Bøger udgivet af Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG

Extragalactic astronomical objects, like galaxies, cover a broad range of mechanisms responsible for powering the engines of the respective galaxies: e.g., ULIRGs (UltraLuminous Infrared Galaxies), a product of mergers between galaxies that are supposedly powered by starbursts, AGN or a mixture of the two, and QSOs (quasistellar objects) which are powered by AGN. Since ULIRGs and QSOs show similar properties (especially the infrared luminosities) it was proposed that they form the early and late phase of an evolutionary sequence where supposedly ULIRGs are the dust enshrouded progenitors of QSOs. The study uses observational data in the radio and mm wavelength regimes and simulations to analyse the properties of a group of galaxies with active galactic nuclei (AGN) that have been studied at low and high angular resolutions. A sample of nearby QSOs was setup as representatives for the final phase, whereas the ULIRG Arp220 represents the early stages in the evolutionary scenarios. Arp220 was studied on larger angular scales to study the more extended emission and the merger of its precursor galaxies was modeled, whereas the nearby QSOs were searched for HI and H2O megamaser emission.

This book describes the development of a vacancy chain-based tool to simulate labour market ¿ows. Drawing on a work-history dataset covering the whole of the Austrian population, 'in¿ow-out¿ow tables' were established at both the national and the regional level in a breakdown of 28 sectors over the period 2003-2007. These tables summarise observed worker flows within and between industries, as well as flows between different labour market states. Assessments of the inflow of workers to different sectors and simulations of workforce absorption were performed based on the tables. Further, it could be shown how regional specialisation results in different patterns of sectoral job mobility when subjected to similar external shocks. The simulations were carried out on the assumption that jobs as a resource can be handed over interpersonally and so result in vacancy chains of opportunity. This approach explicitly accounts for sectoral interlinkages at the labour market in contrast to the aggregate-matching function which leaves inter-sectoral mobility in a black box.

High-order harmonics are a unique tool to investigate dynamics in atomic and molecular systems as they allow the generation of pulses with attosecond duration. In this thesis, high-order harmonics are investigated experimentally in temporal and spectral domain. In spectral domain, an interference structure between the two shortest electron quantum paths of the generation process is observed. These interferences are investigated with laser intensities below, around and above the intensity of barrier suppression. To enable attosecond time-resolved measurements, a versatile beamline is developed and implemented. Typical attosecond experiments rely on a cross-correlation measurement of the combined XUV / IR fields with attosecond resolution. Attosecond pulse trains (APT) are temporally characterized by means of a RABBITT (reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two photon transitions) measurement. These APTs are then used in an all-optical XUV/IR pump-probe measurement in a dense helium gas target. The absorption is influenced by a strong IR field. This experiment can be regarded as the first all-optical XUV/IR pump-probe measurement with attosecond resolution.

In the continued quest to reduce friction between mobile surfaces, that between the sole of a ski and snow stands out because of its long history of debate, the joy of skiing, as well as the notion that understanding of this complex issue may have broad, more general implications. For decades, a wide spectrum of parameters involved has been studied, and different theories advanced, that resulted, however, in only modestly successful guidelines for the creation of faster skis. The work presented in this book was directed towards unvealing the influence of the surface chemistry and structure on the tribological properties of a slider gliding on snow. Using a novel experimental test method, we find that more than the chemical composition of the bottom of the slider, the surface topology of it dominates the rate of descent, with the remarkable observation that at an optimum surface roughness range (0.2 µm < Ra < 1µm, Ra: arithmetical mean surface roughness) yields optimum performance, essentially irrespective of the material used for the ski sole. The observed results may be explained by the interaction of the surfaces with the friction-induced water films, on which the skis glide.

Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich um eine Metaanalyse nach der Cochrane-Methode zum atypischen Antipsychotikum Quetiapin im Vergleich zu anderen atypischen Antipsychotika in der Schizophreniebehandlung. Nach den Ergebnissen der 21 eingeschlossenen Studien ist Quetiapin etwas weniger wirksam als Olanzapin und Risperidon. Unter Quetiapin traten häufiger EKG-Auffälligkeiten auf als unter Olanzapin. Unter Quetiapin wurde seltener Müdigkeit beklagt als unter Clozapin, aber häufiger als unter Ziprasidon. Desweiteren scheint Quetiapin seltener mit extrapyramidalmotorischen Störungen einherzugehen verglichen mit Olanzapin und Risperidon. Gewichtszunahme und Stoffwechselprobleme sind weniger ein Problem unter Quetiapin als unter Olanzapin.