Bøger udgivet af Springer

This monograph explores the participation of women in alchemy, chemical crafts, and the early stages of modern chemistry. By contextualizing their achievements within the broader social, cultural, and scientific landscapes of their time, this book enables readers to seize the challenges these women confronted and the obstacles they triumphed over. Alongside narrating how they shaped the development of chemistry, including their contributions to the body of chemical literature, it also emphasizes pivotal moments and milestones in the history of women's emancipation. The book's comprehensive and integrative approach, complemented by engaging storytelling, renders it an indispensable resource for students, researchers, and general readers alike.

There has been an exponential growth in the number of research papers published in recent decades in the field of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, making it difficult to identify the key papers that have truly changed practice in plastic surgery. This book provides readers with a concise reference source for the key papers that underpin contemporary surgical practice and covers all aspects of the specialty, with the content being helpful for both trainees and specialists to understand the scientific developments and pioneering surgeries that allow expert surgeons to practice as they currently do. By exploring the ground-breaking papers in Plastic Surgery, readers can gain insights into the evolution of the field and learn valuable lessons on how to innovate. For trainees preparing for board or exit exams, such as the FRCS (Plast), this book serves as an invaluable reference source and revision guide, providing access to key landmark studies. It presents over 50 key research studieson plastic surgery along with full analysis and additional commentaries from experts and world-renowned authority figures in Plastic Surgery. It provides a valuable perspective on why the study is important, constituting essential reading for busy professionals as well as trainees, residents and fellows, and surgeons studying for professional examinations while distilling all the literature into a compact guide on the must-know scientific articles.

This book presents children's literature as a platform for learning and helping young readers develop the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to thrive in an interconnected and diverse global society. It draws from various theoretical frameworks and research findings to implement critical literacy and culturally responsive teaching in the meaning-making process.The book focuses on global competencies and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as intertwined concepts that work together to foster a more sustainable, inclusive, and equitable world. Developing global competencies empowers children and communities to actively participate in achieving the SDGs and addressing the pressing challenges of our time. The authors set high expectations on children as actors in transforming society. To facilitate this, the book offers an overview of child development theories as a foundation for designing developmentally appropriate practices to extend children's books toward deep thinking and understanding. The book includes sample lessons that use cutting-edge research-based pedagogies and tools such as visible thinking routines and other approaches. Those lessons also help readers identify the Habits of Mind (HOM) children can develop by listening to and discussing stories. The HOM are attributes of good problem-finders and problem-solvers needed when confronting complex issues. The book provides resources and sample lessons that implement different thinking strategies to engage children in questioning and analyzing what they read, making them more critical. This is how children deeply understand the world and their role in creating positive change. The book aims to cultivate change-makers and global citizens through stories. It offers innovative approaches, including online learning options in accessible and engaging ways to help children think globally and act locally'Through the power of children's literature, this book serves a larger agenda: To build a more thoughtful world for future generations. By caring for and learning from one another through suggested activities in this book, they will share the riches and resources from across the world. As children learn about the promise of actions toward the UN Sustainable Goals, they can imagine living in an interdependent learning community where all people continually searching for ways to trust each other, learn together, and grow toward greater intelligence.' Arthur Costa and Bena Kallick, Co-Founders and Directors of The Institute for Habits of Mind

This comprehensive book portrays the long-overdue recognition of women's work in chemistry, which only materialized with their late access to universities. Besides describing their scientific triumphs, it unveils the human side of the characters involved, providing an intimate perspective, often supported by extracts from their correspondence. By delving into their personal stories, struggles, and successes, this book brings these women to life. Written with simplicity and rigor, it aims to inspire and educate readers of all backgrounds about the extraordinary scientific achievements of these trailblazing women.

This book, the third of 15 related monographs, presents systematically a theory of self-independent cubic nonlinear systems. Here, at least one vector field is self-cubic, and the other vector field can be constant, self-linear, self-quadratic, or self-cubic. For constant vector fields in this book, the dynamical systems possess 1-dimensional flows, such as source, sink and saddle flows, plus third-order source and sink flows. For self-linear and self-cubic systems discussed, the dynamical systems possess source, sink and saddle equilibriums, saddle-source and saddle-sink, third-order sink and source (i.e, (3rd SI: SI)-sink and (3rdSO: SO)-source) and third-order source (i.e., (3rd SO: SI)-saddle, (3rd SI, SO)-saddle) . For self-quadratic and self-cubic systems, in addition to the first and third-order sink, source and saddles plus saddle-source and saddle-sink, there are (3:2)-saddle-sink and (3:2) saddle-source and double-saddles. For the two self-cubic systems, (3:3)-source, sink and saddles exist. Finally, the author describes that homoclinic orbits without centers can be formed, and the corresponding homoclinic networks of source, sink and saddles exists.

This book, the sixth of 15 related monographs, discusses singularity and networks of equilibriums and 1-diemsnional flows in product quadratic and cubic systems. The author explains how, in the networks, equilibriums have source, sink and saddles with counter-clockwise and clockwise centers and positive and negative saddles, and the 1-dimensional flows includes source and sink flows, parabola flows with hyperbolic and hyperbolic-secant flows. He further describes how the singular equilibriums are saddle-source (sink) and parabola-saddles for the appearing bifurcations, and the 1-dimensional singular flows are the hyperbolic-to-hyperbolic-secant flows and inflection source (sink) flows for 1-dimensional flow appearing bifurcations, and the switching bifurcations are based on the infinite-equilibriums, including inflection-source (sink), parabola-source (sink), up-down and down-up upper-saddle (lower-saddle), up-down (down-up) sink-to-source and source-to-sink, hyperbolic and hyperbolic-secant saddles. The diagonal-inflection upper-saddle and lower-saddle infinite-equilibriums are for the double switching bifurcations. The networks of hyperbolic flows with connected saddle, source and center are presented, and the networks of the hyperbolic flows with paralleled saddle and center are also illustrated. Readers will learn new concepts, theory, phenomena, and analysis techniques. Product-quadratic and product cubic systemsSelf-linear and crossing-quadratic product vector fields Self-quadratic and crossing-linear product vector fields Hybrid networks of equilibriums and 1-dimensional flows Up-down and down-up saddle infinite-equilibriums Up-down and down-up sink-to-source infinite-equilibriums Inflection-source (sink) Infinite-equilibriums Diagonal inflection saddle infinite-equilibriums Infinite-equilibrium switching bifurcations

This book, the second of 15 related monographs, presents systematically a theory of cubic nonlinear systems with single-variable vector fields. The cubic vector fields are of crossing-variables, which are discussed as the second part. The 1-dimensional flow singularity and bifurcations are discussed in such cubic systems. The appearing and switching bifurcations of the 1-dimensional flows in such 2-diemnsional cubic systems are for the first time to be presented. Third-order parabola flows are presented, and the upper and lower saddle flows are also presented. The infinite-equilibriums are the switching bifurcations for the first and third-order parabola flows, and inflection flows with the first source and sink flows, and the upper and lower-saddle flows. The appearing bifurcations in such cubic systems includes inflection flows and third-order parabola flows, upper and lower-saddle flows.

This book, the eighth of 15 related monographs, discusses a product-cubic dynamical system possessing a product-cubic vector field and a crossing-univariate quadratic vector field. It presents equilibrium singularity and bifurcation dynamics, and . the saddle-source (sink) examined is the appearing bifurcations for saddle and source (sink). The double-inflection saddle equilibriums are the appearing bifurcations of the saddle and center, and also the appearing bifurcations of the network of saddles and centers. The infinite-equilibriums for the switching bifurcations featured in this volume include: Parabola-source (sink) infinite-equilibriums, Inflection-source (sink) infinite-equilibriums, Hyperbolic (circular) sink-to source infinite-equilibriums, Hyperbolic (circular) lower-to-upper saddle infinite-equilibriums.

This book, the 14th of 15 related monographs on Cubic Dynamical Systems, discusses crossing and product cubic systems with a self-linear and crossing-quadratic product vector field. Dr. Luo discusses singular equilibrium series with inflection-source (sink) flows that are switched with parabola-source (sink) infinite-equilibriums. He further describes networks of simple equilibriums with connected hyperbolic flows are obtained, which are switched with inflection-source (sink) and parabola-saddle infinite-equilibriums, and nonlinear dynamics and singularity for such crossing and product cubic systems. In such cubic systems, the appearing bifurcations are: double-inflection saddles, inflection-source (sink) flows, parabola-saddles (saddle-center), third-order parabola-saddles, third-order saddles (centers), third-order saddle-source (sink).

This book, the fifth of 15 related monographs, presents systematically a theory of product-cubic nonlinear systems with constant and single-variable linear vector fields. The product-cubic vector field is a product of linear and quadratic different univariate functions. The hyperbolic and hyperbolic-secant flows with directrix flows in the cubic product system with a constant vector field are discussed first, and the cubic product systems with self-linear and crossing-linear vector fields are discussed. The inflection-source (sink) infinite equilibriums are presented for the switching bifurcations of a connected hyperbolic flow and saddle with hyperbolic-secant flow and source (sink) for the connected the separated hyperbolic and hyperbolic-secant flows. The inflection-sink and source infinite-equilibriums with parabola-saddles are presented for the switching bifurcations of a separated hyperbolic flow and saddle with a hyperbolic-secant flow and center. Readers learn new concepts, theory, phenomena, and analysis techniques, such as Constant and product-cubic systems, Linear-univariate and product-cubic systems, Hyperbolic and hyperbolic-secant flows, Connected hyperbolic and hyperbolic-secant flows, Separated hyperbolic and hyperbolic-secant flows, Inflection-source (sink) Infinite-equilibriums and Infinite-equilibrium switching bifurcations.

This book is a solutions manual and study guide to the 3rd edition of Economic Growth and Development. It includes solutions to all end-of-chapter questions and model-based problems within the text. In addition, each chapter contains a reader's guide for students working through the main text, including objectives, discussion of sticking points, and main takeaways. These should prove useful to students and instructors using this book.

This book provides a comprehensive study of the work of M. David Merrill, a major pioneer in the field of instructional design. This book centers on his research on his second generation instructional design (ID2) theory, Instructional Transaction Theory, and First Principles of Instruction, which has had a substantial impact on the instructional design field. It's appealing to the instructional design research and practitioner-based communities who can draw on specific sections of this book to enhance their own work. It is also intended for those seeking to learn more about the relationship between the instructional design field, learning theory, curriculum studies, and lifelong learning/adult education studies. Through this critical, yet empathetic study of Merrill's 50+ year research agenda, this book provides an illuminating field of entry into a broad range of topics, both those that are central to Merrill's own research agenda, and into areas that extend well beyond his essentially cognitivist epistemological assumptions.

This book introduces empirical methods for machine learning with a special focus on applications in natural language processing (NLP) and data science. The authors present problems of validity, reliability, and significance and provide common solutions based on statistical methodology to solve them. The book focuses on model-based empirical methods where data annotations and model predictions are treated as training data for interpretable probabilistic models from the well-understood families of generalized additive models (GAMs) and linear mixed effects models (LMEMs). Based on the interpretable parameters of the trained GAMs or LMEMs, the book presents model-based statistical tests such as a validity test that allows for the detection of circular features that circumvent learning. Furthermore, the book discusses a reliability coefficient using variance decomposition based on random effect parameters of LMEMs. Lastly, a significance test based on the likelihood ratios of nested LMEMs trained on the performance scores of two machine learning models is shown to naturally allow the inclusion of variations in meta-parameter settings into hypothesis testing, and further facilitates a refined system comparison conditional on properties of input data. The book is self-contained with an appendix on the mathematical background of generalized additive models and linear mixed effects models as well as an accompanying webpage with the related R and Python code to replicate the presented experiments. The second edition also features a new hands-on chapter that illustrates how to use the included tools in practical applications.

This book argues that Descartes' physics was a milestone on the road to modern mathematical physics. After Newton introduced a completely different approach to mathematical description of motion, Descartes' physics became obsolete and even difficult to comprehend. This text follows the language of Descartes and the means of which motion can be described. It argues that Descartes achieved almost everything that later Newton was able to do--to describe the motion of interacting bodies- by different (i.e. algebraic) means. This volume completely refutes the received view according to which Descartes' physics was merely a kind of discursive natural philosophy. To make this interpretation more plausible the book follows Descartes' ideas from his early work in mathematics, through his invention of the analytic method towards his mature physics. It shows that Descartes followed a similar heuristic pattern.The volume appeals to students and researchers; it invites the reader equippedwith minimal understanding of college mathematics to follow Descartes on his intellectual journey through the Scientific Revolution. The reader will gain a deeper understanding of the role of mathematical language in the creation of modern physics and a glimpse into the fascinating world of Descartes' scientific thought. Several of Descartes' philosophical ideas can be traced back to his scientific interests and thus the book elucidates the motivation behind some of Descartes' key positions in the area of epistemology and method. In the penultimate chapter the book presents four arguments in favor of seeing Descartes as a physicist on par with Galileo and Newton.

This book illustrates effective decision-making in complex socio-economic systems utilising system dynamics and agent-based simulation modelling approaches. It provides practical guidance on the application of conceptual and numerical modelling and simulation for analysing economic, strategic, regulatory, sociological and ethical questions from a complex systems perspective. Its theoretical, methodological and practical illustrations will enhance readers' understanding of the application of simulation modelling for effective systems management. By virtually experimenting with alternative management scenarios, it will help them improve decision-making and control mechanisms.The book explores practical examples from the fields of pharmaceuticals, healthcare, finance, sociology, education and culture from a strategic, regulatory and ethics perspective. As such, it offers a valuable resource for managers, both at for-profit corporations and non-profit organisations, public policymakers and regulators alike.

This book guides the reader through the process of graphic communication with a particular focus on representing data and processes. It considers a variety of common graphic communication scenarios among those that arise most frequently in practical applications. The book is organized in two parts: representing data (Part I) and representing processes (Part II). The first part deals with the graphical representation of data. It starts with an introductory chapter on the types of variables, then guides the reader through the most common data visualization scenarios - i.e.: representing magnitudes, proportions, one variable as a function of the other, groups, relations, bivariate, trivariate and geospatial data. The second part covers various tools for the visual representation of processes; these include timelines, flow-charts, Gantt charts and PERT diagrams. In addition, the book also features four appendices which cover cross-chapter topics: mathematics and statistics review, Matplotlib primer, color representation and usage, and representation of geospatial data. Aimed at junior and senior undergraduate students in various technical, scientific, and economic fields, this book is also a valuable aid for researchers and practitioners in data science, marketing, entertainment, media and other fields.

This book provides a modern pedagogical exposition of the mechanical approach to statistical mechanics initiated by Boltzmann with his early works (1866-1871). Despite the later contribution by Helmholtz, Boltzmann himself (1884-1887), Gibbs, P. Hertz, and Einstein, the mechanical approach remained almost unknown to the modern reader, in favour of the celebrated combinatorial approach, developed by Boltzmann himself during his probabilistic turn (1876-1884). The brief constitutes an ideal continuation of a graduate course of classical mechanics and requires knowledge of basic calculus in many dimensions (including differential forms), thermodynamics, and probability theory, besides Hamiltonian mechanics. The cornerstone of the whole presentation is the ergodic hypothesis. Special attention is devoted to Massieu potentials (the Legendre transforms of the entropy) which are most natural in statistical mechanics and also allow for a more direct treatment of the topic of ensemble equivalence. In this second edition, a chapter is added that addresses the long-debated question of how the second law of thermodynamics can be reconciled with mechanics, by using modern methods of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.

This book reports state-of-the-art results in Computer Information Science and Engineering in both printed and electronic form. Studies in Computation Intelligence (SCI) has grown into the most comprehensive computational intelligence research forum available in the world.

This book presents selected peer-reviewed proceedings from the International Conference on Advanced Materials, Sustainable Energy, and Engineering (ICAMSEE2023), held at Ecole Normale Supérieure, University Moulay Ismail Meknes, Morocco, from November 27 to 29, 2023. The conference served as an exceptional platform for international and national scientists, professors, students, and industry professionals to convene and exchange knowledge in the fields of materials science, microscopy, engineering, technology, and energy. The book features contributions from researchers and experts, including keynote speakers, special sessions, posters, and tutorials, showcasing the latest advancements and developments in these areas of research.The topics covered in this book span a wide array of subjects within the realm of advanced materials, sustainable energy, and engineering. The forefront of materials science is explored, including nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, graphene,materials for various applications, environmental protection, advanced optical materials, thermoelectric and magnetic materials, and additive manufacturing. Addressing the energy demands of today, the focus extends to novel materials for solar cells, energy storage, electronic devices, solar and wind energy, advanced thermal management materials, and materials for advanced water treatment and desalination. Sustainable energy and engineering topics encompass energy policy, clean energy production technologies, carbon capture and utilization, biomass energy, building energy efficiency, smart systems for climate change, and energy efficiency in mineral processing. Additionally, the book covers modeling and numerical simulations in material science, encompassing model development, computational techniques, and simulations in both material science and energy fields.

With the increasing amount of various data types, machine learning methods capable of leveraging diverse sources of information have become highly relevant. Deep learning-based approaches have made significant progress in learning from texts and images in recent years. These methods enable simultaneous learning from different types of representations (embeddings). Substantial advancements have also been made in joint learning from different types of spaces. Additionally, other modalities such as sound, physical signals from the environment, and time series-based data have been recently explored. Multimodal machine learning, which involves processing and learning from data across multiple modalities, has opened up new possibilities in a wide range of applications, including speech recognition, natural language processing, and image recognition.From Unimodal to Multimodal Machine Learning: An Overview gradually introduces the concept of multimodal machine learning, providing readers with the necessary background to understand this type of learning and its implications. Key methods representative of different modalities are described in more detail, aiming to offer an understanding of the peculiarities of various types of data and how multimodal approaches tend to address them (although not yet in some cases). The book examines the implications of multimodal learning in other domains and presents alternative approaches that offer computationally simpler yet still applicable solutions. The final part of the book focuses on intriguing open research problems, making it useful for practitioners who wish to better understand the limitations of existing methods and explore potential research avenues to overcome them

This book discusses research and development on various degradation types and their mitigation approaches in electrochemical energy storage and conversion (EESC) devices, such as fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors, essential to realizing carbon neutrality and a sustainable energy economy. Corrosion and degradation of the components remains a major threat to EESC devices' long-term durability, and at present there is an insufficient number of book-length treatments of this topic. This volume brings together the most up-to-date findings from the research literature.

This book critically examines the concept of sexualised governmentalities, a framework for understanding the evolving discourse and power dynamics surrounding discrimination on the basis of sexual practices. Central to this exploration is the shift from traditional heteronormative perspectives to a more complex hetero/homonormative context, where the structure and organisation of sexual relationships gain prominence over the gender or sexual orientation of the participants. A key focus of the book is the concept of homosexism within the realm of gay masculinity studies. The author discusses homosexism as a form of discrimination experienced by gay men from other gay men, highlighting the influence of heteronormative patriarchal society on these interactions. It calls for a broader recognition and acceptance of diverse sexual expressions and challenges the reader to re-evaluate the societal norms around masculinity and sexual behaviour. Sexualised Governmentalities is an important contribution to the discourse on sexual identity and practice, offering insights for a more inclusive and empathetic understanding of sexual diversity.

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computing, Communication and Learning, CoCoLe 2023, held in Warangal, India, in August 29-31, 2023.The 25 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 120 submissions. The CoCoLe conference focuses on Application of Supervised Learning in Computing; Application of Unsupervised Learning in Computing; and Computing in Communication Networks.

This book integrates for readers three areas of knowledge, pertaining to risk-based project decision making: project risk management (PRM), complexity theory, and decision-making under deep uncertainty (DMDU). Readers will appreciate that in practice, too often relevant complexity and uncertainty factors are either ignored or overlooked resulting in epic project failures. The author discusses a variety of methodologies and a decision-tree-type framework to determine why, when and how particular methodologies should be applied to ensure project success. These include nonlinear Monte Carlo techniques, a dynamic adaptive methodology to adapt to external environment changes, game theory for devising robust decision-making criteria, systems dynamics and cost escalation modelling, as well as risk-based & economic-based alternatives selection methodologies. This book will be an eye-opener for many PRM practitioners, helping to increase their chances of project success by properly handling inescapable project-complexity and deep-uncertainty implications in specific contexts.

This book is the second of two volumes that aim to serve as a comprehensive guide for professionals working with neuropsychological interventions especially designed for children. This second volume complements the theoretical and practical foundations presented in the first volume by presenting applications to different clinical conditions and by exploring interfaces of neuropsychology with other areas of research and practice. Chapters in this second volume are divided into two parts. The first part presents a series of case studies, illustrating the practice and experience of neuropsychological rehabilitation and habilitation in different clinical conditions. The second part brings together chapters that discuss the interfaces of neuropsychology with different areas, which can use its knowledge and interventions (such as school neuropsychology) or which can be used as strategies within neuropsychological intervention or even compose inter and transdisciplinary partnerships in the work of promotion, stimulation, or cognitive remediation, such as the use and role of music, games and play, mindfulness, and transcranial direct current stimulation. So, chapters in this second part highlight the interfaces with other approaches, knowledges or disciplines. Originally published in Portuguese and now available in English, Neuropsychological Interventions for Children - Volumes 1 and 2 will be of interest to professionals working with neuropsychology in clinical and school contexts. It will also be useful in neuropsychology teaching contexts (specialization courses in neuropsychology and related areas) and for students and professionals in interface areas, such as Psychology, Education, Speech Therapy, Occupational Therapy among others. The translation of the original Portuguese version of this book into English was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

This book entitled, The Pearl Millet Genome, is the first comprehensive compilation of deliberations on history, domestication, genetic and genomic resources, traditional breeding, genetic diversity, molecular maps and mapping of important biotic stress as well as nutritional quality traits, whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics, functional genomics, genetic transformation. The economic, nutritional, and health importance of the pearl millet is also discussed. It also presents the input use efficiency and wide adaptation of the crop. Altogether, the book will contain about 200 pages over 10 chapters authored by globally reputed experts on the relevant field in this crop. This book will be useful to the students, teachers, and scientists in the academia and relevant private companies interested in genetics, pathology, molecular genetics and breeding, genetic engineering, structural and functional genomics, and nutritional quality aspects of the crop. This book will also be also useful to seed and pharmaceutical industries.

The second edition of this important textbook covers all aspects of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), from epidemiology, pathological classification and evaluation, and molecular biology through to diagnostic imaging methods and therapeutic options, including the latest targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Readers will find individual discussion of each of the various types of NET: gastrointestinal, lung, and pancreatic tumors such as insulinomas, gastrinomas, glucagonomas, VIPomas, somatostatinomas, PPomas, and non-functioning pancreatic NETs, as well as medullary thyroid carcinomas, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, etc. In addition to NETs, endocrine tumors such as thyroid tumors and adrenocortical tumors are also covered. The contributing authors are internationally recognized experts who bring a wealth of science and experience to the subject. This book will be an invaluable source of information for practicing medical oncologists, surgeons, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, and pathologists as well as for trainees in these fields.

The book is intended as a primer and discusses the main areas within judgment and decision making. However, these topics are not siloed. Instead, a narrative arc throughout the book has a higher level of critical appraisal of the key concepts and how they relate to some of the big questions about the nature of human rationality. The book begins by introducing two perspectives on rationality. The first describes how we decide on the goodness of a decision. This is a surprisingly recent concept called Rational Choice Theory, which was formed from a collection of books written around the time of the Second World War, that deal with how we think about risk as a probability and goodness as utility. In short, Rational Choice Theory argues that to be rational, people should always make the decision that maximizes subjective expected utility. The book goes on to describe the consensus view that emerged in the late 1960s and came to dominate our thinking about decision making, namely that people rarely make rational decisions. In fact, many Nobel prizes have been handed out for work showing that humans are not rational creatures (e.g. Daniel Kahneman, Richard Thaler, Robert Shiller). The book concludes with recent theoretical developments in our understanding of how people make decisions that reconcile Rational Choice Theory with human irrationality.Although aimed primarily at second year undergraduates studying judgement and decision making as a core component of cognitive psychology, the book will also be relevant to third year electives in and MSc programmes. The book will also interest undergraduates studying economics, and undergraduates studying more general degrees in liberal arts or natural science. As an introductory text the book assumes no prior knowledge of judgement and decision making, cognitive psychology or economics. However, the level of the book assumes that the reader is familiar with academic texts and has experience of critical thinking. A key requirement of the reader is a willingness to relate academic concepts to the real world, and to try and understand the bigger picture about human psychology and its place in society.

This book offers a comprehensive collection of introductory experiments in nuclear and cosmic ray physics utilizing Geiger counters. It features over 50 experiments with brief explanations of the physics involved, guidance on setting up educational and amateur experiments, and showcases actual results. The experiments cover the fundamentals of Geiger counters for detecting alpha, beta, gamma, and cosmic radiation, assessing detector performance, monitoring radiation in various environments and sources, conducting coincidence experiments, and applying counting statistics and analysis algorithms. Additionally, introductory chapters delve into radiation principles, interactions with matter, and the history of particle detectors, particularly Geiger counters. With the widespread availability of modern, affordable Geiger detectors and DIY devices, many experiments are suitable for high school and university students, aligning with modern physics curricula. The author has conducted some of these experiments himself over the past 20 years with third-year physics students. The book is also addressed to amateur scientists and a broad audience interested in exploring radiation phenomena. It features around 250 original illustrations and references to historical experiments and contemporary findings.