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This debut work lays bare the early brilliance and philosophical conflicts of André Gide, a towering figure in French literature. André Gide, one of the masters of French literature, captures the essence of the philosophical Romantic in this profoundly personal first novel, completed when he was just twenty years old. Drawing heavily on his religious upbringing and private journals, The Notebooks of André Walter—with its “white” and “black” halves—tells the story of a young man pining for his forbidden love, cousin Emmanuelle. But his evocative memories and devoted yearnings, carefully crafted through quotations and diary excerpts, lead only to madness and death. Annotated with footnotes from translator and scholar Wade Baskin, this story within a story offers a unique portrait of the artist as a young man, as it reveals the key themes of self-analysis and moral conscience that Gide explores in his mature works.

In this early yet masterful work by the philosopher of Reverence for Life, metaphysics and religion are examined using Kant’s theology as a background. No one can put aside this small book without a feeling of respect for the profundity of the young Schweitzer. First English translation.

The first book of its kind, this volume seeks to enable intelligent persons to read practically anything in the field of hypnosis. It also provides them with a substantial amount of reliable information concerning the history of hypnosis and its various contemporary uses and applications in medicine, psychology and other sciences. Moreover, it is a reference work of enduring value.

A biographical and critical study. From a life so crammed with incident, Mr. Dobrée has chosen those facts which seem most to bear on the poet’s development in life through art.

Who was William Shakespeare? Many scholars have speculated over the mystery of ShakespeareΓÇÖs identity. Was he really just a manΓÇöa poet, playwright, and favorite of the Queen? Was he a collective of writers creating the lasting works of art under this pen name? Or was he someone else entirely? The discussion of ShakespeareΓÇÖs true identity remains a topic of debate to this day, and scholars have claimed again and again that the famous bard was simply a pen name. But for whom? Author David Rhys Williams weighs in with his controversial book Shakespeare Thy Name is Marlowe. Rhys Williams summarizes the evidence and arguments that have led many contemporary scholars of the Elizabethan period to the conclusion that the man known as William Shakespeare was none other than Christopher Marlowe. One of the highlights of Rhys WilliamsΓÇÖs study is his explanation of how the charge of heresy that was leveled against Marlowe in 1593 probably led to his appropriation of the pseudonym ΓÇ£William ShakespeareΓÇ¥ as a protective deviceΓÇöone which permitted him to escape death at the stake and to continue the writing of poems and plays. Williams consults multiple sources and Marlovian scholars on the subject, and comes to his shocking conclusion: that ShakespeareΓÇÖs friend and contemporary, the poet and dramatist Christopher Marlowe, may have written ShakespeareΓÇÖs tremendous and far more famous oeuvre. Discover the truth for yourself in this probing and thorough essay. David Rhys Williams, in addition to being a Marlovian scholar, was an American Congregational and Unitarian minister. He published widely on religion, theism, and nonviolence, including three books, World Religions and the Hope for Peace, Faith Beyond Humanism, and Shakespeare, Thy name is Marlowe.

How to Improve Your Mind is an engaging philosophical text by master Enlightenment thinker Baruch Spinoza. This edition includes exclusive commentary and biographical notes written by Philosophical LibraryΓÇÖs founding publisher, Dagobert D. Runes. Baruch Spinoza (1632ΓÇô1677) is heralded as one of the most influential and radical philosophers of the Enlightenment. An expert on the Talmud and Jewish scriptures, Spinoza is known for his moral philosophy and his views on theology and ethics. He devoted his life to the study of philosophy and Judaism and wrote several philosophical texts throughout his career, including his most extensive and famous tome, Ethics.

Philosopher Joseph C. Mihalich introduces readers to the famous philosophical movements in his short guide Existentialism and Thomism. Written with a general audience in mind, readers of MihalichΓÇÖs accessible prose will build the groundwork of their knowledge in these twentieth century political ideologies. Joseph C. Mihalich was an American philosopher and author who specialized in bringing philosophy to a wider audience. In addition to Existentialism and Thomism, he wrote Sports and Athletics: Philosophy in Action.

Russell, the sage non-conformist, is always meaningful, no matter what the topic or the issue. In this small book are presented some of his old but nonetheless remarkable observations, and some of his very new thoughts, as expressed on his 90th birthday. Here are titles, taken at random from the Table of Contents: Psychoanalysis Takes a Look; Envy and Belief; On Male Superiority; What Social Science Can Do; Intellectual Rubbish; DonΓÇÖt Be Too Certain; On Being Old.

An enthralling novelette by Boris Pasternak, the author of Dr. Zhivago, Adolescence of Zhenya Luvers explores how a thirteen-year-old girl ceases to be a child and becomes a woman in Russia just before the Communist Revolution. The story examines the world through the reminiscences of a young girl and explores such themes as nature and how we are able to shape the world around us by how we perceive it. The novelette gives readers a prime example of PasternakΓÇÖs signature style and use of poetics, imagery, and lyricism in prose. Adolescence of Zhenya Luvers is one of PasternakΓÇÖs first stories, and it originally appeared in a collection by the same name published in 1925. Author: Boris (Leonidovich) Pasternak was a Russian philosopher, poet, writer, and translator. He is famous worldwide for his novel Doctor Zhivago, which won him the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1958. Born in Moscow in 1890 to a painter father and concert-pianist mother, Pasternak first pursued a formal education in musical composition at the University of Moscow, studying under the composer Scriabin. After six years, he gave up music and, following a brief stint in Germany studying philosophy, he returned to Russia to devote his life to writing. With the release of two major works of poetryΓÇöMy Sister Life (1922) and Themes and Variations (1923), Pasternak found himself among the leading poets in Russia. He went on to publish works of fiction, including Adolescence of Zhenya Luvers (1924), several short story collections, and an acclaimed autobiography. As his writing grew more political in the ΓÇÖ30s and ΓÇÖ40s, Pasternak was unable to publish his own poetry, and instead turned to translating great literary works, including his mentor Rainer Marie Rilke, into Russian. In 1957, only three years before his death, he published Doctor Zhivago to instant international acclaim and a Nobel Prize nomination. In Russia, however, the bookΓÇÖs politics were not well received. It was banned and Pasternak was expelled from the Union of Soviet Writers. This tumultuous political spotlight forced him to decline the award. Since his death in 1960, however, PasternakΓÇÖs works have grown in popularity and he remains one of the most influential Russian writers of the twentieth century.

The selections contained in this volume were made by Richard Kik. The original edition Vom Licht in uns was published by Verlag J.F. Steinkopf, Stuhgart. It contains sayings of things highly spiritual nature as well as a description of the life of Richard Kik. One such selection is “The beginning of all spiritual life is fearless belief in truth and its open confession.” Albert Schweitzer (14 January 1875 – 4 September 1965) was a German-French theologian, musician, philosopher, and physician. He was born in Kaysersberg in the province of Elsass-Lothringen (Alsace-Lorraine), at the time in the German Empire. Schweitzer challenged both the secular view of Jesus as depicted by historical-critical methodology current at his time in certain academic circles, as well the traditional Christian view, depicting a Jesus Christ who expected and predicted the imminent end of the world. He received the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize in 1953 for his philosophy of "Reverence for Life" expressed in many ways, but most famously in founding and sustaining the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambaréné, now in Gabon, west central Africa (then French Equatorial Africa). As a music scholar and organist, he studied the music of German composer Johann Sebastian Bach and influenced the Organ reform movement (Orgelbewegung). Schweitzer''s passionate quest was to discover a universal ethical philosophy, anchored in a universal reality, and make it directly available to all of humanity. This is reflected in some of his sayings, such as:"Until he extends his circle of compassion to include all living things, man will not himself find peace." "I don''t know what your destiny will be, but one thing I do know: the only ones among you who will be really happy are those who have sought and found how to serve."

Otto Rank, an Austrian psychologist, was a protégé of Sigmund Freud, who saw in young Rank a gifted mind and drew him into his inner circle. The Psychology and Psychotherapy of Otto Rank is author Fay B. Karpf’s historical and comparative introduction to the theory and therapy of Otto Rank, his relation to Freud, Jung, and Adler and to significant developments in the fields of analysis, psychotherapy, counseling, education, and social work. Fay B. Karpf was one of the earliest Jewish American woman sociologists. Born in Austria in 1893, Karpf eventually immigrated to the United States, where she attended the University of Chicago. She immersed herself in the “Chicago School of Sociology,” and her first book, American Social Psychology: Its Origins, Development and European Background (1932), was a standard textbook in the field of social psychology. She studied with the psychoanalyst Otto Rank, and she later taught social work at the Training School for Jewish Social Work in New York. After the school unfortunately closed, Karpf moved with her husband to Los Angeles, where she became a practicing counselor and psychotherapist, and she continued contributing to the fields until her death in 1981.

Through the centuries the Gypsies all over the world have been misunderstood, maligned, rejected. Outcasts of the countries in which they lived, they have wandered for centuries over the face of the earth. They have no homeland, no political unity, no recognition among nations. They have been alone, sundered, shunned, persecuted and banished. Until about a century ago, their original home has been a matter of dispute. Their language has been a source of puzzlement. Yet their conduct and their traditions, their feeling for music, dance and song, have all been acclaimed. Still they were not accepted and were forced to remain apart from conventional society. Here is their epic history, with its folktales and beliefs, its rites and customs. Here is the vast treasury of the Story of the Gypsies. Harry E. Wedeck was a linguistic, scholar of the classics, and observer of spheres beyond the norm. A native of Sheffield, England, Mr. Wedeck was chairman of the department of classical languages at Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn from 1935 to 1950 and then taught the classics at Brooklyn College until 1968. Afterward he lectured on medieval studies at the New School for Social Research, until 1974. Some of his excursions into the unusual remain available in reprint editions. They include "Dictionary of Astrology," "A Dictionary of Aphrodisiacs," "A Treasury of Witchcraft" and "Triumph of Satan." They were originally written near the end of Mr. Wedeck''s career, when he was steeped in the classics as an educator in the New York City school and college system.

ΓÇ£Man has always been ill and always will be.ΓÇ¥ from ΓÇ£How Can the Germans Be Cured?ΓÇ¥ The Only Way: How to Change the German Mind details author Karl BarthΓÇÖs theories on German politics and history and confronts ΓÇ£the problem with Germany.ΓÇ¥ In successive articles and letters, Barth analyzes the rise of Nazism and HitlerΓÇÖs power to understand German guilt and connect history to present-day Germany. This edition was translated from the German by Marta K. Neufeld and Ronald Gregor Smith. Karl Barth was an influential Swiss philosopher, theologian, and author. He wrote The Epistle to the Romans, Church Dogmatics, The Humanity of God and countless essays, articles, and lectures.

The material contained in this dictionary is designed to provide a concise tool of penetration into KantΓÇÖs system of thought, a system that by virtue of its complexity and linguistic difficulties has long been almost the exclusive property of scholars. Professor Stockhammer has extracted from the vast body of KantΓÇÖs literature the essential concepts, terms, meanings and definitions of his system, and has arranged them in such a way as to give a clear exposition of KantΓÇÖs dualistic philosophy. The author, a Viennese Doctor of Philosophy, was one of the eminent Kantians of our time and author of many works in the field. The Kant Dictionary is an extensive collaboration of KantΓÇÖs philosophy by Morris Stockhammer. Morris Stockhammer was a Professor and a Viennese Doctor of Philosophy. Professor Stockhammer has extracted from the vast body of KantΓÇÖs literature the essential concepts, terms, meanings and definitions of his system and has arranged them in such a way as to give a clear expositon of KantΓÇÖs dualistic philosophy.

The thinking and suffering of the author of Remembrance of Things Past are intimately exposed in these letters to Mauriac. Mauriac, François 1885–1970, French writer. Mauriac achieved success in 1922 and 1923 with Le Baiser au lépreux and Genitrix (tr. of both in The Family, 1930). Generally set in or near his native Bordeaux, his novels are imbued with his profound, though nonconformist, Roman Catholicism. His characters exist in a tortured universe; nature is evil and man eternally prone to sin. His major novels are The Desert of Love (1925, tr. 1929), Thérèse (1927, tr. 1928), and Vipers'' Tangle (1932, tr. 1933). Other works include The Frontenacs (1933, tr. 1961) and Woman of the Pharisees (1941, tr. 1946); a life of Racine (1928) and of Jesus (1936, tr. 1937); and plays, notably Asmodée (1938, tr. 1939). Also a distinguished essayist, Mauriac became a columnist for Figaro after World War II. Collections of his articles and essays include Journal, 1932–39 (1947, partial tr. Second Thoughts, 1961), Proust''s Way (1949, tr. 1950), and Cain, Where Is Your Brother? (tr. 1962). Mauriac received the 1952 Nobel Prize in Literature.

The Religion of the Occident: Or, The Origin and Development of the Essene-Christian Faith is an unparalleled masterpiece covering in-depth the history of theology and how modern religion came to be. Author Martin A. Larson takes a sprawling approach to the subject, covering in detail vast areas of study, including extensive analysis and comparison of the religions out of which Christianity arose. A classic text for any serious student of religion and theology, LarsonΓÇÖs writings include eye-opening conclusions on Christianity. Martin A. Larson wrote several books on Christianity and religion, including The Story of Christian Origins, The Religious Empire, and Church Wealth and Business Income.

In this work Baruch Spinoza, one of the cardinal thinkers of all time, answers the eternal questions of man and his passions, God and nature. In the deepest sense, this dictionary of SpinozaΓÇÖs philosophy is a veritable treasury of sublime wisdom. Dagobert D. Runes was a philosopher and author. He was the founding publisher of The Philosophical Library, where he worked to bring philosophical texts to a general audience. Runes was a colleague and friend of Albert Einstein and many other influential philosophers and scientists. Runes is responsible for publishing an English translation of Marx''s On the Jewish Question, which he published under the title A World without Jews, and for editing The Dictionary of Philosophy, published in 1942.

This book is a study of Ayn RandΓÇÖs philosophy of ΓÇ£objectivism.ΓÇ¥ It addresses itself to three basic questions: what is ΓÇ£objectivismΓÇ¥? What is the full meaning of the objectivist point of view? and what are the basic social implications of objectivism? The book is divided into three major sections. The first part summarizes Ayn RandΓÇÖs philosophy with respect to three basic areas of inquiry: (1) knowing and the known, (2) personal value and the nature of man, and (3) the ethics of objectivism. The second part of the study follows the same general organizational scheme as the first and consists primarily of a critical analysis of the ideas presented in the earlier pages. The purpose of the study is to deal with Ayn RandΓÇÖs basic premises; only secondary consideration is given to the way in which these premises apply to specific problems in such areas as politics, economics and esthetics. Throughout, the author has been less concerned with criticizing what Rand says than with determining whether what she says makes sense in terms of established procedures for rational and semantic analysis and with respect to generally accepted principles for the scientific verification of evidence.

This first published work lays bare the early brilliance and philosophical conflicts of André Gide, a towering figure in French literature Nobel Prize–winning writer André Gide lays bare his adolescent psyche in this early work, first conceived and published as part of his novel The Notebooks of André Walter, completed when he was just twenty years old. This profoundly personal work draws heavily on his religious upbringing and private journals to tell the story of a young man who, like the author, pines for his forbidden love, cousin Emmanuelle. This unique portrait of Gide as a young man presents the passions and conflicts, temptations and anguish he would explore in maturity.

The text of six lectures in which Karl Jaspers redefines the position of philosophy in the world today, particularly in relation to science and theology, and defines and outlines his own philosophy.

Philosopher Dagobert D. Runes introduces readers to the philosophical movements throughout the agesΓÇötraveling back to the time of the ancient Greeks all the way up to the twentieth-century with philosophies such as ExistentialismΓÇöin this groundbreaking guide, Philosophy for Everyman from Socrates to Sartre. Readers will appreciate RunesΓÇÖs careful breakdown of concepts and his historical approach to philosophy. His engaging prose, written for the general reader, makes philosophy enjoyable and accessible. Dagobert D. Runes was a philosopher and author. He was the founding publisher of The Philosophical Library, where he worked to bring philosophical texts to a general audience. Runes was a colleague and friend of Albert Einstein and many other influential philosophers and scientists. Runes is responsible for publishing an English translation of Marx''s On the Jewish Question, which he published under the title A World without Jews, and for editing The Dictionary of Philosophy, published in 1942.

Author John E. Rexine expounds on the theologies of the great Roman thinkers Plato and Cicero in this essay. While both are more well known for their political philosophies, RexineΓÇÖs astute analysis uncovers the religious views embedded in the most famous texts of these two visionaries. John E. Rexine was an author, theologian, and philosopher. He wrote extensively on philosophy, including Religion in Plato and Cicero, An Explorer of Realms of Art, Life, and Thought: A Survey of the Works of Philosopher and Theologian Constantine Cavarnos, and Hellenic Spirit: Byzantine and Post Byzantine.

Benjamin Rush was a Founding Father of the United States. Rush lived in the state of Pennsylvania and was a physician, writer, educator, humanitarian and a devout Christian, as well as the founder of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Rush was a signatory of the Declaration of Independence and attended the Continental Congress. Later in life, he became a professor of medical theory and clinical practice at the University of Pennsylvania. Despite having a wide influence on the development of American government, he is not as widely known as many of his American contemporaries. Rush was also an early opponent of slavery and capital punishment. Despite his great contributions to early American society, Rush may be more famous today as the man who, in 1812, helped reconcile the friendship of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams by encouraging the two former Presidents to resume writing to each other. The editor of the preface of this book gives an in depth look into Benjamin RushΓÇÖs life. The writings of Rush, which are mentioned in this book, show a wide range of interest and knowledge embracing agriculture and the mechanical arts, chemistry and medicine, political science, and theology. Including letters he wrote in effort to dispel prejudice, to fight oppression, and to elevate the lot of the lowly. Dagobert D. Runes was a philosopher and author. He was the founding publisher of The Philosophical Library, where he worked to bring philosophical texts to a general audience. Runes was a colleague and friend of Albert Einstein and many other influential philosophers and scientists. Runes is responsible for publishing an English translation of Marx''s On the Jewish Question, which he published under the title A World without Jews, and for editing The Dictionary of Philosophy, published in 1942.

In The Unfinished Dialogue: Martin Buber and the Christian Way, author John M. Oesterreicher analyzes BuberΓÇÖs philosophies and writings in this concise book. OesterreicherΓÇÖs analyses are the perfect companion to understanding Buber in his own words. Martin Buber was an influential Jewish philosopher, essayist, translator, and editor most known for his German translation of the Bible, his religious existentialism philosophy, and his role in the Zionist movement. Scholars and philosophers continue to consult his unparalleled approach to religious studies, and his writings have made a lasting impact on the approach to philosophical thought. New and returning readers of Buber will find clarity and wisdom in his words, along with clarity provided by OesterreicherΓÇÖs analysis. John M. Oesterreicher wrote and contributed to many texts on the study of religion, including The Unfinished Dialogue, Standing Before God, Jerusalem, and The New Encounter Between Christians and Jews. He also served as the director of the Institute of Judaeo-Christian Studies at Seton Hall University.

This is a thorough and well documented study, examining the theology and anthropology of the Serbian Folk Epic. The book opens a new field in Slavic folklore and offers scholars material heretofore not readily available in English. The work sheds light also on the Serbian soul and culture. Conceptions of God, restlessness of the Folk Poet for the transcendental, the deep Ontological, Cosmic, and Theurgic character of the heroes of the Serbian Folk Epic, manΓÇÖs destiny, man of culture or man of civilization, are just a few of the topics that the author has concerned himself with in this book. Dr. Krstivoj Kotur was born in Yugoslavia and has been a resident of the United States since 1949. He is a graduate of the University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia, and the University of Sofia, Bulgaria, and subsequently received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the University of Vienna, Austria. Dr. Kotur has authored many articles in various cultural and religious journals. He has also instructed in the Russian language at the Harrisbug Area Center for Higher Education as a member of the Lebanon Valley College faculty in Annville, Pennsylvania, and has taught German at the senior high school level. Dr. Kotur currently occupies the pastorate of St. Peter the Apostle Serbian Orthodox Church in Fresno, California.

Wilfred GranvilleΓÇÖs Theatre Dictionary is an essential guide to the terms in British and American Drama, Opera, and Ballet, and this volume is of incomparable value for the student and practical theatre worker on either side of the Atlantic. It offers a fascinating compilation of technical jargon and colloquial slang pertaining to the business of the theatre, from the legitimate stage to vaudeville and road shows. For several years Wilfred Granville was actively engaged in the theatre as actor, stage director, and producer and speaks from firsthand knowledge of his subject. A specialist in glossaries, Wilfred Granville has treated theatre speech in a readable, unacademic way though there is no inadequacy in his treatment of etymologies of words and phrases recorded. Wilfred Granville was a British lexicographer known for his jargon and slang dictionaries and his military histories. He researched and wrote dictionaries on sea and naval slang and theatre terms as well as naval military histories.

In the extensive study, Systems of Ethics and Value Theory, author William S. Sahakian deconstructs these two complex philosophical systems for a scholarly audience. He covers topics from self-realizationism to free will to dignity with careful analysis and reasoning. His astute contributions to the fields of ethics and value theory provide excellent introductions and open up readersΓÇÖ minds to the complex philosophical concepts and arguments. William S. Sahakian published widely on philosophy, including his two books Systems of Ethics and Value Theory and Philosophies of Religion.

Ranking among the most comprehensive systematicians of theological thought, Thomas Aquinas, the bulwark of Scholasticism, looked into virtually every corner of the theological edifice. “There are two sorts of . . .” This and phrases similar to it are constant expressions repeated on almost every page of St. Thomas’ masterwork, Summa Theologiae. They are vivid reflections of his investigative method, a method that consisted of a broad and liberal vision which scrutinized all facets of every issue considered by him throughout his writings. It would be presumptuous at best to expect to extract all the decisive passages from the vast body of Aquinas’ literature. And yet, without the hope of possibly accomplishing this task, one could not endeavor to compile a dictionary on Thomas Aquinas. Thus, in the preparation of this volume, the editor constantly reminded himself of Rickaby’s admonition: St. Thomas is an author peculiarly liable to misrepresentation by taking his words in one place to the neglect of what he says on the same subject elsewhere. No one is safe in quoting him who has not read much of him. Naturally, the dictionary is organized with this in mind. Professor Stockhammer has sought to make misrepresentation a moot point and to distill and deliver the Thomist philo-theology within the framework of its essentials. In addition, only entries that are of interest to the modern reader are included, whereas items of merely medieval concern are omitted. The volume contains an excellent introduction by Professor Theodore E. James, and will take its place beside other dictionaries, such as Aristotle Dictionary and Plato Dictionary, as an invaluable handbook for students, teachers and interested readers alike.

The Dictionary of Mind, Matter, and Morals contains more than 1000 selections from over 100 of Russell’s books and articles. It serves as an introduction to Russell’s brilliance in analysis, argument, and exposition which develops a clear notion of his method of approach, his fundamental principles and many of his leading ideas. Here is found definitions and terms reflected in the topics of Matter, Mind, and Morals. Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, social reformer, and pacifist. Although he spent the majority of his life in England, he was born in Wales, where he also died. Russell led the British "revolt against Idealism" in the early 1900s and is considered one of the founders of analytic philosophy along with his protégé Wittgenstein and his elder Frege. He co-authored, with A. N. Whitehead, Principia Mathematica, an attempt to ground mathematics on logic. His philosophical essay "On Denoting" has been considered a "paradigm of philosophy." Both works have had a considerable influence on logic, mathematics, set theory, linguistics and analytic philosophy. He was a prominent anti-war activist, championing free trade between nations and anti-imperialism. Russell was imprisoned for his pacifist activism during World War I, campaigned against Adolf Hitler, for nuclear disarmament, criticised Soviet totalitarianism and the United States of America''s involvement in the Vietnam War. In 1950, Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought.

The Concise Dictionary of Ancient History is packed with over four hundred pages of definitions that bring readers a rich portrait of life in ancient times. Curated by editor P. G. Woodcock, each entry provides details and discoveries about ancient history including the key figures, terms, and events. This reference source is the perfect addition to any history buffΓÇÖs shelf. With an easy-to-navigate presentation, it will appeal to readers at all levels of study. P.G. Woodcock was a historian most known for his role as editor for the Dictionary of Ancient History and the Concise Dictionary of Ancient History. Both dictionaries are available from Philosophical Library.