Bøger udgivet af Springer Vienna

From the reviews: "... this is a well produced book, written in a easy to read style, and will also be a very useful primer for someone starting out the field [...], and a useful source of reference for experienced users ..." Microelectronics Journal

Preoperative and intraoperative echocardiography has become an indispensable tool for guiding mitral valve surgery and has fostered the development of many innovative surgical techniques. Mitral valvuloplasty is now an established surgical method for the treatment of mitral insufficiency but the success is largely dependent on the extent of the underlying disease of the mitral valve. The book by Dr. Ng and coauthors is an extraordinary presentation of the relation between echocardiographic display of mitral valve pathology and reconstructive mitral valve surgery. The atlas provides an excellent illustrative guide to teach echocardiographic-anatomic correlations and educates the reader on the techniques of mitral valve repair. The quality of the illustrations, particularly the surgical photographs is exquisite. The book will be helpful for cardiologists and cardiac surgeons.

The International Working Conference on Dependable Computing for Critical Applications was the first conference organized by IFIP Working Group 10. 4 "Dependable Computing and Fault Tolerance", in cooperation with the Technical Committee on Fault-Tolerant Computing of the IEEE Computer Society, and the Technical Committee 7 on Systems Reliability, Safety and Security of EWlCS. The rationale for the Working Conference is best expressed by the aims of WG 10. 4: " Increasingly, individuals and organizations are developing or procuring sophisticated computing systems on whose services they need to place great reliance. In differing circumstances, the focus will be on differing properties of such services - e. g. continuity, performance, real-time response, ability to avoid catastrophic failures, prevention of deliberate privacy intrusions. The notion of dependability, defined as that property of a computing system which allows reliance to be justifiably placed on the service it delivers, enables these various concerns to be subsumed within a single conceptual framework. Dependability thus includes as special cases such attributes as reliability, availability, safety, security. The Working Group is aimed at identifying and integrating approaches, methods and techniques for specifying, designing, building, assessing, validating, operating and maintaining computer systems which should exhibit some or all of these attributes. " The concept of WG 10. 4 was formulated during the IFIP Working Conference on Reliable Computing and Fault Tolerance on September 27-29, 1979 in London, England, held in conjunction with the Europ-IFIP 79 Conference. Profs A. Avi~ienis (UCLA, Los Angeles, USA) and A.

This volume is a special Issue on "e;Dynamical Systems, Wave based computation and neuro inspired robots'^ based on a Course carried out at the CISM in Udine (Italy), the last week of September, 2003. From the topics treated within that Course, several new ideas were f- mulated, which led to a new kind of approach to locomotion and p- ception, grounded both on biologically inspired issues and on nonlinear dynamics. The Course was characterised by a high degree of multi disciplinarity. In fact, in order to conceive, design and build neuro inspired machines, it is necessary to deeply scan into different d- ciplines, including neuroscience. Artificial Intelligence, Biorobotics, Dynamical Systems theory and Electronics. New types of moving machines should be more closely related to the biological rules, not discarding the real implementation issues. The recipe has to include neurobiological paradigms as well as behavioral aspects from the one hand, new circuit paradigms, able of real time control of multi joint robots on the other hand. These new circuit paradigms are based on the theory of complex nonlinear dynamical systems, where aggregates of simple non linear units into ensembles of lattices, have the pr- erty that the solution set is much richer than that one shown by the single units. As a consequence, new solutions ^'emerge'\ which are often characterized by order and harmony.

More than 90 papers give a summary of clinical and basic studies on cerebral vasospasm, including reviews by leading researchers in this field. Several new frontiers are proposed for future research directions that will not only promote research from neurosurgery and neurology but also from other interconnecting fields of emergency medicine, electrophysiology, molecular biology, and vascular biology.

Materials syntheses are generally more complex than syntheses of inorganic or organic compounds, and specific characterization methods play a more important role. Materials synthesis protocols often suffer from unclarities, irreproducibility, lack in detail and lack in standards. The need to change this situation is the main motivation for this book. A number of detailed protocols has been collected, ranging from organic polymers to carbonaceous and ceramic materials, from gels to porous and layered materials and from powders and nanoparticles to films. Preparation methods include intercalation and flux methods, sol-gel processing, templating methods for porous materials, sonochemistry or spray pyrolysis.Each contribution provides detailed and unambiguous description of the hardware, specific characteristics of the procedure, scope of applicability as well as methods that unequivocally identify and characterize the material and allow checking whether the synthesis was successful.

This course with 6 lecturers intends to present a systematic survey of recent re- search results of well-known scientists on error-controlled adaptive finite element methods in solid and structural mechanics with emphasis to problem-dependent concepts for adaptivity, error analysis as well as h- and p-adaptive refinement techniques including meshing and remeshing. Challenging applications are of equal importance, including elastic and elastoplastic deformations of solids, con- tact problems and thin-walled structures. Some major topics should be pointed out, namely: (i) The growing importance of goal-oriented and local error estimates for quan- tities of interest-in comparison with global error estimates-based on dual finite element solutions; (a) The importance of the p-version of the finite element method in conjunction with parameter-dependent hierarchical approximations of the mathematical model, for example in boundary layers of elastic plates; (Hi) The choice of problem-oriented error measures in suitable norms, consider- ing residual, averaging and hierarchical error estimates in conjunction with the efficiency of the associated adaptive computations; (iv) The importance of implicit local postprocessing with enhanced test spaces in order to get constant-free, i. e. absolute-not only relative-discretizati- error estimates; (v) The coupling of error-controlled adaptive discretizations and the mathemat- ical modeling in related subdomains, such as boundary layers. The main goals of adaptivity are reliability and efficiency, combined with in- sight and access to controls which are independent of the applied discretization methods. By these efforts, new paradigms in Computational Mechanics should be realized, namely verifications and even validations of engineering models.

Der Schlaganfall ist eine von der Gesellschaft und der modernen Medizin noch nicht bewaltigte Krankheit. Das Buch beginnt mit der Geschichte eines Schlaganfallpatienten, der seine Erlebnisse wahrend der Erkrankung und seinen Umgang mit der Behinderung im Detail schildert. Weiters wird von einem erfahrenen Schlaganfallteam die Entwicklung zum Schlaganfall beschrieben und die Lebensweise, das Verhalten und die Risikofaktoren analysiert, die die Entstehung des Schlaganfalls begunstigen. In einem weiteren Kapitel wird die Schlaganfallerkrankung als Notfallerkrankung und ihre Behandlung im Krankenhaus dargestellt. Ein Schlaganfallteam aus verschiedenen Disziplinen ubernimmt die weitere stationare und ambulante Behandlung, in deren Mittelpunkt der Patient und seine Familie stehen mussen. Behandlungsformen und der Umgang mit dem behinderten Patienten werden dargestellt. Abschlieend findet sich ein Schlaganfall-Lexikon mit den wichtigsten Begriffen sowie weiterfuhrende Literatur und Kontaktstellen fur Betroffene.

Medizin mute eigentlich nicht Heilkunde, sondern Unheilkunde genannt werden: die Kunst, mit dem "e;Unheilsein"e; umzugehen. Die Zahl der Krebskranken nimmt ebenso zu, wie die Dauer der Krankheit. 80 Prozent der Patienten Praktischer Arzte sind chronisch, d.h. unheilbar krank. Immer mehr sind wir gefordert, mit dem "e;Unheil"e; in Beziehung zu treten und es so zu wenden, da neue Beziehungen entstehen: Zum Krebspatienten ebenso wie zu seinen Angehorigen, zum Gesundheitssystem und im Team der Gesundheitsberufe untereinander. Das Buch zeigt Losungswege auf. Der Patient ruckt als Experte fur sein individuelles und einzigartiges Kranksein mehr in den Mittelpunkt. Die verschiedensten Blickwinkel, Betreuungsansatze und ihre Vernetzungen werden dargestellt. Autoren unterschiedlichster Berufsgruppen vermitteln die Zugangsweisen in leicht verstandlicher Sprache. Neben Patienten kommen namhafte Krebsspezialisten, Psychotherapeuten und Ethiker zu Wort, ebenso wie Vertreter von Selbsthilfegruppen und des Pflegepersonals. Die Zukunft der Krebsbehandlung mu eine "e;Integrierte Beziehungsmedizin"e; sein, die Konzepte aus naturwissenschaftlicher Medizin mit denen der Sozialmedizin und Psychosomatik zusammenfuhrt. Das bedeutet auch, da die Patienten, ausgestattet mit mehr und besserer Sachkenntnis, das Produkt "e;Gesundheit"e; immer mehr mitbestimmen werden. Die dafur notige Information findet sich in diesem Handbuch ebenso wie Anleitungen zur Forderung der individuellen Lebensqualitat der Betreuer.

The quest for more reliable, more environment-friendly, more fuel-efficient, and more affordable products in an extremely competitive market appear as the driving forces behind the need for an integrated approach to mechanical design, analysis, and control. In this context, aircraft is being designed currently with novel electromechanical systems for the steering of its control surfaces - ailerons, rudders, and the like - while terrestrial vehicles are nowadays designed with active suspensions, to name but a few of the plethora of mechanical systems whereby an integration of disciplines is unavoidable. This book is intended to fill the gap among kinematics, dynamics, and control, as pertaining to complex mechanical systems, with the aim to ease the task of the design and control engineers as well as to assist the researchers in related disciplines in the analysis and synthesis of novel mechanical systems.

The volume collects the contributions presented at the second meeting on Unilateral Problems, organized by CISM and held near Udine in June 1985. It gives an updated account of the state-of-the-art in the field of unilateral problems, with an outlook on open problems and on perspectives of application to structural analysis. The topic is presently the object of growing interest and is undergoing very rapid development. One of the most noticeable characteristics of unilateral problems is their interdisciplinary nature; they involve sophisticated mathematics, fundamental questions in mechanics, modern techniques in numerical analysis, re-inspection of the present knowledge of physical phenomena, and engineering applications. This volume succeeds in collecting and coordinating contributions from all these areas. For this reason, it is an excellent source of information for researchers working in the field.

The solution of stress analysis problems through numerical, computer oriented techniques is becoming more and more popular in soil and rock engineering. This is due to the ability of these methods to handle geometrically complex problems even in the presence of highly nonlinear material behaviour, characterizing the majority of soils and rocks, and of media consisting of two or more phases, like saturated and partially saturated soils. Aim of this book is to present to researchers and engineers working in the various branches of geomechanics an updated state of the research on the development and application of numerical methods in geotechnical and foundation engineering. Particular attention is devoted to the formulation of nonlinear material models and to their use for the analysis of complex engineering problems. In addition to the constitutive modelling, other topics discussed concern the use of the finite element and boundary element methods in geomechanics; the dynamic analysis of inelastic and saturated soils; the solution of seepage, consolidation and coupled problems; the analysis of soil-structure interaction problems; the numerical procedures for the interpretation of field measurements; the analysis of tunnels and underground openings.

This book, based on the Fourth International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Technology - AMST '96 aims at presenting trend and up-to-date information on the latest developments - research results and industrial experience in the field of machining processes, optimization and process planning, forming, flexible machining systems, non conventional machining, robotics and control, measuring and quality, thus providing an international forum for a beneficial exchange of ideas, and furthering a favourable cooperation between research and industry.