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The aim of this study was to investigate parents' perceptions of play activities during their child's stay in paediatrics. The methodology used was qualitative, descriptive and exploratory. In the data analysis, a brief characterisation of the participants is presented first, followed by the three themes defined after reading and analysing the material obtained from the interviews. Playfulness as a facilitator during childhood hospitalisation highlights the importance given to the act of playing so that children can bring the cold hospital universe closer to their joyful childhood universe. Playfulness as an auxiliary tool in treatment and prognosis addresses the benefits that such activities bring to the child, being able to have therapeutic functionality during hospitalisation. Playfulness as a working tool for nurses points to the importance of professionals taking playfulness as a working tool, implementing it in their routine, aiming for more humane and sensitive professionals.

The aim of this dissertation is to understand how meaning is produced through suingue or samba-suingue, a genre of Brazilian popular music that emerged in Rio Grande do Sul in the 1960s. The research took into account historical aspects and features of its practice, identifying characteristics and singularities, based on issues of musical genre and cultural identity. The methodology of this work consisted of a case study on samba-suingue, plus a literature review and interviews, which served to cross-check information and compare some of the conclusions of this analysis, which discusses the characteristics found in this genre. For the author, the motivation for carrying out this work arose from the realization of some gaps often present in the approach to this genre in Brazilian popular music. It was concluded that suingue is a specific way in which the people of Rio Grande do Sul play samba on the guitar, where the rhythm played corresponds to the accent, i.e. the way of speaking influences the way of playing, resulting in the so-called "3 no 2", an expression used to highlight the rhythmic division.

The book presents a series of reflections and recommendations on the current situation of inclusive education in Chilean schools. It raises arguments considering the perspective of students, families, teachers and management teams, with the aim of designing inclusion strategies for students who for different reasons require support needs to enter, stay and progress in the education system. The changes of the last decade create the urgency to respond to new educational needs from an "Inclusive Perspective". "Inclusive Perspective" considering academic, emotional, identity, language and socio-cultural factors from diversity, which are not delimited in the national public policy on educational inclusion, lack of awareness and sensitivity to diversity in the classroom, which has led to significant questioning in the way educators, institutions and society in general address these needs. Seeking positive evolution towards inclusion and celebration of diversity in the educational environment, with a more comprehensive approach that contributes to more tolerant, respectful and equitable societies.

The Moroccan tax administration is now examining the different dimensions of its disputes with taxpayers, with the aim of achieving participatory management. To this end, it is seeking to put in place a practice that provides new ways of addressing difficulties. It is a new approach that focuses on the most important elements of the dispute, it proposes an amicable settlement mode of cooperative style, aiming first to identify the mutual interests for a consensual solution. This non-jurisdictional dispute resolution practice is evolving very rapidly. It has given rise to an exciting debate within public law theory, both in terms of substance and form. Specialists have debated the various legal possibilities of integrating it into procedures and testing its compatibility with the tax system. In the end, the practice that was accepted by the DGI is that of negotiated settlement of the dispute, leading to a transaction.

This work shows the importance of quality control with organisational processes, focusing on the shop floor of the service-producing organisation. The importance of maintaining standardised and organised processes to keep costs low and measurable, providing valuable information for customising contracts with clients and statistical control of activities that make it possible to extract management information. Taking care of our internal customers' products/services so that they take care of our external customers (the company's customers). Showing the importance of each employee and their activity for the organisation. It was based on the studies of great thinkers that industry was able to reach the level of quality established today and that consequently raised the quality of the services provided by its suppliers. Concern about how to do things, not just what to do!

Pectin is extracted from orange peel, the extraction process being based on acid hydrolysis followed by precipitation in alcohol. The extracted pectin is classified as a weakly methylated pectin with an esterification degree of less than 50%. An integrated physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory approach was implemented to study the effect of incorporating pectin into the matrix of a steamed yoghurt, with a view to studying the stability of the product during the fermentation and post-acidification periods over a period of 21 days under positive refrigeration at 4°C. The incorporation of this pectin into the steamed yoghurt significantly improved its microbiological and organoleptic quality. The experimental products supplemented with 0.6% pectin had a better taste, a firmer gel and texture, even limiting whey exudation.

The purpose of this study is to understand the difficulties in enforcing the right to reparation provided for in the Civil Code against pedestrians who have caused traffic accidents, causing exclusively material damage. This work seeks to read the Brazilian traffic rules, addressing traffic offences and crimes, their characteristics and applicability when committed by pedestrians, as well as the perception of the normative silence in relation to the criminalisation of conduct practised by pedestrians, compared to similar conduct practised by vehicle drivers. The fact that the criminalisation is aimed exclusively at vehicle drivers is a normative inequality that constitutes an excess of protection for pedestrians, reverberating as an obstacle to the exercise of civil liability and consequently impacting on the offended party's balance of assets in cases that, although commonplace, were not provided for and listed by the legislator in the normative text.

"The mosaic of elements organised by the author rescues one of the most important juridical-political dimensions of our past and, in this way, helps to shed light on the meaning of the present. It is an original work, which explores with acuity an at first sight limited aspect of our social existence, apparently circumscribed in an easily definable sector; in reality, however, the book focuses on a piece situated at the centre of the political and governmental machine of our societies, whose status and function has until now been underestimated by both legal theorists and political philosophers. This book rescues us from this neglect; it fills an important gap both in the field of law and the other applied social sciences, as well as in the philosophy of our time." Oswaldo Giacoia Junior (Department of Philosophy, IFCH - Unicamp).

Until some time ago (and in some places you will still find this definition), waste was defined as something that had no use or commercial value. However, this concept has changed. Nowadays, most of these materials can be used for some other purpose, either directly, such as the scraps of laminated packaging discarded by industries and used to make boards and plywood, or indirectly, for example, as fuel for generating energy that is used in various processes. For industrial processes, waste is defined as "raw materials and inputs that are not converted into products", so its generation means a loss of profit for the industry and, for this reason, technologies and processes aimed at reducing these losses or reusing waste are increasingly being targeted. The waste generated on a university campus can and should also be converted into raw materials for new products, reducing the need for production and the extraction of natural resources, as presented in this study.

The forecast of cattle brucellosis infection in Saratov and Orenburg regions of the Russian Federation and Aktobe and West Kazakhstan regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan up to 2030 has been carried out. An inactivated Brucella abortus vaccine from strain 82 with adjuvant biogenic hydroxyapatite protecting guinea pigs from brucellosis by 60% has been developed .After vaccination in cattleantibodies in agglutination reaction are produced with a titer of 1:100, complement binding reactions 1/5, 1/10 are retained for 3 months. Itis recommended to use the vaccine every 3 months after the first vaccination to maintain antibody titer at a high level until complete elimination of brucellosis. Adjuvant bio-GA in composition with inactivated brucellosis vaccine from Brucella abortus strain 82 does not have pronounced reactogenic properties, but is characterized by sufficient immunogenicity, which allows its use for the prevention of brucellosis in cattle .

This book discusses myoarticular injuries in runners and makes a comparative analysis between land running and deep pool running. The high incidence of myoarticular injuries in runners is well documented in the literature, and an attractive training method developed not only to complement land running, but even to replace it, is deep pool running. As well as improving aerobic capacity, it does not pose a risk of orthopaedic trauma due to the lower incidence of myoarticular stress and helps during the recovery process from lower limb injuries. It was found that the two types of training improved the subjects' cardiorespiratory fitness, and that running on land can cause a greater increase in the concentration of creatine kinase than running in a deep pool, suggesting that the liquid environment may be the most suitable for protecting the musculoskeletal system. This book is aimed at health professionals, specifically physiotherapists and physical educators.

This study sought to verify the level of disclosure practised by Brazilian public banks in relation to the recommendations of Pillar 3 of the Basel 2 Accord. The content analysis technique was used, examining the financial information available on BACEN's website for the fourth quarters of 2008 and 2009. The main reports analysed were the explanatory notes and the management report. Pillar 3 disclosure requirements are presented in fourteen tables in the Accord, but this study used the nine tables with disclosure requirements related to the application of standardised approaches. The results indicated that disclosure levels were 25 per cent in 2008 and 29 per cent in 2009. To summarise, the disclosure of public banks still shows an incipient level of transparency and the disclosure of information is usually restricted to the information required by legislation.

Solar energy is one of the components of the State's commitment to sustainable development. It is part of its strategy to diversify its means of production and strengthen its efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of the economic feasibility study into the use of solar energy to generate electricity is to guide decision-makers towards the development of profitable wind energy projects using appropriate models. Among the wind turbine models selected technically and using the RETScreen software, we were able to identify those whose implementation is economically favourable. The Sharp NUS 5E3E3 185W single-cell models are economically unacceptable.

In recent decades there has been a clear change in the epidemiology and pattern of carious lesion progression. There is still a high prevalence of caries in posterior teeth. Occult caries differs from this pattern in that it affects the dentin and leaves the enamel practically intact. Its causes are still unknown, but it may be linked to excess fluoride, some deficiencies in the structure and anatomy of the enamel and eating habits. In order to reduce time, improve practicality and aesthetics, there are techniques such as the occlusal matrix that make it possible to restore all the anatomical characteristics in a simplified way, given that the sculpting phase is still a major challenge for dental surgeons. The tooth must have its anatomical characteristics intact and be able to be moulded for later reproduction. Therefore, this study reports a clinical case in which the elements presented hidden caries lesions and were restored using the occlusal matrix technique associated with composite resin in an incremental manner and with bulk fill resin (single increment), which further reduces clinical time.

This paper seeks to analyse the right to definitive title to the lands of Remaining Quilombo Communities through the case study of the Pedro Cubas de Cima Quilombo, in Eldorado Paulista-SP. It seeks to demonstrate the legal protection of the lands traditionally occupied by the remaining Quilombo communities and to show the stages of the administrative process for identifying, recognising, delimiting, demarcating and titling these lands. By demonstrating the legal protection of the lands traditionally occupied by the remaining Quilombo communities and the administrative process in search of definitive ownership, the aim is to highlight the obstacles to the realisation of this right. This study was made possible by analysing the legal norms that protect the lands traditionally occupied by the remaining Quilombo communities, national doctrine, anthropological reports, the administrative process opened by the Pedro Cubas de Cima community and the Brazilian political scenario in recent years.

The media have a role to play in maintaining the balance of society and being socially responsible, realising the interests of the community in which they operate. As such, journalists must have a thorough knowledge of the story they want to publicise, based on research that will allow them to predict the phenomena. In a brief history of the advent of the media in the human race, although there are different interpretations of the world, we can say that the media were more aimed at improving man's own life: in his work, interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships, among others. However, due to the dynamics of human history and the social changes that have naturally occurred in all aspects, its initial background has also been distorted. Throughout human history, individuals, both as a group and as individuals, have identified themselves in different ways; they have diverged in their interests for their own coexistence. The author

The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that despite the fact that the field of lean production technologies is now gaining momentum in its introduction in various spheres of life, nevertheless, it is still new and insufficiently studied, especially in the non-production area - the education sector. The purpose of this work is to analyze and describe lean production tools in general, as well as to study and analyze the results obtained on the example of a specific educational organization. The novelty and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the work proposes an algorithm for using Six Learn Sigma in an educational organization; the prospects for using "Value Stream Mapping" and "DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control)" in an educational organization are demonstrated.

The increase in hydroelectric power stations in the Amazon has caused concern among environmentalists, anthropologists, social scientists and, above all, traditional peoples, who are the main targets of the reservoirs. The consequences for ecosystems, modes of production and the lives of the vazanteiros of the Povoado Cajueiro in Palmeirante/TO have marked the region of the Middle Tocantins River since the beginning of the century. The Lajeado/TO hydroelectric power station and speculation about the construction of the Estreito -TO/MA hydroelectric power station threatened the continuity of fishing and farming on the river. Considering intergenerational and gender differences, in this book I show how the vazanteiros (men and women, boys and girls) think about and perceive the transformations caused by the dams in the world of traditional fishing, customs and the local community itself. Using the ethnographic method and Participatory Rural Diagnosis (PRD) techniques, we detected similarities and differences between the groups. There was unanimous local concern about the damage to the environment and their daily lives, which makes it clear that dams are irrelevant to traditional peoples.

Ethanol is a substance that has been used since ancient times and causes alterations in different tissues, including the Central Nervous System (CNS). Its abuse and continued use leads to the development of different pathologies, as it is a highly degenerative drug. Preliminary studies have shown that aminophylline, a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, interferes with the ethanol action pathway in different areas of central signalling. Based on these results, this study highlighted aminophylline as a drug of interest, contributing to biotechnological advances in the health area, in the treatment of pathologies involving drugs of abuse, such as ethanol. The main objective of this study was to verify the effect of aminophylline on the biochemical alterations produced by ethanol in the CNS, specifically: prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HC) and striatum (SC). Aminophylline is a good agent against reactive nitrogen species, but does not have the same effect on reactive oxygen species, in addition to reversing the depressant effects of this substance on inhibitory amino acid dosages.

Thinking about language pedagogy in contemporary times implies addressing, among many aspects, one of immense relevance: the cultural issue. Based on research into language-culture, interculturality, English language teacher training and the use of authentic audiovisual teaching materials, the author discusses these themes in order to understand how they influence English language teacher training in a post-modern, globalized and multicultural scenario. To this end, he explores cultural representations in the TV series Modern Family from an intercultural perspective, with the aim of encouraging discussion and critical reflection on the issue of cultural differences in interpersonal relationships, local culture and the culture of others. This work raises questions such as: How to behave in the face of a different cultural matrix? How to avoid ethnocentric and prejudiced attitudes? And how to develop intercultural communicative competence? It is on these dilemmas that this work focuses, defending a vision of interpersonal relations based on the cultural dialogic relationship.

This project presents the development of a collection of prints based on the results of a survey that revealed the preference for localised prints on T-shirts among consumers of fast-fashion shops in João Pessoa, as well as their consumption behaviour of printed T-shirts. The conclusion of this project shows that the initial objectives were achieved. This project demonstrates the relevance of Graphic Design in the fashion market as it consists of a collection of prints made using aesthetic parameters from Graphic Design applied to the development of localised prints whose concept is based on market research focused on consumer preferences.

Information on the effects and factors of TOC compartments in faxinais is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the stock of litter in different uses in a faxinal system and its effects on soil carbon concentration. The research was carried out in the Faxinal- Paraná Anta Gorda, located in the municipality of Prudentópolis, in the south-central region of the state of Paraná.

Throughout our lives, no matter what we do, we certainly wouldn't be able to do it without the effective participation of a significant number of people. The act of remembering these people at this time is a way of expressing my gratitude and thanking them for all the help they have given me in producing this research and completing this dissertation. So in this simple but sincere gesture, I would like to say thank you: I would like to thank God for the opportunities I have been given in life, especially for having protected me during the more than 24,000 kilometers I have traveled during this master's degree, for having met people who have only made me greater as a human being, but I would also like to thank him for having given me difficult moments, situations that have been fundamental as an example of learning and a reason to test my faith. To my parents, especially my mother Francisca Ilma, because I don't know what I would be without her upbringing and because she is a beautiful living example of a human being, of character and honesty. She always made me believe that I could be the best. I love you unconditionally, my mother.

In order to understand the carbon balance in the Atlantic Forest biome, it is essential to characterize carbon dioxide emissions from the soil, as well as their correlation with environmental variables and the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the soil. In this work, the authors aim to characterize the emission rates of this gas in the soil within the Atlantic Forest, in the area of the Edmundo Navarro de Andrade State Forest (municipality of Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil), also seeking to correlate these emissions with atmospheric and physical-chemical soil parameters (pressure, air and soil temperature, air and soil humidity, soil thermal conductivity and C/N ratio). For the measurements, they use an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA), model Li-840 of the Li-Cor brand, coupled to a dynamic chamber, by means of a circulation pump developed at the Physics Department of UNESP Rio Claro, demonstrating that economical and homemade alternatives can be used to measure carbon dioxide emissions. This book is aimed at students of Agricultural and Exact Sciences, as well as physicists and chemists with an interest in carbon balance research in forest biomes.

Music, as a form of language, is a human characteristic that is present in the lives of human beings and therefore influences the cognitive, social, emotional and affective development of many who interact with it. When children come into contact with the world of sound, they recognise different sounds and are able to reproduce and reinvent them. This is possible because human beings are capable of imagining, creating and giving new meanings to their experiences. According to Vygotsky's socio-historical perspective, assumed in this work, every human activity that generates something new is a creative act and creative imagination is a process that culturally transforms reality. Based on these assumptions, objectives were set that outlined the theoretical-methodological structure of this research. The general aim was to understand the creative process of children in early childhood education who are new to musicalisation activities, involving the recognition, identification and representation of sound elements from various sound productions. It is hoped that this work will broaden discussions in the area and promote new meanings in the practice of musicalisation for children.

The educator or group coordinator is like a conductor conducting an orchestra. From the coordination of each different instrument, he or she conducts everyone's music. The conductor knows the content of the scores for each instrument and what each one can offer. The harmony between each instrument and the other, the harmony between each instrument and the conductor, the conductor's feeling for each instrument and for everyone is what makes it possible to perform the pedagogical piece. This is the art of governing differences, socializing individual knowledge in the construction of generalizable knowledge and for the construction of the democratic process. Freire, in: Aguiar, 1999, p. 115.

This article aims to show the reader new technologies in cancer treatment, which are gradually becoming a reality. Magnetic hyperthermia consists of applying magnetic fields to tumours in an attempt to provoke apoptotic cell renewal, a less painful and more natural way of treating cancer. To focus the electromagnetic fields on a tumour and promote heating from the inside out, the author analyses different types of biocompatible implants to be inserted into the tumour site to serve as targets. From sutures currently used in surgical procedures to metallic nanoparticles, the author analyses the possibility of using different biocompatible materials in this technique. In addition, the author also suggests the electromagnetic instrumentation required for heating, commenting on the possibility of using aerospace technology to promote greater efficiency in the process. This work served as the Final Work for the Degree in Electrical Engineering, earning the author the title of Electrical Engineer.

This book describes the environmental and health risks related to exposure to gasoline, genome susceptibility, possible forms of genetic monitoring, and protective attitudes that should be taken. A substantial fieldwork report, which was carried out at 11 gas stations in Rio de Janeiro, has been included in this book. The risks of gas stations in various countries are discussed with illustrations. The authors of this book sincerely hope to contribute to the prevention of health problems among gas station workers.

Based on a career system, the Malagasy Civil Service recruits its staff in a variety of ways, and ranks them according to a well-established hierarchy based on their years of study and qualifications. While GPEEC and PNFOP are a springboard for reform, the civil service suffers from the failure of previous reforms, the mismatch between positions in the civil service and the skills of civil servants, and the lack of job specialization. In addition, it has to contend with the emergence of the merit system in employee promotion, the integration of new technologies into public services, and the gradual abandonment of the career system. In view of the LMD system of university training and learner achievements, the Malagasy Civil Service must adopt public management tools to motivate them to take up public jobs. Thus, the redefinition of conditions of access to the Civil Service and the rearrangement of civil servant categories aim to improve the salary treatment of civil servants, accompanied by a reform of the State's human resources management system.

This study focuses on the construction of the Pedagogical Political Project (PPP) in Early Childhood Education. Its main objective is to analyze how this construction has been carried out, permeated by the historical aspects surrounding the concept of childhood and the emergence of the Pedagogical Political Project in the context of Brazilian Early Childhood Education. It is based on bibliographical references such as: Áries (1981), Freitas (2001), Kramer (1995) Faria and Salles (2007), Pinto (2011), Libâneo, Oliveira and Toschi (2012), Vasconcellos (2006), among others, and on the collection of information in the field at Municipal Early Childhood Education Centers in the city of Curitiba. It results from the need to produce references to guide the construction of the Pedagogical Political Project in Early Childhood Education, given the difficulties in finding materials specifically aimed at this stage of education and the researcher's curiosity about how the PPP is constructed in Early Childhood Education. And it shows that the construction of the Pedagogical Political Project still needs to be improved in order to respect the principles of Democratic Management, which must be based on the collaboration of the agents of the school community.