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People and spaces have always been connected by routes: paths, trails, roads ¿ on land, on water and sometimes even through the air, over hill and dale as well as over wooden planks, pavement and asphalt. Humans and animals followed them. The routes directed the circulation of raw materials and goods. They determined the paths on which humans fled from misery and danger, and they constituted the physical and imagined veins of networks between communities. All these cultural and biological connectivities are the building blocks of reshaping past (and present) societies.In this booklet ¿ the second in the booklet series of the Cluster of Excellence ROOTS at Kiel University ¿ we uncover the roots of these routes: From the earliest stages of the Stone Age to the present day, there have been well-defined routes, which enabled the exchange of things, practices and knowledge between people. Many of these ancient routes are not only still visible today, but even continue to operate: from the Silk Roads spanning the continents to the local routes of the Ox Trail in Schleswig-Holstein, from the waterways of Mesopotamia and the river worlds of the forest zone to the spiritual routes of philosophical contemplation. Moreover, isolation and disruptions of formerly established routes, for example in the Viking diaspora, have also proven to be directional for cultural developments. In a kaleidoscope of perspectives, the roles of landscape and climate are examined. Special attention is given to those routes along which objects, rituals, and therefore also cultural practices were transported. Religious rituals, knowledge, even philosophical insights are shown to have their roots in movement along routes.These and the many other topics in this booklet illustrate to what extent the development of human societies is determined by the routes through which they are connected ¿ or not connected. Modern narratives of a limitless, openly accessible world, grounded in an urban-industrialised experience (or agenda), can get cracks if we look deep enough into the past. It is the paths, the very concrete connections in a material as well as a spiritual sense that influence human lives, their existence and their development. Communication and dialogue along the routes and networks must be maintained, as they were and are the guarantors for a good coexistence of humans in this world.

¿What Does This Have to Do with Archaeology?¿ is a collection of essays published on the occasion of Reinhard Bernbeck¿s 65th birthday. The distinguished archaeologist Reinhard Bernbeck from the Institute of Near Eastern Archaeology at Freie Universität Berlin is an internationally highly esteemed colleague. This commemorative volume (Festschrift) reflects his great influence on many different areas of archaeological research from the Neolithic in Central Asia to contemporary archaeology in Europe.The essays are written by an international circle of colleagues who contributed scientific papers, photographs, and personal memories of joint research and scientific exchange with Reinhard Bernbeck. The book covers a wide range of subjects, from analytical discussions on ethnology, spatial theory, and digital archaeology to more practical considerations of research practices related to fieldwork, data management, and alternative modes of archaeological writing. Case studies provide insights into new investigations and re-interpretations of ancient material culture of Southwest and Central Asia. Other contributions address the political use of archaeology in the present, as well as the heritage management and the study of the most recent past.

¿What Does This Have to Do with Archaeology?¿ is a collection of essays published on the occasion of Reinhard Bernbeck¿s 65th birthday. The distinguished archaeologist Reinhard Bernbeck from the Institute of Near Eastern Archaeology at Freie Universität Berlin is an internationally highly esteemed colleague. This commemorative volume (Festschrift) reflects his great influence on many different areas of archaeological research from the Neolithic in Central Asia to contemporary archaeology in Europe.The essays are written by an international circle of colleagues who contributed scientific papers, photographs, and personal memories of joint research and scientific exchange with Reinhard Bernbeck. The book covers a wide range of subjects, from analytical discussions on ethnology, spatial theory, and digital archaeology to more practical considerations of research practices related to fieldwork, data management, and alternative modes of archaeological writing. Case studies provide insights into new investigations and re-interpretations of ancient material culture of Southwest and Central Asia. Other contributions address the political use of archaeology in the present, as well as the heritage management and the study of the most recent past.

The volume in hand throws light on historical encounters with troubled pasts in contemporary Dutch and Greek historiography. Contributors, experts in their respective research fields with a wide range of scholarly publications, eschew dominant national accounts, deconstruct top-down narratives, and situate the historical subject(s) at the centre of the analysis.Troubled pasts are the outcome of local, national and international conflicts, of the continuous quest for growth and dominance, of Colonialism and Great Power rivalry, of ideologically-motivated purges, of Genocide, of National Liberation Struggles, and of Civil Wars. They go hand-in-hand with a great deal of human suffering and horrendous atrocities against civilians on ethnic, religious, racial and political grounds. The examination of troubled pasts and their accompanying imagery raise enduring questions: Whose past is remembered? How is the past appropriated and memorialised? Which pasts are at best neglected, at worst silenced ¿ and why?Encounters with Troubled Pasts addresses such issues by reference to Dutch colonialism in the New World and South East Asia, the Greek campaign in Asia Minor, the Shoah and its aftermath in Greece and the Netherlands, the Greek Civil War of the 1940s, Transitional Justice in Post-Soviet Russia and the Massacre of Srebrenica. It will be of interest to postgraduate students and academics working on Colonialism, the Shoah, modern Dutch and Greek History, Memory and on Oral History.ContentsPrefaceAbout the ContributorsAn Undigested Past. The Netherlands and its Colonial HistoryFrank van VreePride, Shame, Responsibility: New Historical and Heritage Studies on the Holocaust and SlaveryDienke HondiusThe Other Side of the ¿Catastrophe¿: Greek Army Atrocities During the Asia Minor Campaign (1919-1922)Tasos KostopoulosAn Unclaimed Past: The Shoah in AthensPhilip CarabottThe Silent Tree: Collaborationism, Political Power and Collective Guilt. A Dutch-Greek Case Study in MemoryRiki van BoeschotenA Ticket of Re-admission into Dutch Society: The Controversy on Amsterdam¿s Monument of Jewish Gratitude (1950)Roel Hijink and Bart WalletPersecution Through Demonisation, Condemnation Through Silence: Reflecting on Left-Wing Violence in 1940s GreeceIason ChandrinosThe ¿Morality Narrative¿ on Jewish Rescue in Greece: Commemorative Practices and RepresentationsAnna Maria Droumpouki¿Narratives Don¿t Burn¿: Understanding Oral Testimonies and Conceptions of Loyalty Among Exiled Greek Minorities in Central Asia After the Stalinist RepressionsEftihia VoutiraNarratives Competing for the Public Space in Post-Soviet Russia: A Case Study in Challenges to Transitional JusticeNanci AdlerThe Narratives of the Survivors of SrebrenicaSelma Leydesdorff

The volume in hand throws light on historical encounters with troubled pasts in contemporary Dutch and Greek historiography. Contributors, experts in their respective research fields with a wide range of scholarly publications, eschew dominant national accounts, deconstruct top-down narratives, and situate the historical subject(s) at the centre of the analysis.Troubled pasts are the outcome of local, national and international conflicts, of the continuous quest for growth and dominance, of Colonialism and Great Power rivalry, of ideologically-motivated purges, of Genocide, of National Liberation Struggles, and of Civil Wars. They go hand-in-hand with a great deal of human suffering and horrendous atrocities against civilians on ethnic, religious, racial and political grounds. The examination of troubled pasts and their accompanying imagery raise enduring questions: Whose past is remembered? How is the past appropriated and memorialised? Which pasts are at best neglected, at worst silenced ¿ and why?Encounters with Troubled Pasts addresses such issues by reference to Dutch colonialism in the New World and South East Asia, the Greek campaign in Asia Minor, the Shoah and its aftermath in Greece and the Netherlands, the Greek Civil War of the 1940s, Transitional Justice in Post-Soviet Russia and the Massacre of Srebrenica. It will be of interest to postgraduate students and academics working on Colonialism, the Shoah, modern Dutch and Greek History, Memory and on Oral History.ContentsPrefaceAbout the ContributorsAn Undigested Past. The Netherlands and its Colonial HistoryFrank van VreePride, Shame, Responsibility: New Historical and Heritage Studies on the Holocaust and SlaveryDienke HondiusThe Other Side of the ¿Catastrophe¿: Greek Army Atrocities During the Asia Minor Campaign (1919-1922)Tasos KostopoulosAn Unclaimed Past: The Shoah in AthensPhilip CarabottThe Silent Tree: Collaborationism, Political Power and Collective Guilt. A Dutch-Greek Case Study in MemoryRiki van BoeschotenA Ticket of Re-admission into Dutch Society: The Controversy on Amsterdam¿s Monument of Jewish Gratitude (1950)Roel Hijink and Bart WalletPersecution Through Demonisation, Condemnation Through Silence: Reflecting on Left-Wing Violence in 1940s GreeceIason ChandrinosThe ¿Morality Narrative¿ on Jewish Rescue in Greece: Commemorative Practices and RepresentationsAnna Maria Droumpouki¿Narratives Don¿t Burn¿: Understanding Oral Testimonies and Conceptions of Loyalty Among Exiled Greek Minorities in Central Asia After the Stalinist RepressionsEftihia VoutiraNarratives Competing for the Public Space in Post-Soviet Russia: A Case Study in Challenges to Transitional JusticeNanci AdlerThe Narratives of the Survivors of SrebrenicaSelma Leydesdorff

Bradley J. Parker made numerous contributions to the field of archaeology and Assyriology on a broad array of topics spanning six millennia of archaeological history in both ancient Mesopotamia and the Andes. His varied research interests included the archaeology of empires and imperial dynamics, frontiers and borderlands, households and micro-archaeology, ethnoarchaeology, aerial drone mapping, and the politics of archaeology and nationalism.This volume contains a collection of essays from his friends, colleagues and former students that cover three broad themes: household archaeology, frontiers and borderlands, and the archaeology of empire. Our goal is to explore Bradley¿s indelible legacy in the field of archaeology and how his work will contribute to academic discourses in the future.ContentsChapter 1: IntroductionJason R. KennedyChapter 2: Whose House? An Abridged Exploration in Household ArchaeologyJason R. KennedyChapter 3: Household Activities at Ubaid Kenan Tepe: Revisiting the Burnt HouseMarie Hopwood and Jason R. KennedyChapter 4: Living with the Dead: Burial Practice at Kenan Tepe, Turkey, During the Ubaid PeriodDavid E. HopwoodChapter 5: Living Amidst the Ruins: Continuities, Interruptions, and Memory in a 5th mill. BCE Village in the Kopet Dag FoothillsSusan Pollock and Ilia HeitChapter 6: Lithics in the Household: Obsidian Use at Kenan TepeStuart Campbell and Elizabeth HealeyChapter 7: Bureaucrats and Binaries: Household Archaeologies of Indigenous Andean LeadershipScotti M. Norman and Kylie E. QuaveChapter 8: Into the BorderlandsPatrick MullinsChapter 9: The Land that Time Forgot: Five Millennia of Settlement at Çad¿r Hoyuk on the Anatolian PlateauSharon R. Steadman, Jennifer C. Ross and Marica CassisChapter 10: Out of the Shadow of the Texts: Reinvigorating Archaeology¿s Role in Ancient Nubia and Modern Egyptology Through a Borderlands PerspectiveStuart Tyson SmithChapter 11: Dynamic Frontier Processes: Examples from Jordan and PeruAaron Gidding and Alicia BoswellChapter 12: Borderlands of the Moche Valley: The Chimú Phase (~900 ¿ 1450s CE) Chaupiyunga and the Rise of ChimorPatrick MullinsChapter 13: Migration, Settlement, and Warfare in the Prehispanic Nasca Highlands of PeruWeston C. McCoolChapter 14: Imperial DynamicsMatthew J. EdwardsChapter 15: Beating Swords into Plowshares: The Role of Agricultural Colonization in Imperial HistoriesMelissa S. RosenzweigChapter 16: After DeportationAzer Keskin and Reinhard BernbeckChapter 17: Imperial Bodies: Sex and Bodily Hygiene in the Early Assyrian EmpireBleda DüringChapter 18: The Role of Institutions in Imperial Formations in the AndesPatrick Ryan WilliamsChapter 19: Inca Aesthetic and Ideological Signals in the Imperial Heartland (Cuzco, Peru)R. Alan CoveyChapter 20: Putting the Horse Before the Cart: Timelines and Cadences in Archaeological Data PublishingSarah Witcher Kansa and Eric C. Kansa

Bradley J. Parker made numerous contributions to the field of archaeology and Assyriology on a broad array of topics spanning six millennia of archaeological history in both ancient Mesopotamia and the Andes. His varied research interests included the archaeology of empires and imperial dynamics, frontiers and borderlands, households and micro-archaeology, ethnoarchaeology, aerial drone mapping, and the politics of archaeology and nationalism.This volume contains a collection of essays from his friends, colleagues and former students that cover three broad themes: household archaeology, frontiers and borderlands, and the archaeology of empire. Our goal is to explore Bradley¿s indelible legacy in the field of archaeology and how his work will contribute to academic discourses in the future.ContentsChapter 1: IntroductionJason R. KennedyChapter 2: Whose House? An Abridged Exploration in Household ArchaeologyJason R. KennedyChapter 3: Household Activities at Ubaid Kenan Tepe: Revisiting the Burnt HouseMarie Hopwood and Jason R. KennedyChapter 4: Living with the Dead: Burial Practice at Kenan Tepe, Turkey, During the Ubaid PeriodDavid E. HopwoodChapter 5: Living Amidst the Ruins: Continuities, Interruptions, and Memory in a 5th mill. BCE Village in the Kopet Dag FoothillsSusan Pollock and Ilia HeitChapter 6: Lithics in the Household: Obsidian Use at Kenan TepeStuart Campbell and Elizabeth HealeyChapter 7: Bureaucrats and Binaries: Household Archaeologies of Indigenous Andean LeadershipScotti M. Norman and Kylie E. QuaveChapter 8: Into the BorderlandsPatrick MullinsChapter 9: The Land that Time Forgot: Five Millennia of Settlement at Çad¿r Hoyuk on the Anatolian PlateauSharon R. Steadman, Jennifer C. Ross and Marica CassisChapter 10: Out of the Shadow of the Texts: Reinvigorating Archaeology¿s Role in Ancient Nubia and Modern Egyptology Through a Borderlands PerspectiveStuart Tyson SmithChapter 11: Dynamic Frontier Processes: Examples from Jordan and PeruAaron Gidding and Alicia BoswellChapter 12: Borderlands of the Moche Valley: The Chimú Phase (~900 ¿ 1450s CE) Chaupiyunga and the Rise of ChimorPatrick MullinsChapter 13: Migration, Settlement, and Warfare in the Prehispanic Nasca Highlands of PeruWeston C. McCoolChapter 14: Imperial DynamicsMatthew J. EdwardsChapter 15: Beating Swords into Plowshares: The Role of Agricultural Colonization in Imperial HistoriesMelissa S. RosenzweigChapter 16: After DeportationAzer Keskin and Reinhard BernbeckChapter 17: Imperial Bodies: Sex and Bodily Hygiene in the Early Assyrian EmpireBleda DüringChapter 18: The Role of Institutions in Imperial Formations in the AndesPatrick Ryan WilliamsChapter 19: Inca Aesthetic and Ideological Signals in the Imperial Heartland (Cuzco, Peru)R. Alan CoveyChapter 20: Putting the Horse Before the Cart: Timelines and Cadences in Archaeological Data PublishingSarah Witcher Kansa and Eric C. Kansa

Das europäische Neolithikum zeichnet sich durch eine Vielzahl von Umgangsweisen mit menschlichen Körpern von Toten aus. Der archäologische Diskurs zu Mensch, Körper und Tod stützte sich für das Neolithikum traditionell jedoch auf Körperbestattungen. Dies ist unter anderem auf die in der westlichen Welt vorherrschende Idealvorstellung von Totenruhe und der Deponierung eines Körpers an einem, oft separat dafür vorgesehenen Ort zurückzuführen.In der letzten Zeit gerieten jedoch Deponierungen fragmentierter und mitunter auch manipulierter menschlicher Überreste in den Fokus des Interesses, nicht zuletzt durch die Zunahme neuer archäologischer Funde, die sich mit traditionellen Begriffen und Konzepten nicht ohne weiteres erklären lassen. Eine wachsende Zahl solcher Funde fordert die Archäologie heraus, sich mit diesen Themen aus neuen Perspektiven zu beschäftigen.Der vorliegende Band integriert theoretische Reflexionen zur Bedeutung des menschlichen Körpers und zur Wahrnehmung des Übergangs vom Leben zum Tod, wie sie anhand von Bestattungen und Deponierungen menschlicher Überreste und archäologischer Funde untersucht werden können. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf dem neolithischen Mitteleuropa. Mit Hilfe verschiedener interdisziplinärer und theoretischer Ansätze wird anhand von Fallstudien deutlich, dass etablierte Praktiken und performative Akte des Umgangs mit dem menschlichen Körper hochkomplex sind und daher auch gemeinsam aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln betrachtet werden sollten.Der aus einer Tagungssektion in Würzburg 2019 hervorgegangene Sammelband vereint dabei Beiträge zu verschiedenen Gebieten und neolithischen Subperioden, wie der Linearbandkeramik, der Trichterbecherkultur und dem subalpinen Spätneolithikum, darunter prominente Fundkomplexe. Eingerahmt werden diese von Aufsätzen, die sich kritisch mit der archäologischen Erforschung des Umgangs von Tod und mit Toten auseinandersetzen und einem zusammenfassenden Überblick zu den Beiträgen des Sammelbandes geben.

Das europäische Neolithikum zeichnet sich durch eine Vielzahl von Umgangsweisen mit menschlichen Körpern von Toten aus. Der archäologische Diskurs zu Mensch, Körper und Tod stützte sich für das Neolithikum traditionell jedoch auf Körperbestattungen. Dies ist unter anderem auf die in der westlichen Welt vorherrschende Idealvorstellung von Totenruhe und der Deponierung eines Körpers an einem, oft separat dafür vorgesehenen Ort zurückzuführen.In der letzten Zeit gerieten jedoch Deponierungen fragmentierter und mitunter auch manipulierter menschlicher Überreste in den Fokus des Interesses, nicht zuletzt durch die Zunahme neuer archäologischer Funde, die sich mit traditionellen Begriffen und Konzepten nicht ohne weiteres erklären lassen. Eine wachsende Zahl solcher Funde fordert die Archäologie heraus, sich mit diesen Themen aus neuen Perspektiven zu beschäftigen.Der vorliegende Band integriert theoretische Reflexionen zur Bedeutung des menschlichen Körpers und zur Wahrnehmung des Übergangs vom Leben zum Tod, wie sie anhand von Bestattungen und Deponierungen menschlicher Überreste und archäologischer Funde untersucht werden können. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf dem neolithischen Mitteleuropa. Mit Hilfe verschiedener interdisziplinärer und theoretischer Ansätze wird anhand von Fallstudien deutlich, dass etablierte Praktiken und performative Akte des Umgangs mit dem menschlichen Körper hochkomplex sind und daher auch gemeinsam aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln betrachtet werden sollten.Der aus einer Tagungssektion in Würzburg 2019 hervorgegangene Sammelband vereint dabei Beiträge zu verschiedenen Gebieten und neolithischen Subperioden, wie der Linearbandkeramik, der Trichterbecherkultur und dem subalpinen Spätneolithikum, darunter prominente Fundkomplexe. Eingerahmt werden diese von Aufsätzen, die sich kritisch mit der archäologischen Erforschung des Umgangs von Tod und mit Toten auseinandersetzen und einem zusammenfassenden Überblick zu den Beiträgen des Sammelbandes geben.

From 2013-2022 the largest Stone Age excavation ever undertaken in Denmark, uncovered an entire fjord landscape beneath marine sediments at Rødbyhavn on the island of Lolland. Based on the excavations, Museum Lolland-Falster, in collaboration with Aarhus University and the Danish National Museum, organised an international conference on the topic of ¿LOST 2022 ¿ Changing Identity in a Changing World¿ on 16 and 17 June 2022 to discuss the time around 4000 BCE in Denmark and beyond from different angles.This book summarizes the conference and presents its main outcomes. It also gives an overview of the current state of research within the Femern project and sets them into context with the wider area. By including contributions from the Netherlands to Finland, the central position of Lolland as a corridor in the Stone Age is highlighted and discussed. The topics covered in this book deal with technological change, archaeological analyses of identity, aspects of landscape interaction and perception in the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic.This book is aimed at specialists, students and the interested public alike, as it provides the first complete overview of the excavations of the Femern project and places them in context. At the same time, it serves as a basis for further studies on the material and highlights the challenges and possibilities of the archaeological record from the period around 4000 BCE.

From 2013-2022 the largest Stone Age excavation ever undertaken in Denmark, uncovered an entire fjord landscape beneath marine sediments at Rødbyhavn on the island of Lolland. Based on the excavations, Museum Lolland-Falster, in collaboration with Aarhus University and the Danish National Museum, organised an international conference on the topic of ¿LOST 2022 ¿ Changing Identity in a Changing World¿ on 16 and 17 June 2022 to discuss the time around 4000 BCE in Denmark and beyond from different angles.This book summarizes the conference and presents its main outcomes. It also gives an overview of the current state of research within the Femern project and sets them into context with the wider area. By including contributions from the Netherlands to Finland, the central position of Lolland as a corridor in the Stone Age is highlighted and discussed. The topics covered in this book deal with technological change, archaeological analyses of identity, aspects of landscape interaction and perception in the Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic.This book is aimed at specialists, students and the interested public alike, as it provides the first complete overview of the excavations of the Femern project and places them in context. At the same time, it serves as a basis for further studies on the material and highlights the challenges and possibilities of the archaeological record from the period around 4000 BCE.

The archaeological study of quarries focuses mainly on the reconstruction of the extraction process, while rock-hewn spaces have often been approached from the point of view of architectural styles or art-history. Nevertheless, a holistic structural approach to the study of these spaces could allow a better understanding of the agency of those who carved the stone.Stone quarries and rock-cut sites have rarely been included in global studies of historical landscapes and few are the forums dedicated to the theoretical and methodological debate over the importance that these sites have for the understanding of past societies. To fill the gap, the proceedings volume aims at providing new data on sites located in Africa (Ethiopia, and Egypt), Europe (France, Croatia, Italy, Spain) and Asia (Turkey, Saudi Arabia) studied with a diachronic approach, as well as new theoretical reflections for the international debate on the archaeological investigation of rock-cut spaces and stone quarries.Two directions structure this volume: the analysis of the individual rock walls, considering the study of tool traces as a proxy for understanding the carving phases, as well as the analysis of the structure (site/quarry) as a whole, by contextualizing the results of the study of the single walls.The volume mainly targets researchers who are willing to discover quarries and rock-cut sites as aspects of the same mining phenomenon: places in which specific empirical and handcrafting knowledge related to stone working is expressed and conveyed, but also a wider audience that is interested in these peculiar and impressive sites.ContentsForewordGabriele GattigliaI. THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF QUARRIES AND ROCK-CUT SITESSavoir-faire and Technical Environment: Rethinking the Emergence of Rock-cut Tombs in the Neolithic MediterraneanMarie-Elise PorquedduWhat to Expect when you¿re Documenting and Excavating a Roman Quarry ¿ Monte del Vescovo, Istria, CroatiaKatarina ¿premTheorising Ancient Quarries: How Far Have We Come?Christopher J. LyesWhen Quarry Waste Explains Tool MarksDaniel MorleghemThe Hand, the Stone and the Mind: Exploring the Agency of Rocks in Quarrying TechniquesClaudia SciutoII. CARVED SITES AND CARVED LANDSCAPESHow do Rock-cut Architectures Interact with the Landscape? The Example of Prehistoric Rock-cut Tombs in Ossi, Sardinia (Italy)Guillaume RobinA Study of Quartzite (Silicified Sandstone) Quarries in EgyptDaniela GalazzoFirst Reflections on the Structural Analysis of Rock-hewn Caves in Lalibeläs Landscape, EthiopiaManon RouthiauQuarrying, Carving and Shaping the Landscape. Stone Working at Dadan, Northwest Arabia, in the First Millennium BCE and BeyondThierry Grégor, Jérôme Rohmer and Abdulrahman AlsuhaibaniUnderground and Open-pit Quarries in Polignano a Mare (Italy): a Preliminary InvestigationGermano Germano¿III. ROCK-CUT SITES AND QUARRIES: CRAFTS AND SOCIETIESThe Left-handed and the Ambidextrous: Methodological Considerations by Way of the Excavation of Rock-cut Churches Over the Long TermAnaïs LamesaQualifications of Craftsmen Who Dug Souterrains in France (10th-15th centuries) ¿ Preliminary ResultsLuc StevensThe Technique of Extracting Building Stone by ¿Stone-walling and Back-filling¿ in Paris: an Innovation of the Late Middle AgesJean-Pierre Gély and Marc Viré

The archaeological study of quarries focuses mainly on the reconstruction of the extraction process, while rock-hewn spaces have often been approached from the point of view of architectural styles or art-history. Nevertheless, a holistic structural approach to the study of these spaces could allow a better understanding of the agency of those who carved the stone.Stone quarries and rock-cut sites have rarely been included in global studies of historical landscapes and few are the forums dedicated to the theoretical and methodological debate over the importance that these sites have for the understanding of past societies. To fill the gap, the proceedings volume aims at providing new data on sites located in Africa (Ethiopia, and Egypt), Europe (France, Croatia, Italy, Spain) and Asia (Turkey, Saudi Arabia) studied with a diachronic approach, as well as new theoretical reflections for the international debate on the archaeological investigation of rock-cut spaces and stone quarries.Two directions structure this volume: the analysis of the individual rock walls, considering the study of tool traces as a proxy for understanding the carving phases, as well as the analysis of the structure (site/quarry) as a whole, by contextualizing the results of the study of the single walls.The volume mainly targets researchers who are willing to discover quarries and rock-cut sites as aspects of the same mining phenomenon: places in which specific empirical and handcrafting knowledge related to stone working is expressed and conveyed, but also a wider audience that is interested in these peculiar and impressive sites.ContentsForewordGabriele GattigliaI. THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF QUARRIES AND ROCK-CUT SITESSavoir-faire and Technical Environment: Rethinking the Emergence of Rock-cut Tombs in the Neolithic MediterraneanMarie-Elise PorquedduWhat to Expect when you¿re Documenting and Excavating a Roman Quarry ¿ Monte del Vescovo, Istria, CroatiaKatarina ¿premTheorising Ancient Quarries: How Far Have We Come?Christopher J. LyesWhen Quarry Waste Explains Tool MarksDaniel MorleghemThe Hand, the Stone and the Mind: Exploring the Agency of Rocks in Quarrying TechniquesClaudia SciutoII. CARVED SITES AND CARVED LANDSCAPESHow do Rock-cut Architectures Interact with the Landscape? The Example of Prehistoric Rock-cut Tombs in Ossi, Sardinia (Italy)Guillaume RobinA Study of Quartzite (Silicified Sandstone) Quarries in EgyptDaniela GalazzoFirst Reflections on the Structural Analysis of Rock-hewn Caves in Lalibeläs Landscape, EthiopiaManon RouthiauQuarrying, Carving and Shaping the Landscape. Stone Working at Dadan, Northwest Arabia, in the First Millennium BCE and BeyondThierry Grégor, Jérôme Rohmer and Abdulrahman AlsuhaibaniUnderground and Open-pit Quarries in Polignano a Mare (Italy): a Preliminary InvestigationGermano Germano¿III. ROCK-CUT SITES AND QUARRIES: CRAFTS AND SOCIETIESThe Left-handed and the Ambidextrous: Methodological Considerations by Way of the Excavation of Rock-cut Churches Over the Long TermAnaïs LamesaQualifications of Craftsmen Who Dug Souterrains in France (10th-15th centuries) ¿ Preliminary ResultsLuc StevensThe Technique of Extracting Building Stone by ¿Stone-walling and Back-filling¿ in Paris: an Innovation of the Late Middle AgesJean-Pierre Gély and Marc Viré

From a mummy on board the Titanic to the pyramids¿ alignment with the stars, from psychoactive mushrooms to the lost realm of Atlantis: alternative interpretations of ancient Egypt, often summarised as ¿alternative Egyptology¿, have always focused on subjects that others shunned. Ever since the birth of scholarly Egyptology with the decipherment of the hieroglyphic script two hundred years ago, alternative interpretations and imaginative theories have flourished alongside it. They intertwined with egalitarian and spiritual tendencies in society during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when ancient Egypt inspired countless mediums, artists, and movements from freemasonry to the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. More recently alternative interpretations have inspired comic-book authors and nationalist Chinese bloggers.It would be a mistake, however, for academics to simply view these alternative theories as fantasies that are best ignored. Their lasting popular impact needs to be assessed and (publicly) addressed by Egyptology, but they may in fact also open up fresh perspectives for research. The contributors to this volume critically explore various aspects of ¿alternative Egyptology¿, assessing its impact on society and scholarship, and finding ways for Egyptology to relate to it.ContentsIntroductionBen van den BerckenLifting the Veil of Isis: Egyptian Reception and the Hermetic Order of the Golden DawnCaroline Tully¿Someone Who Has Power and Who Understands¿: Egyptology, Egyptosophy and the ¿Truth¿ about Ancient EgyptJasmine DayAleister Crowley¿s Egypt: The Stele of RevealingMaiken Mosleth KingMeasurement Standards and Double Standards: Reassessing Charles Piazzi Smyth¿s Egyptological ReputationDaniel PotterThe Orion Correlation Theory: Past, Present, and Future?Willem van HaarlemHigh Times in Ancient EgyptAndrea SinclairBatman and the Book of the Dead: Alternative Egyptology or ¿Just for Fun¿?Arnaud QuertinmontSphinxes of Mars: Science, Fiction, and Nineteenth-Century Ancient AliensEleanor DobsonDr Paul Schliemann: Reality or Fake News?Jean-Pierre PätznickWas Narmer a Chinese emperor? Alternative History of Ancient Egypt in ChinaTian TianThe Occult Egyptian Mural Discovered in a Brazilian Freemasons¿ TempleThomas Henrique de Toledo StellaThe Royal Son of the Sun: Christian Egyptosophy and Victorian Egyptology in the Egyptian Romances of H. Rider HaggardSimon MagusThe Pillar of Fire and the Sea of Reeds: Identifying the Locations along the Route of the ExodusHuub PragtEpilogueWillem van Haarlem

From a mummy on board the Titanic to the pyramids¿ alignment with the stars, from psychoactive mushrooms to the lost realm of Atlantis: alternative interpretations of ancient Egypt, often summarised as ¿alternative Egyptology¿, have always focused on subjects that others shunned. Ever since the birth of scholarly Egyptology with the decipherment of the hieroglyphic script two hundred years ago, alternative interpretations and imaginative theories have flourished alongside it. They intertwined with egalitarian and spiritual tendencies in society during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, when ancient Egypt inspired countless mediums, artists, and movements from freemasonry to the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. More recently alternative interpretations have inspired comic-book authors and nationalist Chinese bloggers.It would be a mistake, however, for academics to simply view these alternative theories as fantasies that are best ignored. Their lasting popular impact needs to be assessed and (publicly) addressed by Egyptology, but they may in fact also open up fresh perspectives for research. The contributors to this volume critically explore various aspects of ¿alternative Egyptology¿, assessing its impact on society and scholarship, and finding ways for Egyptology to relate to it.ContentsIntroductionBen van den BerckenLifting the Veil of Isis: Egyptian Reception and the Hermetic Order of the Golden DawnCaroline Tully¿Someone Who Has Power and Who Understands¿: Egyptology, Egyptosophy and the ¿Truth¿ about Ancient EgyptJasmine DayAleister Crowley¿s Egypt: The Stele of RevealingMaiken Mosleth KingMeasurement Standards and Double Standards: Reassessing Charles Piazzi Smyth¿s Egyptological ReputationDaniel PotterThe Orion Correlation Theory: Past, Present, and Future?Willem van HaarlemHigh Times in Ancient EgyptAndrea SinclairBatman and the Book of the Dead: Alternative Egyptology or ¿Just for Fun¿?Arnaud QuertinmontSphinxes of Mars: Science, Fiction, and Nineteenth-Century Ancient AliensEleanor DobsonDr Paul Schliemann: Reality or Fake News?Jean-Pierre PätznickWas Narmer a Chinese emperor? Alternative History of Ancient Egypt in ChinaTian TianThe Occult Egyptian Mural Discovered in a Brazilian Freemasons¿ TempleThomas Henrique de Toledo StellaThe Royal Son of the Sun: Christian Egyptosophy and Victorian Egyptology in the Egyptian Romances of H. Rider HaggardSimon MagusThe Pillar of Fire and the Sea of Reeds: Identifying the Locations along the Route of the ExodusHuub PragtEpilogueWillem van Haarlem

This book explores the relationship between Assyria and Urartu in Iron Age northern Mesopotamia through the lens of the so-called Thirdspace, focusing on the lived experience of marginalized subjects of that time such as deportees and POWs.

This book explores the relationship between Assyria and Urartu in Iron Age northern Mesopotamia through the lens of the so-called Thirdspace, focusing on the lived experience of marginalized subjects of that time such as deportees and POWs.

Across Western Asia, the astonishing increase in the availability of durable ceramic containers in the seventh millennium BCE had significant societal repercussions ¿ so much so that vital social, economic, and symbolic activities became dependent upon the availability of pottery containers. These early ceramic containers, however, established themselves alongside flourishing pre-existing container traditions, with vessels made in a wide range of materials including clay, bitumen, basketry, leather, wood, and stone. How did prehistoric people respond to the emergence of containers as a key factor in their lives?Building on Olivier Nieuwenhuyse¿s rich scholarly legacy, this volume brings together 18 papers by leading scholars in the field of container technology, discussing cases from eastern Asia to Africa, but with a focus on prehistoric Western Asia. Looking not just at pottery but also explicitly beyond, the contributions consider and address the cross-overs of different kinds of raw materials for containers and their crafting; the multiplicity of temporal scales in the production, use and discard of pottery; the social anchoring of vessels¿ use and deposition as evident in their specific contexts; and local as well as regional variations in early pottery.ContentsPrefaceReinhard Bernbeck and Koen BerghuijsThe ultimate black box ¿ an introductionOlivier Nieuwenhuyse¿Thinking inside the maskClive GambleContaining the flow: ÇatalhöyükIan HodderClay, enamel and plastic. Three ethnographic studies on diversity and innovation in container usageHans Peter HahnJust an everyday story of pots? Thinking through the controversies, materialities, and interdependencies of initial pottery and organic containers in the East MediterraneanPeter TomkinsThinking inside the pot ¿ Improving organic residue analysisBonnie NilhamnEarly pottery in Upper MesopotamiaMarie Le MièreImagined Inceptions: of pottery and basketry in the Upper Mesopotamian late NeolithicKoen Berghuijs and Olivier Nieuwenhuyse¿Alternating mediums? The introduction of pottery to the southern Levant and its impact on the production of stone vessels: Shäar Hagolan as a case studyDanny Rosenberg and Yosef GarfinkelEarly pottery in the Southern Levant and beyondKevin GibbsA view from the northern forests: container technologies of boreal hunter-gatherersHenny PiezonkaThe affordances of portable containers in early village societies in the Kopet Dag regionSusan PollockContainers of collective memories. A biographic-contextual approach to the chlorite vessels of the 10th millennium BCE of northern MesopotamiaMarion BenzContainers for spirits: symbolic meaning of early pottery and stone vessels discovered in Tell el-KerkhAkira TsunekiClay containers and mobility in the final stage of Neolithisation: storage bins and the earliest pottery at Tell el-Kerkh, northwest SyriaTakahiro OdakaImmovable and movable containers: evidence from the Syrian Euphrates in the mid-8th millennium cal. BCEAnna Bach Gómez, Adrià Breu Barcons, Miquel Molist and Walter CruellsLifting the lid on the materiality of containing and retrievingCarl KnappettContainer cultures: a synthesisReinhard Bernbeck

Across Western Asia, the astonishing increase in the availability of durable ceramic containers in the seventh millennium BCE had significant societal repercussions ¿ so much so that vital social, economic, and symbolic activities became dependent upon the availability of pottery containers. These early ceramic containers, however, established themselves alongside flourishing pre-existing container traditions, with vessels made in a wide range of materials including clay, bitumen, basketry, leather, wood, and stone. How did prehistoric people respond to the emergence of containers as a key factor in their lives?Building on Olivier Nieuwenhuyse¿s rich scholarly legacy, this volume brings together 18 papers by leading scholars in the field of container technology, discussing cases from eastern Asia to Africa, but with a focus on prehistoric Western Asia. Looking not just at pottery but also explicitly beyond, the contributions consider and address the cross-overs of different kinds of raw materials for containers and their crafting; the multiplicity of temporal scales in the production, use and discard of pottery; the social anchoring of vessels¿ use and deposition as evident in their specific contexts; and local as well as regional variations in early pottery.ContentsPrefaceReinhard Bernbeck and Koen BerghuijsThe ultimate black box ¿ an introductionOlivier Nieuwenhuyse¿Thinking inside the maskClive GambleContaining the flow: ÇatalhöyükIan HodderClay, enamel and plastic. Three ethnographic studies on diversity and innovation in container usageHans Peter HahnJust an everyday story of pots? Thinking through the controversies, materialities, and interdependencies of initial pottery and organic containers in the East MediterraneanPeter TomkinsThinking inside the pot ¿ Improving organic residue analysisBonnie NilhamnEarly pottery in Upper MesopotamiaMarie Le MièreImagined Inceptions: of pottery and basketry in the Upper Mesopotamian late NeolithicKoen Berghuijs and Olivier Nieuwenhuyse¿Alternating mediums? The introduction of pottery to the southern Levant and its impact on the production of stone vessels: Shäar Hagolan as a case studyDanny Rosenberg and Yosef GarfinkelEarly pottery in the Southern Levant and beyondKevin GibbsA view from the northern forests: container technologies of boreal hunter-gatherersHenny PiezonkaThe affordances of portable containers in early village societies in the Kopet Dag regionSusan PollockContainers of collective memories. A biographic-contextual approach to the chlorite vessels of the 10th millennium BCE of northern MesopotamiaMarion BenzContainers for spirits: symbolic meaning of early pottery and stone vessels discovered in Tell el-KerkhAkira TsunekiClay containers and mobility in the final stage of Neolithisation: storage bins and the earliest pottery at Tell el-Kerkh, northwest SyriaTakahiro OdakaImmovable and movable containers: evidence from the Syrian Euphrates in the mid-8th millennium cal. BCEAnna Bach Gómez, Adrià Breu Barcons, Miquel Molist and Walter CruellsLifting the lid on the materiality of containing and retrievingCarl KnappettContainer cultures: a synthesisReinhard Bernbeck