Bøger udgivet af Syrawood Publishing House

An aquatic animal is a vertebrate or invertebrate animal, which lives in water. They can be classified as fresh water or marine aquatic animals. The animals inhabiting salt-water ecosystems include corals, echinoderms, cephalopods and sharks. Fresh water ecosystems comprise of lake, river and wetland ecosystems. The salinity, nutrient levels, water depth, flow, etc. influence the aquatic ecosystem. They are characterized by low oxygen levels and slow diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Aquatic organisms exhibit a range of physiological and morphological adaptations that allows them to thrive in such environments. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to the biology and ecology of aquatic animals. It consists of contributions made by international experts. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for marine biologists, ecologists, environmentalists and other professionals involved in this area of study.

Human biology is the scientific study of physiology, anatomy, epidemiology, anthropology and nutrition of humans. Studies of genetics, evolution, population genetics and influence of society and culture on human behavior are also encompassed in this science. It is also concerned with the physical development as well as development of biological systems of humans. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of human biology and how such concepts have practical applications. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. For all readers who are interested in this field, the case studies included in this book will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding.

Statistical genetics is a scientific discipline that is concerned with developing statistical methods for analyzing genetic data. This field is generally associated with human genetics. It explores theories and methodologies to support research in the areas of population genetics, genetic epidemiology and quantitative genetics. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of statistical genetics and related fields. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards the evolution of this field are examined in detail. Geneticists, molecular biologists, computational biologists, researchers and students engaged in this field will find this book immensely beneficial.

Environmental pollution is caused when contaminants enter the natural environment and cause adverse changes. Pollution can be of different types, such as air pollution, soil pollution and water pollution, among others. Combustion, mining, warfare, construction and agriculture are the anthropogenic contributors of air pollution. Other sources and activities that prove hazardous to the environment include nuclear waste disposal, coal-powered petrochemical plants, heavy industries, burning of natural vegetation, use of pesticides and herbicides, etc. Pollution affects human health significantly and can lead to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, neurological problems, birth defects and cancers, besides others. The environmental effects of pollution include ocean acidification, biomagnification, occurrence of acid rain, global warming, biodiversity reduction, etc. The practices of recycling and reusing, use of compost, employing industrial wastewater treatment and sewage treatment are some of the effective techniques of controlling environmental pollution. This book unravels the recent studies in this field. Also included herein is a detailed explanation of the various causes, effects and control measures of environmental pollution. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Sustainability refers to the process that enables the achievement of technological advancements and the use of resources in a manner that meets human needs in the present day as well as in the future scenario. Sustainability builds on sustainable development, which embraces a combination of various environmental, economic and social factors. Healthy environment and healthy ecosystems are crucial for the sustenance of life on earth. The key strategies to reduce negative human impact on the environment are environmentally-friendly chemical engineering, resource management and environmental protection. Mitigation solutions are also available in effective urban planning, sustainable agriculture, transport, etc. This book unravels the central aspects of this field which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. It studies, analyzes and upholds the pillars of environmental sustainability and its utmost significance in modern times. A coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Agriculture refers to the breeding and cultivation of plants and animals to provide economically important products like food, fur, fuels, medicine, etc. Crop production has significantly increased due to advances in modern agronomy, plant breeding and use of agrochemicals. Animal husbandry has seen similar increase in outputs due to advanced breeding techniques like selective breeding. Some of the common agricultural practices include shifting cultivation, subsistence farming, intensive farming, etc. Currently, new techniques are being explored to make agriculture more sustainable such as organic farming, integrated pest management, regenerative agriculture and no-till farming among many others. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to agriculture. It studies, analyzes and upholds the pillars of agriculture science and its utmost significance in modern times. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.

Renewable energy refers to the energy that is naturally replenished with time. Some of the sources of renewable energy include sunlight, wind, tides, rain, etc. Adoption of renewable energy has resulted in increased energy security, climate change mitigation and economic benefits. The availability of energy is a major driver of human development. Renewable energy helps in facilitating this even in rural and remote areas of the world. Research is being done to develop newer and better energy sources like algal fuel or algal-derived biomass and artificial photosynthesis for energy storage using nanotechnology. This book presents the important theories and concepts that are central to the development of the technologies of renewable energy production. It further elucidates the cutting-edge technological innovations of recent years that have revolutionized this field. Students and researchers will benefit alike from an in-depth study of this book.

Microbial bioremediation is a process that uses microbes for the decay of contaminated media like soil, water, etc. It is a sustainable and cost-effective process. Bioremediation involves stimulating the growth of microorganisms with the addition of microbial cultures to the polluted media which then break down organic substances through oxidation-reduction reactions. Some popularly used technologies in this field include phytoremediation, mycoremediation, bioventing, bioaugmentation, etc. This book covers advanced concepts and theories related to bioremediation. It also elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary manner. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts. It will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field.

Plant biotechnology is concerned with the application of the techniques of biotechnology to manipulate the characteristics of economically important plants for use in agriculture. Some of these characteristics are improved yield, disease and pest resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, etc. In recent years, various innovative methods of plant breeding have come into practice, like marker assisted selection, genetic modification, etc. Such techniques facilitate the introduction of new traits as well as control over a plant's genetic structure. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the field of plant biotechnology. It brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of this field. This book aims to serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Horticulture is a scientific field concerned with the production of vegetables, flowers and fruits. Some of its significant aspects include plant conservation, garden design, arboriculture, soil management, etc. Fruits are commonly cultivated under the branch of horticulture. Pomology is a horticultural practice which focuses on the development and cultivation of all types of fruit trees. It also delves into their physiological study. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of horticulture, which will be crucial for the progress of this field. It elucidates new techniques of fruit production and their application in a comprehensive manner. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

A genome is the complete genetic code of an organism. The science of genomics deals with the study of genomes along with their function, structure, evolution and manipulation. High throughput DNA sequencing and bioinformatics have advanced the understanding of this field. Some of the research dimensions of genomics are in the areas of structural and functional genomics, epigenomics, metagenomics, etc. Genomics has contributed significantly to the fields of medicine, biotechnology and conservation. From theories to research to practical applications, all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. Molecular biologists, geneticists, biochemists and students will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

A flood is a natural disaster that refers to the overflow of water from water bodies like rivers, seas or oceans leading to a submersion of land. Floods usually occur as a result of an ecological disturbance. Various upslope and downslope factors contribute to the occurrence of floods. Abrupt changes in precipitation, sudden and heavy melting of snow packs, etc. can also result in floods. The impact of floods can be varied, depending on the intensity of the disaster. Loss of life, damage to infrastructure, sewage systems, roadways, loss of power transmission and water-borne diseases are some of the common effects of floods. Chapters compiled in this book discuss the impacts and risk control measures with respect to floods in great detail. Different approaches, evaluations and advanced studies related to the impacts and management of floods have been included herein. This book include contributions of experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights to students as well as experts.

Nutrition is the science that studies the effect of nutrients on the growth, reproduction and maintenance of the body, including health and disease. A healthy diet is largely achieved by the preparation and storage of food in a manner conducive to the preservation of nutrients and quality. Various deficiency-related diseases arise because of an unbalanced diet that does not consist of the appropriate nutrients in the right proportions. These include scurvy, anemia, blindness, goiter, etc. Similarly, many health conditions like obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, etc. occur when there is an excess of certain nutrients in a regular diet. Nutrients are of two types, macro and micronutrients. Macronutrients are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fiber and water. Micronutrients include vitamins and minerals. This book is a comprehensive text that addresses the vital aspects of food and health science. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. Scientists and students actively engaged in food and nutrition science will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

A healthy environment is fundamental to the survival of humans and other species of organisms. Environmental conservation is the protection of the environment on various levels for the continued sustainability of the varied ecosystems on Earth. Environmental management involves sustainability of the oceans, soil, freshwater systems and atmosphere. Some of the common practices to reduce the adverse impact of human activities include environmental resources management, environment-friendly engineering and environmental protection. Environmental conservation and management can also be achieved by living sustainably, through systematic changes to urban planning, transport, individual lifestyles, consumerism, etc. This book elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary manner. It presents some key concepts associated with environmental conservation and management while also focussing on the advancements made in this field of study. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

Fertilizers are natural or artificial substances that are applied to the soil or plant tissues to facilitate the growth of the plant by providing essential nutrients. They also enhance the water retention capacity of the soil. These can be naturally prepared or industrially produced. Fertilizers provide varied macronutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, phosphorous, calcium, etc. Pesticides are the substances that are used to control pests and weeds. They are classified as herbicides, insecticides, bactericides, fungicides, etc. depending on the target organism. Pesticides help in improving crop yield and quality. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the varied aspects of pesticides and fertilizers. Different approaches, evaluations and advanced studies have been included herein. This book is a vital tool for all researching or studying agricultural science, crop science and soil science as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.

Climate change refers to a change in weather patterns that lasts for an extended period of time. It is caused by a variety of biotic factors as well as due to human activities. Some of these factors are variations in solar radiation, variation in the reflectivity of continents, changes in greenhouse gas concentrations, plate tectonics and volcanic eruptions. The study of climate change also encompasses the prediction of climate as well as linking of the different causes and effects of climate change. This is important because climate change phenomena have been linked to the collapse of various civilizations. Some of the observed effects of climate change are glacier retreat, Arctic sea ice loss, global warming, etc. Mitigation strategies involve a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, reforestation, adoption of renewable sources, etc. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of climate change. The topics covered herein deal with the core areas of impact and mitigation of climate change. Climatologists, scientists, researchers and students will be immensely benefited by this book.

The study of crop development, growth and yield falls under the domain of agricultural science. It focuses on ways to increase crop yield through the right use of fertilizers and pesticides. A good crop production management system addresses both crop production optimization and environmental sustainability. Research in crop science involves developing strategies for improving cultivars, crop yield, disease resistance and climate resilience. The field also uses tools of biotechnology and genetic engineering in order to alter the genetic traits of crops and to produce a better quality yield. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of crop development, growth and yield. It provides a comprehensive understanding of modern theories and advanced concepts of this field. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Modern techniques of crop production, as well as the application of agrochemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers, have resulted in increased crop yields. Crop production systems vary with the availability of resources as well as with climatic and geographic factors. Some important crops include cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables and natural fibers like cotton, wool, silk, etc. Tillage, pest control, nutrient management and water management are commonly practiced in agriculture. Crop alteration through breeding techniques like trait selection, self-pollination and cross-pollination is practiced in modern agriculture to develop characteristics like improved yields, drought tolerance and pest resistance. This book highlights the central theories and practices of a stable crop production system. It also presents the modern studies and technological advances in this field. It elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to crop production. The content herein is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

The objective of biochemistry is to study the chemical life processes that are responsible for various metabolic activities. The primary focus of biochemistry is on understanding the chemical processes within the cell through a detailed study of biological molecules. It delves into the structure, functions and interactions of different biomolecules like lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. Biochemistry incorporates the tools of genetics, molecular biology, biophysics and chemical biology. The applications of biochemistry are in diverse areas of crop production, pest control, disease investigation and treatment, etc. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of biochemistry. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies in this area of study have been included in this book. It aims to be a valuable resource for biochemists, molecular biologists, geneticists, researchers and students.

Biodiversity refers to the variation of life forms on earth at the genetic, species and ecosystem level. It varies widely across the globe and from region to region. It is dependent on abiotic characteristics of temperature, precipitation, altitude, etc. Biological diversity exists at various levels. These include taxonomic diversity, ecological diversity, morphological diversity and functional diversity. Ecology is a sub-field of biology that studies the interactions between organisms and the environment. The study of biodiversity, its distribution and population of individual organism groups as well as the interaction between systems of organisms are areas of interest in ecology. It has practical applications in conservation biology, wetland management and natural resource management, among many others. The objective of this book is to give a general view of the different areas of biodiversity and ecology, and their applications. It brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of these fields. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics relevant to these fields.

Ecology, biodiversity and conservation are interrelated fields of study concerned with assessing, evaluating and maintaining the ecological balance of our planet. The focus areas of ecology and biodiversity are planning and management of natural resources, biodiversity maintenance as well as sustaining genetic diversity for wildlife species conservation. The interdisciplinary branches of evolutionary ecology, biology, genetics and ethology are studied to formulate conservation methodologies. This book provides the latest research and technological advancements in the field of ecology, biodiversity and conservation. It strives to provide significant knowledge on these frontiers and help to develop a holistic understanding of these fields. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts, ecologists, environmentalists and conservationists.

Veterinary science is concerned with the scientific study and analysis of animal diseases to prevent, diagnose or treat different ailments and disorders. It encompasses the monitoring and control of zoonotic diseases to prevent infection in humans. Animal diseases can be categorized according to the causative agents into animal bacterial diseases, animal fungal diseases and animal viral diseases. Some of the diverse topics covered in this book address the varied branches that fall under this discipline. It strives to provide a fair idea about this field and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances in this area of study. Scientists and students actively engaged in this domain will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

Bioenergy is generated from renewable biological sources of energy like bioethanol, biodiesel and biocrops like sugarcane or corn. Bioresources like agriculture, animal, household and forestry waste are treated with techniques of bioproducts engineering to develop energy efficient products. Bioenergy systems also delve into applications of contemporary biological processes for the purposes of electricity generation. This book provides significant information about this discipline to help develop a good understanding of bioenergy and related fields. It brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of this discipline. Environmentalists, engineers, researchers, experts and students in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Obesity, poor health and health-related disorders are a growing problem in the developing world. Nutrition is the science that studies the contribution of nutrients in the overall growth, development and maintenance of the human body. An unhealthy diet that lacks the essential nutrients in the right proportions can cause several deficiency diseases such as anemia, blindness, scurvy, etc. Excessive intake of nutrients can also cause health conditions and chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Appropriate exercise and diet regimes can mitigate these conditions. Research in dietary science and nutrition has modernized the approach towards health management. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of health science especially in the sub-disciplines of nutrition and exercise. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances in this field. Food scientists, nutritionists, physical instructors, researchers and students will find this book helpful.

The science of crop breeding delves into the study of genetics of plants to develop desirable characteristics. Modern crop breeding builds on the principles of molecular biology and genetics to replace existing and time-intensive classical approaches of selective breeding. This is achieved by developing innovative practices of marker-assisted selection, double haploids and genetic modification. There has been a lot of progress in this field and its applications are being widely used and studied. Some of the diverse topics covered in this book address the multiple branches that fall under this category. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. The book includes contributions of experts and scientists, which will provide innovative insights into this field.

Petroleum science deals with the study and production of crude oil as well as its refinement to a usable form. It is an interdisciplinary field that combines the principles of engineering, geology and mineralogy to facilitate the exploration, analysis, drilling and refining of petroleum. A lot of technological advancements in reservoir simulation, formation evaluation, well engineering, etc. have revolutionized the field of petroleum science. The ecological impact of petroleum has become a concern in the past decades and research is being undertaken to develop and adopt practices to mitigate the effects. This book elucidates the most relevant concepts and innovations that have occurred in this field in recent years. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, the book makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. It will be beneficial to engineers, geologists and petroleum engineers as well as researchers and students involved in this field of study.

Sports medicine is the integration of sports science and medicine for the study of treatment and prevention of physical injuries related to sports such as knee injury, exercise-induced asthma, fractures, etc. Sports medicine though not a specialty in itself, is a vast field and is essential to the development of a number of significant areas of science such as sports nutrition, sports science, physiatry, etc. This book is a compilation of fundamental theories and concepts central to sports medicine and provides detailed information about the essential techniques and methods of the field. This book elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary approach. Sports medicine practitioners, experts, researchers and students who want to broaden the expanse of their knowledge will be greatly benefited by this book.

Food contamination is the degradation of food quality due to the presence of harmful chemicals and microorganisms. This field encompasses the scientific study of food contaminants, their types and methods of entry in food. Some of the common food contaminants include pesticides, mycotoxins, arsenic, benzene, etc. The chapters in this book are compiled to provide detailed information about multiple aspects of food contamination analysis. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. Food scientists, researchers, experts and students who want to broaden the expanse of their knowledge will find this book immensely beneficial.

Volcanology is concerned with all aspects of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions. It encompasses the study of seismicity and seismic levels in volcanic areas. It also studies the application of geological principles and theories to predict volcanic activity or stratigraphic analyses to date eruptive patterns. Over the years, this sub-field of geological science has undergone rapid advancement. Modern volcanology utilizes various advanced tools of study such as satellite readings, seismic observations, and other geodetic techniques to understand and predict the behavior of volcanoes. This book covers a number of key concepts and theories central to this field to equip readers with detailed information about the diverse aspects of volcanology. Various advancements in this field are glanced at and their applications as well as ramifications are looked at in detail. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Petroleum is a naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbons found in geological formations that is refined to produce fuels like petrol, diesel and paraffin. The demand for petroleum exploration and drilling has consistently grown over the years, as petroleum is a major energy source. Petroleum exploration involves substantial geological evaluation through seismic data and subsurface analyses. It is being fused with advanced geomechanical simulations for efficient detection and evaluation of petroleum reserves. Drilling and production processes, are being modernized for maximum resource utilization, better affordability and low ecological impact. This book covers varied aspects of petroleum exploration, drilling and production in a comprehensive way. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. Petrochemical engineers, geologists, students and researchers will benefit alike from this book.