Bøger udgivet af Springer

This book provides readers with an introductory overview of art from the perspective of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The author utilizes well-known and important works of art to demonstrate how STEM concepts apply to them. The book's examples include a structural analysis of Michelangelo's David. The author covers major breakthroughs in art history, such as the discovery of perspective. The book also discusses other important elements of art, such as color, from a scientific point of view. The author ensures that readers will understand the art terms used by comparing them with terms used in STEM fields of study.

This book thoroughly examines the design of full-duplex medium access control (MAC) protocols in wireless networks. It is organized into three main sections: (a) Fundamentals and preliminaries of full-duplex communications, (b) A comprehensive review of the existing full-duplex MAC protocols, and (c) Designs of full-duplex MAC protocols in three typical wireless networks, i.e., wireless local access networks (WLANs), multi-hop networks and millimeter-wave networks. Also, the authors extensively address key challenges in these three wireless full-duplex networks, such as the hidden-node problem, accumulative interference, and deafness and blockage problems. Solutions to these challenges are meticulously devised to enhance the overall network performance.The wireless full-duplex communication technique, facilitating simultaneous transmission and reception within the same frequency band, holds immense potential for enhancing spectrum efficiency and network capacity. It emerges as a pivotal technology in the sixth-generation (6G) networks. This book provides a comprehensive review and in-depth exploration of full-duplex MAC design across various networks, encompassing WLANs, multi-hop networks, and millimeter-wave networks. Acknowledging the challenges faced by full-duplex WLANs, particularly the hidden-node problem, it also introduces a pioneering hidden-node-free design and a MAC protocol design, which features a full-duplex enhanced carrier-sensing mechanism. Addressing the need to augment end-to-end throughput in multi-hop networks employing full-duplex relaying, the authors present an analytical model for end-to-end throughput and propose a multi-hop full-duplex MAC protocol designed to optimize network performance. Furthermore, the exploration extends to full-duplex millimeter-wave networks, delving into issues of deafness and blockage. A directional full-duplex MAC protocol is introduced to enhance network capacity and mitigate blockage problems. This book concludes by outlining prospective research directions within the related fields of study and offers valuable insights for future exploration.This book targets researchers and advanced level students in computer science and electrical engineering. It also caters to professionals engaged in the fields of wireless networks, full-duplex system, protocol design, and network optimization will also buy this book.

The book tries to answer the most fundamental question of whether there is a link between abundant food supply and economic growth with respect to a higher degree of human development. In order to have flourishing economic growth within a country the need for a food security system is a must. The world as we know is faced with shortages of food supply which has been a major factor in the country's economic development. The book is an attempt to understand the problems and current situation of food systems in the developing world. It focuses on the pathways to understand the challenges that it faces and predict future scenarios. The motive is to create academic literature to understand the basis of sustainable food security. The social, economic, and political factors become the main theme of the book. It focuses on the interdisciplinary nature of food security. Many a time we only understand the idea of food security through the lens of scientific nature but in the meantime, it forgets the other important factors that are governing the issue of food security. The inclusion of the cases section in the book helps to outline the current scenarios of the developing world. It helps to formulate a pathway or a way forward to understand the causes of food security. Food has now become a political context in the international system. The need for analyzing the political angle is necessary. The context of innovations and technological developments forms an important part of food security. The critique of existing policy systems across the developing world is a must need discussion as it is the policies that will make the food systems sustainable. Last but not least is to look at how the global food systems work and how far it has been able to fix the problems of food insecurity in the developing world. Overall, the book is an excellent interdisciplinary food security literature.

Medical imaging is fundamental to modern healthcare, and its widespread use has resulted in creation of image databases. These repositories contain images from a diverse range of modalities, multidimensional as well as co-aligned multimodality images. These image collections offer opportunity for evidence-based diagnosis, teaching, and research. Advances in medical image analysis over last two decades shows there are now many algorithms and ideas available that allow to address medical image analysis tasks in commercial solutions with sufficient performance in terms of accuracy, reliability and speed. Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is an image search technique that complements the conventional text-based retrieval of images by using visual features, such as color, texture, and shape, as search criteria. This book emphasizes the design of wavelet filter-banks as efficient and effective feature descriptors for medical image retrieval.Firstly, a generalized novel design of a family of multiplier-free orthogonal wavelet filter-banks is presented. In this, the dyadic filter coefficients are obtained based on double-shifting orthogonality property with allowable deviation from original filter coefficients. Next, a low complex symmetric Daub-4 orthogonal wavelet filter-bank is presented. This is achieved by slightly altering the perfect reconstruction condition to make designed filter-bank symmetric and to obtain dyadic filter coefficients. In third contribution, the first dyadic Gabor wavelet filter-bank is presented based on slight alteration in orientation parameter without disturbing remaining Gabor wavelet parameters. In addition, a novel feature descriptor based on the design of adaptive Gabor wavelet filter-bank is presented. The use of Maximum likelihood estimation is suggested to measure the similarity between the feature vectors of heterogeneous medical images. The performance of the suggested methods is evaluated on three different publicly available databases namely NEMA, OASIS and EXACT09. The performance in terms of average retrieval precision, average retrieval recall and computational time are compared with well-known existing methods.

This volume highlights cutting-edge research on Zero waste management and the associated effects of waste on the environment. Predominantly, it focuses on the challenges of dealing with the amassed production of waste and the cumulative impact of increasing waste on the biosphere. Different sections of this book focus on the comprehensive overview of the technological advancements driving the Zero Waste movement. Furthermore, it explores innovations in waste reduction, recycling, and repurposing, from a global perspective, examining the diverse cultural, social, and economic factors influencing the adoption of zero waste strategies worldwide. In addition, it discusses the challenges, and opportunities inherent in promoting a unified global effort toward sustainable resource management. Discover the latest breakthroughs in waste reduction, recycling, and resource optimization. This essential guide empowers you to implement practical, innovative solutions for a greener future. Whether a business owner, environmental enthusiast, or simply curious about sustainable living, this book is a roadmap to a cleaner and healthier planet.

This textbook introduces readers to a comprehensive framework for the application of deterministic optimization strategies in the field of chemical processes, with a strong emphasis on sustainability.The book establishes a vital connection between fundamental deterministic optimization principles, optimization tools, and real-world application instances, all within the context of environmentally responsible practices. The approach put forth in this book is exceptionally versatile, allowing for the use of many optimization software and deterministic techniques.Contained in the book are many fundamental optimization concepts, encompassing linear programming, nonlinear programming, integer programming, and multi-objective optimization, all tailored to promote sustainable decision-making. Furthermore, the book provides practical examples illustrating the application of these techniques within sustainable chemical processes as tutorials.The textbook also explores the utilization of popular optimization software platforms such as GAMS, MATLAB, and Python, demonstrating how these tools can be leveraged for eco-friendly process optimization. Through this comprehensive framework, readers can not only acquire the skills needed to optimize a wide range of processes but also learn how to do so with sustainability at the forefront of their considerations. This approach streamlines the optimization process, eliminating unnecessary complications along the way and ensuring that environmental and ethical considerations are integral to the decision-making process.

This book discusses opportunities, costs, and governance issues within the wildlife tourism space in Southern Africa. Wildlife tourism is a very important sector in Southern Africa. As such, the book discusses sustainable economic benefits local communities derive from wildlife tourism while also supporting wildlife conservation. It addresses several contemporary issues that have affected wildlife tourism, focusing on different countries in the region. These issues include international agreements such as CITES, the decline in wildlife species and reactions from the international community, human-wildlife conflicts and conflicts between states, indigenous communities living adjacent to protected areas hosting wildlife, and how to address these. As such, the book is a useful resource for researchers, tourism stakeholders, policy makers and students, especially those studying natural resource management, tourism and development and sustainable development in Southern Africaand other parts of the developing world.

This book explores and discusses how businesses transit from big data and business analytics to artificial intelligence (AI), by examining advanced technologies and embracing challenges such as ethical issues, governance, security, privacy, and interoperability of capabilities. This book covers a range of topics including the application of cyber accounting and strategic objectives, financial inclusion, big data analytics in telecommunication sector, digital marketing strategies and sports brand loyalty, robotic processes automation in banks, and the applications of AI for decision-making in human resources, healthcare, banking, and many more. The book provides a comprehensive reference for scholars, students, managers, entrepreneurs, and policymakers by examining frameworks and business practice implications through its discussions which embrace a wide variety of unique topics on business analytics, AI, and how it can be applied together to address the challenges of the digital era.

The two open access volumes LNCS 14574 and 14575 constitute the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures, FOSSACS 2024, which took place in Luxembourg in April 2024.The 24 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 79 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Infinite games; categorical semantics; automata and synthesis; Part II: Types and programming languages; logic and proofs; infinite-state systems.

This open access book investigates from a life-course perspective the individualization process and the challenges faced by young adults in post-collectivist China, where people are enjoined to "liberate" (jiefang) their individual capacities, to "rely on themselves" (kao ziji) and to no longer "depend on the state" (kao guojia). Based on unique quantitative and qualitative data, this book provides a solid empirical portrait of Chinese youths and transformation of social policies in post-collectivist ChinaThis book will be a great resource to students, academics as well as social scientists and policy-makers who wish not only to understand how, in such a short period of time, young adults and their families have managed to navigate from a relatively egalitarian society to one of the most unequal, but also how the articulation between socialist and neoliberal ideologies is reconfiguring social and economic relations as well as women's and men's life-course.The basis of the English translation of this book from its French original manuscript was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision and rewriting of the content was done by the author.

This book demystifies the topic of Artificial Intelligence for readers of varying backgrounds. The content should enable many people to discuss and follow ongoing developments in an informed way, to draw conclusions for their own life and workplace and to acquire the necessary new knowledge. The book strives to provide basic knowledge that will objectify the discussions and relieve some of the creepiness of utopian films. It must also be understood that research results are a necessary condition for progress; they are not sufficient until they can be translated into practice embedded in programs. This difficult relationship between theory and practice has been known for a long time.

This book concentrates on the famous Grothendieck inequality and the continued search for the still unknown best possible value of the real and complex Grothendieck constant (an open problem since 1953). It describes in detail the state of the art in research on this fundamental inequality, including Krivine's recent contributions, and sheds light on related questions in mathematics, physics and computer science, particularly with respect to the foundations of quantum theory and quantum information theory. Unifying the real and complex cases as much as possible, the monograph introduces the reader to a rich collection of results in functional analysis and probability. In particular, it includes a detailed, self-contained analysis of the multivariate distribution of complex Gaussian random vectors. The notion of Completely Correlation Preserving (CCP) functions plays a particularly important role in the exposition.The prerequisites are a basic knowledge of standard functional analysis, complex analysis, probability, optimisation and some number theory and combinatorics. However, readers missing some background will be able to consult the generous bibliography, which contains numerous references to useful textbooks. The book will be of interest to PhD students and researchers in functional analysis, complex analysis, probability, optimisation, number theory and combinatorics, in physics (particularly in relation to the foundations of quantum mechanics) and in computer science (quantum information and complexity theory).

This book explores toric topology, polyhedral products and related mathematics from a wide range of perspectives, collectively giving an overview of the potential of the areas while contributing original research to drive the subject forward in interesting new directions. Contributions to this volume were written in connection to the thematic program Toric Topology and Polyhedral Products held at the Fields Institute from January-June 2020. 16 original conributions were inspired or influenced by the program.Toric Topology arose as a subject in its own right about twenty-five years ago. It sits at the intersection of commutative algebra, topology, combinatorics, algebraic geometry, and symplectic and convex geometry. Polyhedral products are a functorial generalization of a construction that is at the centre of Toric Topology. They are of independent interest and unify several constructions that arise in a diverse range of areas, such as geometric group theory, homotopy theory, algebraic combinatorics and subspace arrangements.

This book offers guidance on capturing the creative forces of the faculty, staff and students at universities. Given their unique and central role in America and the world, it examines how university research, learning and service can be integrated to address the needs of society as it is both enabled and changed by technology. In turn, the book assesses the challenges and opportunities for universities to be more successful and impactful through innovation, viewing universities as integrated systems. It demonstrates how change can occur both within the "knowledge economy" and because of innovations within it. In doing so, the book provides insights into how universities can prosper and lead in a world that is constantly changed by the innovations that universities and industry jointly create. The book serves as a guide for higher education policymakers, funders, donors, board members, stakeholders and leaders (chairs, deans, provosts, presidents) through its systematic vision for university innovation and service to society. It will also benefit researchers studying innovation in organizations, illustrating how systematic approaches arising from management science and operations research can be used toward positive change. Lastly, strategic partners in industry, government and foundations seeking opportunities for partnerships and collaboration with universities will also find it useful.

Nowadays, sustainability is one of the main pillars for organizations' revamp and growth. Sustainability can be summarized as the set of actions based on the mutual respect of economic, environmental, and social interests. No action should be taken unless it simultaneously respects the interests of these three spheres.The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) developed by the United Nations for the 2030 Agenda are moving in this direction. Among them, reducing diversity and strengthening women's empowerment are the main targets of Goal 5 "Gender Equality."This edited volume discusses three main topics: Diversity Management for Sustainable Governance of Organisation, Innovation and New Technologies for Sustainable Development of Enterprises Led by Women and Agri-food, Fashion, Luxury and Made in Italy in Sustainable Female Firms.

This book offers a thorough review of studies on climate change and urban adaptation strategies and plans. It takes the moves from the identification of three primary barriers to adaptation, including the uncertainty surrounding climate change and its evolution, the complexity of human systems, and the widespread perception that climate change impacts are improbable. From this analysis arises the idea of the need to adopt a new approach to the climate issue: the soft approach. This approach focuses on the intangible and organizational aspects of systems and is proposed as a valid alternative in contexts of high uncertainty. It complements the structural (hard) option in response to emerging risks. Furthermore, soft solutions have intrinsic characteristics of flexibility, reversibility, adaptability, scalability, and cost-effectiveness, making them often low-regret and co-benefit. Based on these principles, the book suggests that a climate-wise reorganization of urban services couldconstitute an effective soft strategy to help cities tackle the impacts of climate change and investigates the potential for Urban Facility Management services to evolve through their integration with climate information. The concept of urban Adaptation services, which integrate knowledge and practices of climate services into urban services management processes, is an innovative perspective which stems from a reading of reality through the lens of specific needs.

Since the emergence of 2022's monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak, it has been the heading of news and research articles that MPXV is being involving non-endemic areas after about its 80-year presence in endemic areas. Efforts are concentrated on understanding how MPXV has evolved to cause an epidemic. The book provides a comprehensive compendium of chapters on poxviruses in different domains. It concludes that the main problem we should deal with is not to address how MPXV has overcome the distance between non-endemic and endemic areas, but it is the non-cooperativity of logistics, research, and science in managing poxviruses' outbreaks.

This open access book directs attention to the safety implications of disruptive, sustainability-driven changes in sociotechnical systems resulting from climate-change considerations in high-risk industries. It addresses not only the dismantling of currently prevalent systems and structures and the achievement of a stable future state but also the management of processes for establishing new practices in a safe and reliable manner without undue interruption of important functions and services.Leading scholars from various fields of research have contributed to this brief by analyzing case studies as well as through conceptual and methodological work. They propose strategies for coping with new kinds of risk at local and organizational levels. The oil and gas and nuclear industries are two cases investigated here. They present a challenging mixture of continuity and disruption and require strategies for coping with safety and sustainability issues at the same time. Innovativemethods such as real-world experimentation and computer-based simulation are discussed as means of investigating the issues at stake. Climate Change and Safety in High-Risk Industries brings together critical appraisals of the challenges that will be faced by industry, regulatory bodies and decision-makers in coming decades. It analyzes whether safety and sustainability are accurately thought of as competing imperatives or, rather, offer possibilities for a more cooperative approach to the necessary adaptations in our modes of production and consumption.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design, EvoMUSART 2024, held as part of EvoStar 2024, in Aberystwyth, UK, April 3-5, 2024. The 17 full papers and 8 short papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. The main purpose of this conference proceedings was to bring together practitioners who are using Artificial Intelligence techniques for artistic tasks, providing the opportunity to promote, present, and discuss ongoing work in the area.

The book discusses various aspects of the technical support of underwater archaeological research in marine and freshwater areas. This book considers the relevance, specificity, and artifacts of underwater archaeological research, stating the factors of flooding of archaeological artifacts. The authors describe the basic equipment for underwater work, as well as the equipment for remote study of the bottom and underwater archaeological research. This book presents the usage of instrumentation in underwater archaeology. Case studies included in this book correspond to the flooded ancient Greek cities of Fanagoria and Patraeus in the Taman Bay of the Black Sea, flooded Neolithic settlements on Lake Sennitsa in the Pskov region of Russia, sunken ships in the north of the Black Sea and sunken liner "Titanic" in the Atlantic Ocean. The book is intended for students, graduate students and archaeologists who are interested in the specifics of underwater archaeological research and are planning to conduct it.

The book is a true knowledge-enhancing project, dealing with the forms of rationality at work in social life, which are so many, varied and complex. Published already in Spanish and Italian, it analyses the role played by rationality through the lens of social theories in order to propose a problematic interpretation of human action. Since there is nothing more practical than a good theory when seeking to understand our society, the book reflects on the theoretical approaches that provide useful categories by means of which to understand and interpret individual, organizational, and institutional action. It proposes an analysis of a wide variety of classics by eminent European and Anglo-American thinkers, such as Dahrendorf, Mannheim, Marx, Popper, Weber, Habermas, Luhmann, Machiavelli, Pareto, Ardigò, Cesareo, Parsons, Schütz, Alexander, Bauman, Beck, Sennett, Antiseri, Boudon, Sen, Simon, to shed light on the relationship between rationality, difficulties in thinking and extra-rationality. Finally, the reasons for unexpected action are investigated as well as the strategic role played by ethics, rationality and skills in postmodern societies on the basis of the contributions of Nussbaum and Piketty.

This book offers innovative ideas and solutions from tropical fruits and crops for engineering problems. It covers a wide range of topics related to science, engineering, and technologies. The topics shared in this book enable practitioners and innovators to develop subsequent novel ideas and methods for solving engineering and technological problems for organizations to sustain its operation in global challenges.