age (PNAIC) was set up in 2012 with the intention of reaffirming and expanding the commitment already made in the "All for Education Target Plan", with the aim of making children literate by the age of eight at the latest. This book looks at PNAIC in the political and academic spheres, in order to understand the reasons why one literacy policy is being replaced by another, as well as to understand the academic relationships that exist with PNAIC, so that they disseminate teacher training based on a single literacy epistemology. Based on sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of field, social space, academic field and political field, and on Vera Masagão Ribeiro and Magda Soares' concepts of literacy, literacy and illiteracy, we used these concepts to analyse PNAIC from different perspectives.

Risk mapping is an essential and careful practice in the field of occupational safety and the environment. It plays a fundamental role in identifying, assessing and controlling potential threats that could compromise the physical integrity of workers and cause environmental impacts. This tool consists of a systematic process of analysis aimed at anticipating and preventing accidents, minimizing the dangers inherent in work activities and ensuring the preservation of natural resources.

Social justice in the field of education has become a complex issue in contemporary times. It is a relative construction in time and space. As such, this book explores the meanings attributed by high school students in São Gonçalo, RJ to "what is a Just School?". This is a qualitative study, based on authors who talk about the Theory of Social Justice, such as Rawls (2003); Walzer (2003); Estêvão (2001; 2004); Fraser (2009); Young (1990) and Dubet (2004; 2008). To collect the information, structured interviews were used, which were answered by seventy high school students from a state school in São Gonçalo. The structured interviews were analyzed and categorized using Critical Discourse Analysis. It constitutes a small sample of the student universe in São Gonçalo-Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. It offers the reader a critical reflection on Brazilian education.

Beans are an important source of protein in human nutrition and are grown worldwide in a wide variety of production systems. Due to the need to apply nitrogen (N) in order to achieve better development and consequently better productivity, the aim of this study was to assess the behaviour of the bean crop, verifying the growth and productivity parameters of irrigated beans using different doses of nitrogen that were applied or not on the pre-defined dates.

This research aims to present the profile of literacy teachers in Santa Catarina's public schools. For the analysis, different categories were studied, which were identified in the INEP 2013 microdata. In this way, it was possible to study the profile of teachers who work directly with literacy classes in basic education in public schools in the state of Santa Catarina.

This book aims to analyze teacher training and its implications for the learning of students in the early years in the context of reading. In terms of the research problem, the aim was to analyze whether teachers have adequate training to teach so that students acquire learning that is meaningful to their intellectual development in the context of reading. The instruments used were questionnaires, field observations and document analysis. This led to the conclusion that teachers without specific training in the area can have a negative influence on students' learning, thus proving the hypothesis raised. It is believed that this research will help teachers to consolidate their understanding that the way they deal with teaching and the production of knowledge can make a difference to the outcome of their educational action. To conceive of reading as a learning tool is to think of a project aimed at humanizing people and reorganizing the structure of life in society. Therefore, embarking on teacher training means developing actions that promote learning and knowledge.

By ratifying international and regional legal instruments on human rights, States try to give effect to the provisions of these instruments through policies, programs, action plans, laws and regulations, etc. This exercise, far from being judgmental, is intended to be an interactive and constructive dialogue.This exercise, far from being a judgment, is intended to be an interactive and constructive dialogue, since the recommendations that the treaty bodies or peers, in the case of the UPR, make to the State under review are intended to encourage it to better fulfill its obligations to respect, protect and implement human rights on its territory.In this book, I retrace the African experience in this field, and make the link between corruption and human rights violations, as well as with the fight against terrorism.One paragraph also invites the reader to discover the OIC's Independent Permanent Commission on Human Rights.

Thinking of the classroom only from the student's point of view no longer makes sense. For some time now, common-sense discourses have not been uncommon, pointing the finger of blame for school failure at the student level. However, it is necessary to reflect on the quality of classroom time, on how content is correlated with practice and on teacher preparation. For these and other reasons, the aim of this book is to take a look at the practice of the Portuguese language teacher, as well as to reflect on the role of this teacher in the area of Language. In this way, we believe that Literature can contribute and be a resource for more dynamic, interactive and reflective learning right from elementary school.

The main aim of this qualitative study was to discuss the daily challenges faced by teachers in the early years of primary school when working with content from specific areas of knowledge, with an emphasis on issues related to geographical knowledge. It was based on the assumption that the fact that most multipurpose teachers only have a degree in Pedagogy has had a direct impact on their teaching practices, resulting in many cases in the reproduction of traditional concepts, resulting in weaknesses among students when they enter the second cycle of primary school. The study was based on the reality of the 'Irmã Dulce' Municipal Primary School, located in Rua Berlim, S/N, Parque Residencial Tubarão-Serra/ES. The discussions were structured into sections, using documentary analysis of school documents, a literature review and analysis of interviews recorded using a semi-structured script as methodological resources. The main result is that professionals have shown difficulties in working with specific content.

Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactilidae), whose most common name is pepper frog or gia, was described as Rana labyrinthica by Spix in 1824 and redefined as a new genus (Leptodactylus labyrinthicus) (CEI, 1980). The population of the peppered frog in Brazil has been decreasing due to the constant degradation of natural ecosystems, especially due to anthropogenic actions, predatory hunting and the introduction of exotic species. Knowledge of the reproductive cycle is fundamental to understanding the life cycle strategies of living beings. The dispersal of vertebrates depends on the adaptation of these cycles to the environment. And, for the preservation of the peppered frog, this knowledge can provide subsidies for phylogenetic analyses of this species. The importance of the peppered frog for the Brazilian ecosystem and the lack of studies on the semen of this species justify the development of this work, the main objective of which was to evaluate the characteristics of peppered frog semen and spermatozoa.

There are various methodologies for studying the environment, allowing for different levels of focus and making it possible to compare alternatives for changing patterns of use of natural resources and the adoption of constraints, deficiencies and potentialities for a given location. In an attempt to propose changes in the use of resources in the Tibagi river basin, based on geosystemic methodology and with the relief as its central axis, an integrated analysis of the various physical, socio-economic and biotic systems that transform the environment was sought. Relief was chosen as the central axis of the study because it is the stage on which almost all transformations of society and nature take place. The data collected through the diagnosis was detailed and systematized using geoprocessing tools. Some field surveys were carried out to validate the information gathered from secondary sources and to get a real view of the study area, especially the relief features, and all of this information and studies were fundamental to the realization of the geographical zoning proposal.

This book emerged from an action research project carried out with young people from the Poço Longe Agrarian Reform Settlement. The research investigated aspects of experimentation with elements of Commedia dell'Arte with the young people from the settlement, and the following elements were chosen to guide the investigation: the body construction of the genre's types, the making of masks and the drafting of a script. The experiment aimed to explain the appropriation and transformations made by the participants based on their cultural identifications with the masks they worked on.

Positive Psychology is a theory that seeks to study the positive aspects of human beings with the aim of making people's lives more rewarding and preventing illness or promoting health. The aim of the research in this book was to investigate how the main aspects studied by this psychological approach, such as positive emotion, engagement, meaning, positive relationships, positive achievement, resilience and optimism, appear in people's accounts of their experiences and how they define happiness. Interviews were conducted with 10 university students, using the qualitative research method. It was also possible to study the term happiness throughout history and see how today's societies have been influenced by thinkers of the past and how the concept has changed to arrive at the definition that is used today, which was greatly influenced by the Enlightenment thinking of the 18th century. The results of the study show that all those interviewed seek happiness in their own way, but in accordance with the essential principles of the study, especially the connection with purpose, importance and positive feelings.

The book presents a diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders related to the clinical and laboratory practice of Brazilian dental students. Ergonomics is researched using a validated instrument to collect information relating to profession, musculoskeletal pain, frequency of physical activity, length of course and measures used by students, universities and professors to help prevent occupational diseases in the academic environment. The authors suggest an ergonomic protocol called PERGODONTO to be implemented in universities with the aim of helping to prevent diseases related to the clinical and routine conduct of dentistry in the academic environment.

This work brings together important experiences in the management of third sector organizations. It highlights the importance of understanding error as a stage in any process, not as a barrier or impediment to the continuity of our projects. In the management of third sector companies there are various paradigms about the administrative process, which need to be removed from the process in order to reduce the number of organizations of this kind going out of business and/or so that they do not depend exclusively on public authorities or private initiative to carry out their actions. Developing a work that encourages administrators of third sector organizations to practice strategic management in these organizations is of fundamental importance, as I believe that the third sector has and will have a fundamental role to play in global social, political and economic development.

This work was taken from the doctoral thesis entitled: THE SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS CAUSED BY THE INDEXES OF FAILURE AND SCHOOL EVASION IN THE STATE SCHOOL NETWORK OF THE STATE OF RONDONIA, the general objective was in diagnosing the Socioeconomic Impacts produced by failure and school evasion. This questioning arose from the author having participated as a manager in the Rondônia State Department of Education, realizing the lack of attention paid to school failures and dropouts, annually creating social/school and financial instability, with alarming rates of school failure and dropout, without any concern for retention and the application of resources, repeatedly year after year, in those who will not give a socioeconomic return both to society and to the state itself, which has limited resources that are incompatible with its needs in terms of the education system. The research carried out in public schools in the state education network, at primary and secondary levels, showed in its results that the problem raised has indeed been confirmed, with alarming percentages, jeopardizing all education planning.

The situation of the Brazilian prison system is deplorable, with overcrowded prisons, prisoners living in inhumane conditions, a context that affects society in general, which receives these individuals who leave these places in the same way they entered or, in most cases, worse. In this sense, it is important to adopt public policies that act effectively in the recovery and adaptation of prisoners to social life, using the Penal Enforcement Law and its two axes as a basic tool: punishing and re-socialising. The aim of this book is to demonstrate how the participation of the state, combined with the application of appropriate measures, is essential for the resocialisation of convicts. In this sense, effective public policies must be adopted, such as re-education through prison labour, which provides conditions for the inmate to restructure and not re-offend.

Physiotherapy today is present in all segments of rehabilitation, whether neurological (motor) or respiratory, where its preparation and performance can provide a new moment and quality of life for the patient, when exercised by the physiotherapy professional. In this book, the author Reinaldo Soares expresses his experience as a physiotherapist, as can be seen in his curriculum vitae. It focuses on specialization in neurology, as well as clinical conduct and assessment. Physiotherapists strive to apply what they have learned and continue to learn about human relations. They see the need to redefine their roles and re-evaluate professional values, continuing research in their specific field. The content of this book is fully suited to the basic needs of physiotherapists, covering both academics and professionals, who should be concerned about being able to carry out their work to the full. Considering that physiotherapists interacting in their profession will be combining scientific knowledge with professional competence. With the ability to articulate the means to achieve optimum levels of patient care in our society.

The subject of this research is the job satisfaction of nurses working in the Emergency and Intensive Care services of the ULS, Nordeste, essentially because of the scientific evidence which considers that professional satisfaction also boosts user satisfaction, the quality of care and the efficient use of resources, from a cost-benefit perspective. This is an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study of a quantitative nature, with a structured questionnaire applied to a population of 96 nurses. The sample showed low levels of job satisfaction, which shows the need to promote improvements in human resource management, boosting productivity and the performance levels of professionals by focusing on improving the factors that can interfere with their job satisfaction and consequently promote an increase in the quality of care provided.

This paper carries out a comparative study between the Brazilian Occupational Health and Safety Regulatory Standards, the NR'S, and the occupational health and safety management system models defined in the OHSAS18001 and ILO/OSH2001 specifications, taking the civil construction sector as a reference. Aspects relating to senior management commitment, prevention of accidents at work and occupational illnesses, risk identification, worker involvement, communication, performance measurement, training and awareness, and continuous improvement, auditing and critical analysis by management are analyzed. To deepen the comparative analysis, a case study is carried out on a construction company that has implemented an OHSAS18001-based OHSMS, Tecnum Construtora, certified by Lloyds Register Quality Assurance. Tecnum was the first company in the construction industry to obtain OHSAS 18001 certification in the world and the first in Brazil, among other economic activities. The comparative analysis of the NR's with OHSAS18001 and ILO/OSH2001 points to the need for a revision of the NR's model.

Methodical instructions contain recommendations for laboratory classes. A wide range of normative basis indicators of quality of atmospheric air, water, their peculiarities and values are considered. The rules of snow and water sampling and preparation, procedures of analyses by unified chemical-analytical methods are described. The issues of anthropogenic load influence on the ecological state of soils are reflected and the rules of soil sampling and preparation for analyses are considered. Also presented is the methodology of nitrate determination in different vegetables.

Metallurgy is the science that aims to study the entire process of extracting and transforming materials classified as metallic. Since the dawn of time, man has used means and techniques to shape the different materials found in nature, concomitantly with the application of these materials in the industrial sector, with the aim of making the most of their properties. This work shows in a simple and objective way the basic principles of two of the most commonly used industrial mechanical manufacturing processes: Electroerosion and Casting, presenting case studies for the practical and conceptual discussion of the respective techniques.

On this occasion, we dealt with the quality management system in as clear and comprehensive a manner as possible, seeking ways of structuring a management system, with strategies for seeking continuous improvement and proving the importance of a proactive vision for decision-making, based on and supported by facts experienced along my professional path, addressing quality and not simply as a result of data presented in fictitious situations and, addressing the issue of maturing processes to develop the correct use of quality tools and the importance of the role of the manufacturing and service community as a whole, and fundamentally to those interested in amplifying and solidifying these concepts so that there is an alignment in the opportunity to bring knowledge, above all retaining it in a meaningful way to the professional, training with its proper approaches, diagnoses and treatments in problem solving under the concept of Problem Solving Analysis Methodology.

A study aimed at harnessing energy in the treatment of urban waste, using biodigesters to transform sewage into biogas, and fuel cells to transform this gas into electricity, is the main focus of this work. Using the city of Osório/RS as the setting for this event, it is possible to estimate the magnitude of electricity production, within a realistic context, when proposing a type of solution for an urban area. This city already stands out in terms of renewable energy production, as it is home to one of the first and largest wind farms in the Americas. This work also presents some suggestions for ecological solutions to improve care for the environment, as well as some comparisons of possible technologies for sewage treatment. It concludes with an indication of ways forward and the next steps to turn this study into a prosperous reality in building the planet we want to leave to our heirs.

This paper will introduce us to the so-called "cryptocurrencies", or "digital currencies". Perhaps they will not be, as their advocates propose, "as big as the printing press", but their development bequeathed a great tool: blockchains as public data structures (or shared to all members of a network) applicable to old and new legal and civic operations. Among them, "Bitcoin" stands out for now, which is an electronic currency, a protocol and a software, inspired by the crypto-anarchist manifesto written by Timothy C. May in 1992, in which he proposed the creation of a crypto-currency. May in 1992, in which he proposed the creation of a network of users that eliminates all types of state or private intermediation. May claimed that the impact of the creation of such a network, safeguarded by the use of encryption, would weaken the power of financial institutions just as the printing press weakened the power of medieval guilds. His prophecy came true, although it remains to be seen whether it will have an impact similar to that of the printing press, Bitcoin brought the ideas of the crypto-anarch manifesto to reality and turned them into a real system through blockchain technology.