Bøger udgivet af Pantianos Classics

P. T. Forsyth explains the importance of the Atonement; by perishing in agony upon the crucifix, Christ atoned for the sins of humanity.The Gospels of the New Testament tell of how Jesus lived His life, the teachings He delivered and how He came to be sentenced to death. Yet the essence and depth of the message carried within the death of the Lord Jesus is not necessarily understood by all believers who read their Bible. Thus the author wrote this book, that the vital lessons of Jesus Christ and the atonement He undertook upon the crucifix are understood. The moral and ethical implications of the death of Christ are great; it is these which P. T. Forsyth explains with superb clarity.As one of Scotland's appreciated theologians, P. T. Forsyth's knowledge and study of the Bible and the history of Christianity is renowned. He sought to explain and clarify the most important lessons and beliefs of the Biblical for the modern believer. Passionate and lively in his explanations, Forsyth's works remain read and in print more than a century on, with Christians eager for a deeper connection with their faith turning to the works of this learned scholar.

Writing from the perspective of Satan, this book demonstrates the dark nature and cunning techniques of the Devil through the advice and sermons he gives to Earthly mortals.The Devil's seductive and tempting qualities are displayed ingloriously. Satan advises ordinary humans to live lives of sin and reckless indulgence, with callous disregard for oneself and others. To make his counsel more alluring and convincing, the Devil employs a variety of rhetorical techniques, noting the short term gratification and pleasure a person can enjoy by behaving in an injurious way. Examples include imbibing alcohol, tobacco, a rejection of Christian virtues, declining God's call, and promotion of atheism.The author himself was a committed Reverend who, by writing this book, strived to act as a literal 'Devil's Advocate'. Writing at the turn of the 20th century, the sermons Harris conceived also represent Christian outlooks emblematic of the time, with movements such as temperance represented in the chapters, and styles of dress shown in the illustrations. In all, we witness how a talented preacher's knack for words and speaking were adeptly purposed into a unique guide for believers eager to avoid the pitfalls of bad conduct.

Sydney G. Fisher describes the arrival and settlement of the Quaker denomination in colonial North America during the 17th and 18th centuries.The initial chapter of Fisher's work is enmeshed with the establishment of the Quaker movement within the United Kingdom. Formed in opposition to the Puritan ideas, Quakerism formed in the wake of the chaos of the English Civil War. At the same time, colonists were encouraged to travel to North America, that Britain's holdings be expanded in size and the new continent's great wealth be enjoyed by the settlers and the wider Empire.Second only to the Puritans in terms of number, many Quakers departed England after suffering persecution - eager for a fresh start, it was thus that thousands acted to bolster the settlements of Philadelphia, New Jersey as well as smaller towns on the Delaware river. They became successful traders and planters, and the presence of the Society of Friends in the modern cities is clear to behold to this day. The cover photograph of this edition is of a Quaker almshouse in Philadelphia, built in 1713.A clearly written and easily digested history, Fisher wrote to entertain and inform ordinary Americans seeking to know about their nation's colonial history.

The classic of Christian ministerial thought by Charles Bridges is presented to the reader anew in this superb edition, complete with the author's annotations.For the author, the curious point that the ministry failed in many of its core duties was sufficient genesis for a book. Why did this failure occur? Had modern priests and ministers lost their way from the tradition and essence of Christian belief? Were corruptions of the heart frequent and getting commoner? These questions are answered with unflinching sincerity: humans, including the ordained, have shortfalls which can only be assuaged by opening one's heart completely to God.The later parts of the text focus upon the essential duties of the churchman: preaching with the aim of uniting the congregation and community in an unstinting belief in the Lord is not a simple matter. Rather we discover it to be a diverse practice; the preacher must not only incorporate aspects of the doctrinal and scriptural truths, but be sensitive to the emotions of his churchgoers. The virtues of faith, be it a celebration of diligence or steadfastness against adversity, should be balanced against the human needs for well-being and spiritual contentment.A further element of ministerial duty is the pastoral work in the local community. This can be appealing to the unbelievers or infidels in the locality, visiting the sick or dying and offering comfort to their family, and being a source of spiritual counsel. A ready guard against backsliding, wherein members of a community gradually renounce their beliefs in God, equates to a need of vigilance in the minister.A lifelong man of God, Bridges was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge. Graduating with honors, he entered the ministry and spent decades as a vicar in Old Newton, Suffolk and - in later life - Weymouth in Dorset. Together with his pastoral duties, he delved into the Bible and other ancient texts, becoming a theologian of great repute. Popular in his lifetime for his commentaries of scripture, the famed 19th century preacher C. H. Spurgeon declared one of Bridges' works to be "worth its weight in gold".

This superb, illustrated history reveals Rome's conquest and rule over Israel and Judea, and how the Roman occupation deeply influenced the culture, law and religious establishment of the Jews.

Duncan's Masonic Ritual is a superb guide to the historic rituals and practices of the Freemason societies, for the initiation of new members and the ceremonies of the Masonic lodges.First published in 1866, this book arranges the Freemason customs according to the rank of the member they involve. Beginning with the initiate ranking, known as the 'Entered Apprentice', we are told the dialogue which must take place between the newcomer and the existing members. The arrangement of people in the Masonic building, and the various gestures and signals each must give to one another, are shown in detailed diagrams. The tiers of Master each involve new symbolic gestures and rituals, intended to signify the member's depth of understanding and loyalty to the society.The formal operations of a Masonic society require a variety of meetings and orders of business to take place sequentially. These arrangements are accompanied by a range of handshakes, gestures between members, and even a series of tools that must be held by a certain Mason, or handed from one ranking member to another.Since this book is concerned entirely with the ceremonial traditions of Freemasonry, the social and informal aspects of membership, whereby members hold discussions or organize participation in local events, are scarcely mentioned. The notes included in the appendix and at the end of each part discuss the origins, regional variations in the traditions, and related miscellany.

Eugen Von Böhm-Bawerk, economist of the Austrian school, wrote this incisive critique of Marxist economics amid rising public support for socialism, communism and state-controlled markets in Europe.Published in 1896, this work criticizes Marxist theory from two angles: firstly, that the notion of value which Marx puts forward contradict his own ideas. The author asserts that the link between the price of producing goods and the value produced by labor are not consistently dealt with in Marx's works. This inconsistency in assigning value to economic production leads onto the second critique:Supply and demand is a theory whereby an equilibrium between goods supplied to a market and goods demanded by consumers in said market is established, with changes in the quantity or price of a good being in reaction to demand. Böhm-Bawerk discusses how Marx underestimates this law, and how his lack of appreciation for an economy which flexibly meets the shifting demands of consumers undermines his notions of price and value. From the perspective of a free market capitalist, Marxist theory is inadequate and insufficient as a system of economics.

Max Weber's celebrated thesis, which explores the relationship between Protestant work ethic and the emergence of capitalist enterprise, is presented here inclusive of his lengthy notes.In coining the phrase 'Protestant work ethic', Weber demonstrates a series of parallels between certain Protestant denominations and the modern business. The veneration of hard work, discipline, and carefulness with money birthed a culture that led over generations to the establishment of capitalism; with enough workers sharing in these beliefs, entrepreneurs were able to create large businesses that could consistently deliver a profit.Using examples such as Martin Luther and Calvinist doctrines, Weber demonstrates how ideas of the virtues of diligence were placed parallel with God and morality. By working hard, every man was contributing to a better world and society, in the name of the Lord. However, Weber asserts that over time the religious connotations behind capitalist enterprise largely disappeared; the famous writings of Benjamin Franklin are cited as example, whereby notions of diligence were expressed eloquently but no longer cited God and holy virtue.Though controversial, Weber's work remains much-consulted by sociologists. The notion that Protestantism contributed to or accelerated the development of capitalism is popular in the modern day.

This riveting historical fiction depicts a soldier in Alexander the Great's army, and was written using the authentic Macedonian letters discussing Alexander's conquests across Asia.We join the young Charidemus as he competes in a race around Olympia. Athletic and determined by nature, we find the young man ostracized by the Greek establishment owing to his origins in Macedonia - a territory which, in centuries past, was considered an uncivilized and barbaric province north of the Hellenic League.Such stigma, though troublesome, does not dent the courage of our hero, who grows ever-stronger and is recruited into the army of a young general named Alexander. After completing an initial tour, Charidemus is chosen as one of the 40,000 men to embark with Alexander on his epic conquest of Asia's uncharted lands.With vivid battle scenes, exotic descriptions of far-flung ancient cities and landscapes, flowing dialogue between the warriors, and an attentiveness to historic accuracy, A Young Macedonian is an underrated classic of ancient historical fiction.Alfred John Church was a renowned scholar of classics who studied and taught in universities in London and wider England. An able translator of Greek and Latin, he produced several new editions of ancient works, particularly letters and biographic material.

Biblical scholar and author J. B. Jackson offers here an A to Z list of names found in the Old and New Testament Bible scriptures, together with their meanings.Inclusive of the etymology of the Bible's names, this superb book tells us straightforwardly what the various Hebrew names mean. Learning what these monikers mean sheds light on the truth and purpose of the Biblical books and stories. The alphabetical arrangement of this book makes it easy to look up a given name; each is rendered in bold, with the meaning following in plain text.The beginning of the book features a brief explanation of Hebrew grammar and how the language's structures can be understood in English. The reader is given a useful primer on Hebrew linguistics, and the pronunciation of its words. Emphasis is placed on how all Bible scholars have to master their interpretation of not simply names, but the essence and spirit of the canon. Knowing what the names of Bible figures mean is an initial step toward knowing and - in the case of translation - preserving the literal meaning and gracefulness of scripture.An author of several books concerning Biblical lore, J. B. Jackson was popular during the early 20th century. While most of his writings are today out of print, this guide remains popular for its accuracy and accessibility.

The Majesty of Calmness is one of William George Jordan's best-regarded self-help books; it discusses success as often being the result of past failures, and how haste in life and work is a scourge to be avoided.Working as a literary editor in New York City in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Jordan had ample experience of the bustling, non-stop urban lifestyle. Having a firm mental constitution to deal with the daily stresses and challenges of the concrete jungle is something which Jordan realized was all too essential; many who fall short do so not because of a lack of talent or luck, but overlooking the mental and psychological elements of weathering and succeeding in the world.With this in mind, Jordan sets out a series of topics and useful advice, with the final aim being attainment of happiness and a sense of accomplishment. The majesty of calmness - a serene mood that lets us consider the problems and possibilities before us - is contrasted to hurry, the hasty state that causes us to miss important details and subtleties. Since it first appeared in 1900, this book has been popular and much-consulted, its legacy being to successfully start many readers on the path to mental fortitude and a great mindset.

Joseph Pomeroy Widney offers a history of the Aryan race, which when this book was published in 1907 was thought a branch of the Indo-European and Caucasian peoples.

In this marvelous collection of essays, Helen Keller discusses the importance of education and the many challenges she and other blind and deaf people faced in the world.Famous for leading a successful and distinguished life in spite of suffering from profound sensory disablement, Helen Keller's spirit and wisdom is in the fullest presentation in these essays. She writes with deep insight into the prejudices and difficulties which blind and deaf people face in leading their lives. An absence of support and resources meant many went without even basic tutoring; a situation which Keller dedicated a lifetime of activism to amend.Other interesting entries include a discussion of celebrating Christmas, a 1906 letter to the famous author Mark Twain, and Keller's appraisals of the works of past literary figures. It is clear that she took great inspiration from the writings of authors and their philosophies. Indeed the adversity which she combated, and the positive response her activism produced, is partly due to Keller's appetite for learning and her talent for eloquent expression. Overall, these essays shine for their insight into a great soul who mounted several successful campaigns for the disabled, for women, and for the marginalized of society.

Writing during World War II, bishop Fulton J. Sheen philosophically discusses the position of faith and Christianity in a world enveloped by violent conflict.The author is determined to voice how the totalitarian governments of the time, such as that of fascist Germany, are by nature opposed to religious faith. He also deems such extreme political creeds as 'anti-human', being as they seek to subdue faith and humanity's relationship with God in favor of utmost devotion to fascist-nationalist ideas. Thus the war is not simply a pursuit of defeating a hostile enemy and ideology, but a mission to lead the world back to peace, Godly morality, and American concepts of democracy and justice.Looking ahead to when peace is restored, Sheen calls for a deep reevaluation of the political and economic systems which prefaced the outbreak of totalitarian ideology and ultimately war. Quoting Pope Pius XII in support of his arguments, the author deems the ceaseless pursuit of material possession corrosive. The mechanical attainments of evermore efficient and abundant production are not accompanied by a moral betterment. Man's overarching command of the Earth and its resources, plus the emergence of mass media, increases the potential for the unscrupulous to do great harm.

Walter Lippmann's poignant analysis of the news media, its relationship to democracy, and the exercise of personal liberty and free thought, remains a classic of its field.Although brief and more than a century old, Lippmann's examination of the media and its influence upon democratic government in the United States remains valuable. This title consists of three essays, all of which revolve around the relationship between the news media, the public, and the government. In the assessment of Lippmann, the media became a mouthpiece of the government during World War I; an entity which seeks not to simply report events, but to instruct and influence public opinion in a manner beneficial to the nation's government.Such circumstances are directly against the idea of a free press, and this usurpation is what Lippmann condemns in these essays. How and to what extent the media is in thrall to the state, and how this connection affects the quality and veracity of its news reports, remain poignant questions in the modern day. Thus the pointed criticisms and constructive suggestions expressed in this book retain relevance and importance, to students and individuals interested in how the news is created, and how its realities conflict with its ideals.

Hobohemia profiles various impoverished and marginalized groups living in Chicago throughout the 1920s and 1930s; together, these accounts form a social history of the urban USA.Frank Orman Beck is neither overly sympathetic nor critical in his accounts; he efforts to make his evaluations matter-of-factly. That mass poverty, unemployment and social decay were common sights in industrialized Chicago is seldom lamented; it is simply the backdrop canvas upon which situations of plight are painted. Various ideologies claim popularity amid the disenfranchised, blossoming sporadically, be it communism, anarchism, humanism or otherwise.Several chapters of this book constitute brief but incisive appraisals and biographies of the political activists and leaders who emerged from among Chicago's multitude of downtrodden people. Beck examines the various actions, successes, failures, strengths and flaws of these notables, keeping his analysis measured and thoroughly human. Though the author disapproves of the unhealthy degradation of the city's underworld, it is clear that he finds its dire qualities fascinating and worthy of recording for interested readers.

Colonel Hunter's account of Old West life takes us through the California Gold Rush and a variety of rip-roaring incidents across the United States' western frontier.Full of beans and bristling with wit, Hunter introduces himself as an eager young apprentice. He accompanied his father, who aspired to strike it rich in the Gold Rush. Although riches eluded the pair, adventure did not: Hunter describes everyday life sifting for nuggets and dust in the rivers, and the towns which sprang up around such endeavors. Snippets of conversation, popular verses, and a variety of dramatic happenings enliven the tales, bringing color and life to scenes which unfolded long ago.Later on, we witness how Hunter became an accomplished enforcer and scout who assisted pioneering settlers hoping to establish themselves in the Pacific Northwest. At the time, hostile outlaws and Native American tribes still roamed these northerly lands, and several dangerous combats are related herein. Yet the harsh wilderness and inclement weather posed their own challenges; often, Hunter and his crew were encamped far from civilization, and had to be resourceful to succeed.In addition to the text, this book contains sixteen hand-drawn illustrations.

The Recollections of Rifleman Harris constitute one of the few sources which depict the Napoleonic Wars from the viewpoint of an infantry soldier.Benjamin Harris was born in Portsmouth, England around 1781. He saw his first military action at the Battle of Copenhagen in 1807. Victorious, he and his regiment sailed back to English soil upon captured Danish vessels, and spent time recuperating. The following year, Harris and his comrades in arms were sent to Portugal - there they met stiff resistance in a series of battles, taking losses at Roliça and Vimiero. Their expedition was finally trapped in northern Spain with the remaining army of John Moore, their state dire, depleted yet determined.Harris eventually managed to depart from Vigo in Galicia, his constitution severely impacted by harsh conditions. Nevertheless, in summer of 1809 he was again ready for a new expedition: the Walcheren Campaign on the Dutch coast. Conceived as a means of opening a new front in the ongoing War of the Fifth Coalition, this mission proved ill-fated: though the troops swiftly seized the Walcheren marshlands, feverish sickness rapidly spread through the ranks, killing thousands.Transcribed from Harris' dictation in the 1830s and published in 1848, this work remains a classic wartime memoir.

The short stories of Ernest Thompson Seton are renowned for voicing great passion for the lives of animals and nature through rich, expressive and entertaining narration.Lauded as an appreciator of the great outdoors, Seton deftly brings the natural world to life, his descriptions of creatures roaming the forests, plains and hills accurate and evocative. Each tale describes the animal characters and their place of habitat, plus their encounters with other residents nearby. Not only will readers enjoy the stories of the young rabbit Raggylug and Lobo the notorious wolf, they will also learn how critters make their homes, gather food, communicate and live day by day.Ernest Seton was famous for founding the Boy Scouts of America, an organization which sought to promote interest and respect for natural environments. Since his death in 1946, Seton's written works have retained a treasured place in popular culture, in part thanks to their wide publication across the world, and to several modern adaptations of the stories. Particular interest emerged from Japan, where multiple animated cartoon series were produced from the 1970s onward.

This illustrated biography of Ulysses S. Grant is designed for younger readers curious to learn about one of the United States' finest generals, who went on to be elected President of the nation.Written in a hyphenated style which emphasizes the individual syllables of words, this memoir aims to summarize the origins, rise and military achievements of U.S. Grant. We are told of how Grant behaved as a youngster born in a modest household, how his talents for soldierly duties developed, and how his victories in the U.S. Civil War made him celebrated as one of the country's greatest heroes. His famous meeting with Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Appomattox Courthouse, where Lee surrendered his army, is also related.More than 80 vivid sketches accompany this text, and together these help the reader picture the times in which Grant lived. They illustrate his finest moments of heroism, together with the battlegrounds and places in which he honed and proved his talents. Readers will witness how army life and the technology of the time were very different from today. Yet the noblest of human virtues - many expressed by Ulysses S. Grant - remain constant through history.

The local history of Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania is full of interesting stories about the intrepid souls who settled there, building the first towns and industries of the region.This is a well-researched and superbly composed chronicle which traverses various aspects of Schuylkill life. It begins with a profile of the German settlers who were the majority group who established themselves in areas of Penn State during the mid-1700s. We continue onto accounts of the initial settlements; essential matters include agriculture and an effective defense from aggressive Native American tribes. To better place the reader character profiles are given, describing certain people and the environs that surrounded them.As the decades went by, hamlets and villages grew into towns such as Pottsville. New industries were born and developed rapidly as the population burgeoned. The discovery of coal plus the advent of steam engines and the railroad led the economy of Schuylkill to prosperity. Churches were built to keep the locals mindful of the Lord, and schools were set up to educate the new generations. Amid all this activity, many intriguing stories and events ensued - together, these bring alive a distant era of grit, determination and hardiness.

The recollections of the great American composer and pianist Louis Gottschalk shine with majesty and insight into the life of a touring virtuoso in the nineteenth century.Well-travelled and appreciated by audiences across Europe and the Americas, Gottschalk was a pianist of supreme talent, imbuing his performances with emotional and sensual depth seldom heard in the concert halls. The musician writes flowingly and expressively of the varied cities and sights he encounters; his hectic schedule did not dim his appreciation for the aesthetics and beauty of the many locales he toured.By all accounts a sensitive and kindly soul, the great musician was adored for his flamboyant nature as well as his formidable performing talents. Tragically Gottschalk's life was cut short by illness; a collapse from fever during a tour in Rio took him from the world at the age of only forty.This book consists of both a short, introductory biography of the author, and a lengthier autobiography adapted from the diaries and writings Gottschalk kept on his many travels. Also appended are personal profiles written by popular enthusiasts and the press of the time, which include appraisals of his distinctive stage presence and political leanings.

Tenacious advocate for women's rights Abigail Scott Duniway offers her life story, describing the intense, decades-long struggle to attain voting rights for American women.Although the author recalls her own upbringing and ascendance to a position of leadership in the Women's Suffrage movement of the late 19th century, she is emphatically clear almost from the start that this nationwide goal was a team effort consisting of many talented people, male and female alike. Portraits and anecdotes of these figures, many of whom are now obscured by time, are present that readers may appreciate how rallying support behind votes for women was the combined work of many.Abigail describes having to doggedly persist against numerous stumbling blocks and personal difficulties; the notion of women voting was then a topic of great controversy, and she found herself shunned and sidelined for her campaigns. Although her state of residence, Oregon, had a generally progressive outlook and culture, it took many years of sustained protest and pressure to make votes for women a serious reform for consideration. Finally in 1912, Oregon approved an amendment for women's suffrage - Abigail Scott Duniway, by that time elderly, was present when Governor Oswald West signed the amendment into law.

This historical biography of John Alden, one of the pilgrims who founded Plymouth Colony, was commissioned by his descendant Augustus Alden.We commence with a summary of the period in which John was born; Elizabethan England and its politics are pertinent to how the subject's life ensued. Discontent with religious persecutions they saw as untenable, Alden and the other emigrants to North America planned their voyage to New England. They obtained a ship named the Mayflower for passage, and successfully founded the famous settlement at Plymouth despite shortages of food and adverse conditions. John's role aboard ship was that of cooper; maintaining the barrels which held supplies vital to the passengers' lives.John Alden's life in Plymouth Colony was defined by diligence and active service. He held roles such as treasurer, served on the Council of War amid conflicts with the local Native American tribes, and also oversaw aspects of trade. Stalwart and responsible in each of his assigned roles, Alden was reelected to the Governor's Council for a consecutive forty-seven years between 1640 and 1686. Living a long and successful life, Alden sired many children and perished aged around eighty-nine; at death, he was the last surviving signer of the original Mayflower Compact.

Münsterberg's essays on courtroom psychology are based on his observations in trials; dating to the early 20th century, this work is a pioneering example of forensic psychology.Working as a Harvard professor of psychology at the beginning of the 20th century, Hugo Munsterberg sought to shed light upon aspects of criminal trials. Münsterberg's enquiries span the unreliability of witness testimonies and fallible nature of human memory, plus phenomena such as false confessions and the complex psychology behind them. In support of his analyses, the author conducted experiments testing the recall of students, demonstrating how their memories and responses varied widely despite receiving the same information to answer and remember.The author is particularly focused upon the emergence of unreliable testimony due to coercion on the part of police interrogators. The intense pressure placed on suspects and other involved persons affects the veracity of testimony, with many prosecution cases dependent upon fabricated ideas, false memories, and self-confident juries which produce poor outcomes. Rather than simply criticize the flaws from a psychological point of view, Munsterberg appends various suggestions for reform directed at prosecutors and investigators, trial judges, lawyers, and treatment of the jury.

The correspondence of the Czech theologian John Hus shed light into the religious and political upheavals of his time, as Bohemian church reformers and traditionalists vied for influence.Hus sought to change the church's principles, opposing a number of Catholic opinions on topics such as the Eucharist and ecclesiology. A gifted and eloquent philosopher, his explanations roused the spirits of both nobles and the larger population alike. Those in favor of Hus's ideas were termed Hussites; this group believed in their reforms, which they considered to better reflect Christian values for the Bohemians. Yet the Catholic Church rejected the ideas, setting the stage for lengthy, protracted and violent conflict between Rome and the Bohemian authorities.The letters herein reveal Hus's thinking in detail. We learn how he arrived at his conclusions for theology, through his explanatory writing to church officials both locally in Bohemia and abroad. Hus encouraged his followers, asking them to preach under the influence of God's divine will, rather than that of the existing church hierarchy. Some letters address villages or towns who were either curious toward, supportive or opposed to the reforms Hus espoused. Notes appended to each letter clarify references, that the history and complexities of the time be understood.

This illustrated guidebook shows in superb detail how to construct a model toy yacht, and successfully sail it in shallow waters.With ample detail inclusive of materials guidance, measurements, and planning from conception to sailing, this guide excels as an introduction to building model boats. The yacht depicted is a small sailboat, with a classic elegance and simplicity that demonstrates the principal elements of nautical seaworthiness - a well-constructed and sealed hull, sails capable of carrying wind to propel the craft, and a precisely shaped and measured deck, beam and keel.At the beginning of this primer, the author explains that the finished craft described is the product of repeated experiments and refining of the yacht design and construction process. He only submitted this guide for publication once the finished yacht was deemed both sound and accessible to aspiring model makers. The step-by-step instructions are accompanied by over fifty sketches, many labeled with precise dimensions, to assist the reader in successfully building the yacht.

Horace Mann was an early proponent of universal public education in the United States; these writings summarize his views and ideals about making tutoring available to every child in the nation.Born to a farmer of modest circumstances, Mann knew what it was like to be disadvantaged by birth; he obtained merely six weeks of schooling a year for most of his childhood. Yet his curious mind also made use of the Franklin Public Library of Massachusetts, and this self-education propelled him to academic success and graduation from Brown University with superb grades. Convinced that others could benefit greatly from better tutoring early in life, Mann entered politics and became a pioneering advocate of publicly funded education for the betterment of all.This book contains the foremost examples of Mann's thinking; he eloquently expresses a rich variety of arguments in favor of a public education system. At times artful and poetic, at times rational and pragmatic, it is clear throughout that the author considered his life's passion for universal education intensely. He weds his beliefs in education to the achievements of trade and industry, to the strength and endurance of society, and to the very life of the country.

This early work attempts to describe and categorize mental illnesses; first published in 1812, it predates the establishment of psychology and psychiatry as formal fields of medicine.The author notes a variety of correlations in those who suffer from mental illness; their lifestyles and professions, and whether they are related to those with similar ailments. He concisely observes how manias - then a general term for madness - manifest. The symptoms of various kinds of illness, and their effects on memory, behavior, physical condition and personality, are listed. Most of the terminology and suggestions for treatment are outdated and obsolete, but carry historic value in showing how the earliest treatments were administered to those incapacitated by diseases of the mind.Benjamin Rush was a Founding Father who held the role of Surgeon General in the United States. He was a bold and pioneering researcher and practitioner of medicine, with his attempts to understand mental maladies applauded during and after his death. At a time when the mentally stricken were confined to asylums, often in degrading and inhumane conditions, Rush's researches and learning represented a significant evolution in the field. Considered a symbol of the medical Enlightenment, in the modern day Rush is termed the 'father of American psychiatry'.