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Many people with orderly minds tend to see in the office and functions of the Lieutenant-Governor simply a copy in essentials of what they profess to find at Westminster and Ottawa. The truth is that no very exact parallel between the two major governments can be drawn, and when the Lieutenant-Governor is brought into the comparison, the points in which he resembles the sovereign and the Governor-General are found to be almost as misleading as they are enlightening. Great developments in all three positions have occurred in the last seventy-five years, and the Lieutenant-Governorship has perhaps altered the least. It is this office and its history which form the subject of this book. The study by its very nature must be one primarily of precedents; and Dr. Saywell has unearthed an impressive number to augment the few which have hitherto been common knowledge. The result throws a great deal of light on a controversial office which in recent years has tended quite wrongly to be regarded as negligible.

This volume is a sequel to Rions ensemble, a collection of stories prepared by the author and provided with exercises, vocabulary, and notes by the late Professor H.L. Humphreys. The exercises have been designed to further the purpose of the texts. For each story there is supplied a series of questions that lend themselves to oral answers and discussion; in addition there is a short exercise reviewing grammatical forms, with special emphasis on the verb, as well as a brief passage for prose translation into French. All words occurring in the text of the stories are given in the vocabulary, as are the variant forms, except for a few of the most obvious which occur in the later part of the book. Notes are included in the vocabulary.

This annotated bibliography of 322 items represents the first attempt to gather under one cover the information at present available about the multi-problem family, and the efforts that are being made in six countries around the world to meet one of the most difficult and challenging social problems of Western urban society. Professor Schlesinger's annotations of items published to April, 1965, include information from Australia, Belgium, Britain, Canada, Holland, and the United States, and he has scrutinized articles, books, dissertations, monographs, pamphlets, and unpublished manuscripts. This third edition includes a new essay by the editor reviewing current efforts in Canada to cope with the problem. In an introductory view of the subject, Dr. John C. Spencer attempts to clarify the concept of the "e;multi-problem family,"e; to assess the development and nature of our present knowledge, and to discuss the lines of future study and practice. He points out that families troubled by a multiplicity of problems are clearly not the problem of any one country; they are found everywhere. But there can be little doubt that higher standards of wealth and the high expectations of behaviours held by the social welfare services of Western society have brought to public attention a difficult and challenging social problem that previously has remained concealed. People feel both puzzled and angry and, above all, frightened by the exploitative behaviour of the nonconformist minority of families who take from society far more than they contribute, who fail to respond to the efforts of social services to rehabilitate them, who appear to transmit the same patterns of behaviour from one generation to another, and whose disorganized and often destructive way of life seems to threaten society's basic values and standards. Miss Beverly Ayres and Dr. Joseph Lagey contribute the first survey of programmes relating to the multi-problem families in North American communities. They summarize the steady, plan and operation of 143 communities in North America in relation to the multi-problem family, and the various approaches to treatment used in working with these families. This book will be helpful to social workers, social scientists, community planning councils, social agencies, schools of social work, departments of sociology, departments of psychology, and those interested in family life education. It should be of particular value to investigators who are planning, or who are now involved in, research in this area.

ONE AFTERNOON in the Spring of 1936, Claude Thomas Bissell, twenty, honour graduate in English and History, filed with his classmates to the platform of Convocation Hall at the University of Toronto and there received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the Chancellor. Twenty-two years and a few months later - on the evening of October 24th, 1958 - he was in Convocation Hall again, this time to make his pledge as President of the University.It is the purpose of this book to link these two moments in the life of Claude Bissell and to record his installation as the Eighth President.

Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries alcoholism was seen largely as a vice of the poor and its treatment rested almost entirely with the missions and the workhouse. The theory that alcoholism is a disease that can affect anyone regardless of social position is by no means universally accepted even today. Although in the last twenty-five years there has been a rapid increase in the number of public institutions for the treatment of alcoholics, the possibility remains that class status still influences the diagnosis and care they receive. This study observes a sample of patients of a public clinic, from their source of referral for treatment to termination of therapy, to determine the influences of class position on the therapy used in each case. The findings indicate that specific treatments are assigned along class lines. The authors of this study offer a number of necessary recommendations which ask for a more rational link between therapy and diagnosis than is currently evident in clinical practice. This is an extremely important and topical study, the findings of which are applicable beyond the treatment of alcoholism to the treatment of all behavioural disorders.

Man, Kant claimed, is a 'being of needs' that are not met by nature as man's due but only through his own strenuous and imperfect efforts. This book is the first to examine Kant's understanding of the relation between man and nature as it bears on his theory of right. It sheds new and important light on Kant's politics and on his place in the history of liberal thought. Its sustained consideration of the theory of right also contributes to a newly integrated view of Kant's philosophy as a whole. The Rights of Reason proceeds from a discussion of Kant's pre-critical understanding to a consideration of the critiques of pure and practical reason. The final chapter, a selective commentary on Kant's Doctrine of Right, explores in detail the implications of his theory of right for his politics and theory of knowledge. Students of philosophy, political and social theorists, and those interested in the history of liberal thought in particular and intellectual history in general will welcome this thoughtful and significant examination of Kant's philosophy.

Once called 'The Father of Canadian Poetry,' Charles Sangster was much praised by his contemporaries. His two major works, The St Lawrence and the Sagunay and Other Poems (1856) and Hesperus and Other Poems and Lyrics (1860), received favourable reviews in England and the United States as well as home. Charles Sangster's poetry reflects the cultural atmosphere of Canada West in the middle of the nineteenth century. As Gordon Johnston points out, Sangster was the first to look poetically at the Canadian wilderness; and although the poet sees it as God's creation, he also recognizes its dangers and terrors. As poet Sangster also deals with his reasons for writing poetry and the problems of writing. The two volumes reprinted here in the complete text have long been out of print. They will be welcomed by many who wish to read this important nineteenth-century Canadian poet.

The rapid, chaotic growth of Canada's cities in the late nineteenth century bred a host of social and economic problems that were most evident in Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, and Vancouver. The daily press soon made its readers aware of the perils of overcrowding, the appearance of slums and ghettoes, the threat of disease and the evils of vice, the greed of utility corporations, and the corruption of municipal governments. The recognition of this urban crisis led some middle-class Canadians to embark on a reform crusade hoping to create and ordered social environment. The urban reformers were very much the products of their age and class -- aggressively optimistic, self-righteous, materialistic, humanitarian but self-interested, romantic and pragmatic. They endeavoured to restrict the power and autonomy of utility corporations; to establish uniform standards of health, housing, sanitation, and welfare; to compel the submission of lower-class and immigrant residents to bourgeois norms of behaviour; and to rationalize and beautify the urban topography. Most important, they turned to the bureaucratic state to ensure the permanence of their reforms. Ironically, their ideas and techniques became in later years the orthodoxy of civic government, against which the new generation of reformers has begun to struggle.The twenty-nine selections in this book are representative of the variety of concerns evident in reform circles when the first movement was in full flower, from the turn of the century to the end of the First World War. They have been organized around four general themes: the debate over municipal control of public utilities; the efforts to make the city healthy, moral, and equitable; the desire for a planned urban environment; and the changing character of municipal reform schemes.

In this interdisciplinary study Henry Schogt explores the relations between linguistics, literary analysis, and literary translation. He offers an analysis of both theory and practice of literary translation and literary analysis in the light of contemporary linguistic theories. Various aspects of language are examined: sound, grammar, morphology and syntax, semantics, style, social and geographical variants from the system-oriented point of view of linguistics and from that of the individual literary text. Discussions of general problems cover the conflict between system usage and norm, the theory of cost and yield, and the nature of the linguistic sign. Questions more specifically relevant for literary analysis and literary translation are also addressed. How does one deal with sound symbolism? How does the translator cope with the problem raised by the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, according to which each language represents a different world view? Does the reader/receiver-oriented text analysis destroy the identity of the text and thereby give the translator complete freedom?Schogt reviews some happy and some not so happy encounters of linguistics and literary analysis, and concludes with an assessment of the prospects for a fruitful collaboration of linguistics, literary analysts, and translators.

Ernest Sirluck's life has been full of passion and, not infrequently conflict. His childhood and youth as a Jew in a predominantly Mennonite Prairie village, his service as a divisional intelligence officer in Europe during the Second World War, and his experience as a professor and university administrator during a period of dramatic changes produced a man of firm convictions and the ability to fight for them. His story charts his many battles: against antisemitism and Nazism, mediocrity and academic complacency, ideological zealotry, and government and union encroachment on university autonomy. But he is, first and foremost, an educator, and his autobiography provides an intimate intellectual history of mid-century universities, spiced with anecdotes about the many prominent educators he worked with, among them E.K. Brown, A.S.P. Woodhouse, Northrop Frye, and Marshall McLuhan. Born to Russian Jewish parents in Winkler, Manitoba, Sirluck, grew amidst the antisemitism of the 1930s. This was a particularly strong influence in his life -- the swastika-flaunting Canadian Nationalist Party, exploiting the misery of the Great Depression, had found a receptive audience for their Nazi-influenced propaganda in the German-speaking Mennonite community. During the Second World War, Sirluck interrupted his university education to serve in the field with the Canadian army in Europe. After the war he pursued his doctorate while teaching English literature at the University of Toronto, then was appointed to the University of Chicago, where he taught for fifteen years. When he eventually returned to the University of Toronto to become graduate dean and vice-president, he seized the opportunity to initiate an inter-university rationalization of graduate studies and library services throughout Ontario.Subsequently he was appointed president of the University of Manitoba, where a reduced level of public funding and the influence of a union-oriented government led to the university's general unionization and its first strikes. The special value of this work lies in the unique perspective that Sirluck brings to familiar and unfamiliar event and issues. His deeply held beliefs, persuasive analytical powers, and richly detailed memories combine to make this a fascinating autobiography.

There has been little analysis of the forces that have contributed to the rise of radicalism in Canada, or to the organizations that subsequently resulted. The ultra-left in the Canadian political spectrum, has been almost totally overlooked. This study is the first to trace the origins and growth of the Party during the initial decade of its existence. Its history is of particular interest because it is unique among Canadian political bodies in drawing its inspiration as well as practical advice from an external source: The Communist International which subordinated the Canadian party to Moscow and to the Communist Party of the Society Union. The Communist party is the only Canadian political body which can trace its origins to an epochal event such as the Russian Revolution. Soldiers of the International covers the origins and growth of the Canadian party in detail and shows that its programme and development paralleled those of other Communist parties throughout the world. Based upon primary sources, this fascinating account emphasizes both the importance of the first decade of the existence of the Canadian party and its failure to establish itself in these crucial years between World War I and the advent of the Depression. The author discusses this failure in view of the Party's unpreparedness and lack of support in the 1930's in conditions that ostensibly were ideally suited to its philosophy and programme. This informative account ably covers a neglected area in Canadian political history and throws new light on the facets of the political scene in Canada today.

The elements of abstract algebra have almost everywhere found a place in the undergraduate courses of universities, but this has happened to some extent at the expense of courses on geometry. Therefore a book which applies some notions of algebra to geometry, showing in a deliberately restricted domain their interrelation with geometrical ideas, is a useful counterbalance in the present trend to generalization and abstraction. This book should be of great value to students of mathematics in their second or third year at the university and be used by them concurrently with an introductory course on functions of a complex variable. It should give them a basis for the geometrical aspects of this theory and simultaneously help them to extend their understanding of the connections between some classical branches of geometry. It will also be useful to anyone, from pure mathematician to electrical engineer, who wishes to deepen his knowledge of the complex number system.

The basis of the book is the provocative thesis that the idea of progress results from the uneasy eighteenth-century union of elements of millennial and utopian thought. Professor Olson traces changes in the major elements of millennialism since the days of Hebrew exile in Babylon, of utopianism since Plato's reflects on the ideal republic, and of progress since the unlikely merger of these very different world-views in eighteenth-century Europe.Forced to re-examine the history of their people's relationship with God, the exiled Hebrews produced various interpretations of their past and probably future. The notions of a saving lite of history as a dynamic and periodized drama, and of an end-time at which history would be fulfilled all emerged in this period of crisis. Apocalyptic writings, the literary form of millennialism, came later in the book of Daniel. Olson views Jesus and his followers as millennialists and apocalyptic expression as a characteristic Christian response to crisis. Plato's reflections on the decline of justice were taken up by Thomas More in his Utopia, a society outside history valuing object truth and justice, where the arbitrary rule of the Tudors and the collapse of the Christian commonwealth could be avoided. In the seventeenth century a number of other 'rationalist' utopias emerged. Finally these two world-views, one historical and dynamical, the other rationalist and ahistorical, the idea of progress was forged -- history becomes blind necessity willing the betterment of mankind. This dominion over nature, which has seemed both realizable and desirable to many in the twentieth century, appears the ultimate end of progress -- yet it would eliminate human will. Olson argues that our only hope for dealing with the problems created by the doctrine of progress lies in understanding it problematic origins in order to begin a constructive critique.

The purpose of this work is to establish the relationship between the Romantic drama in France of the period 1829-1843 (circa) and the melodrama or "e;popular tragedy"e; which flourished in the second-class theatres during the first three decades of the nineteenth century. Since the essence of the melodrama of that period is found in the works of Guilbert de Pixerecourt (a fact which no student of French literature will deny) it has been thought sufficient to concentrate attention on these works and their connection with the Romantic drama, rather than to treat all or a large number of the many authors of melodrama who helped to flood the popular stage at that time.

The Canadian Political Science Association's 1964 Conference on Statistics was held in Charlottetown on June 13 and 14. The general theme of the Conference was Regional Statistical Studies. Twelve papers were presented and of these nine are included in this volume.

THE GOVERNMENT of Prince Edward Island illustrates the operation of an elaborate constitution in a small place. The same system which functions in the large and populous parts of the British Commonwealth has developed in a tiny and isolated province which boasts few economic advantages and a population of only 90,000 people, and has resulted in an unusual example of local democracy. The turbulent political history of the Island in the early years and the nature of her institutions of government have resulted, not only from the normal growth of the parliamentary system, but also from the difficult process of adjusting that system to the local environment. The purpose of this book is to outline the development of the Island's public affairs in the colonial period and to describe the political institutions and the characteristics of provincial government and politics.

Analytical mechanics is much more than an efficient tool for the solution of dynamical problems encountered in physics and engineering. There is hardly a branch of the mathematical sciences in which abstract rigorous speculation and experimental evidence go together so beautifully and support each other so perfectly. Professor Lanczos's book is not a textbook on advances mechanics. Its purpose is to formulate and explain these fundamental concepts of this exact science which started with the work of Galileo and led to the achievements of modern relativity theory and quantum theory. "e;There is a tremendous treasure of philosophical meaning behind the great theories of Euler and Lagrange, and of Hamilton and Jacobi, which is complete smothered in a purely formalistic treatment,"e; writes the author, "e;although it cannot fail to be a source of the greatest intellectual enjoyment to every mathematically minded person."e; To give the student a chance to discover for himself the hidden beauty of these theories was one of the foremost intentions of the author. He has led the reader through the entire historical development, included problems to familiarize the student with the new concepts and illustrate the general principles involved. For the most part, however, the author's aim is not to teach the solving of problems but rather to help the reader gain insight into the structure and significance of classical mechanics. The second edition adds a new chapter, "e;Relativistic Mechanics."e;

Under the chairmanship of one of Canada's most distinguished jurists, this committee has set out an important and universal statement of values relating to the rights of the individual and the university. It abandons the traditional university relationship to the student of in loco parentis, and considers faculty and students alike as "e;willing individuals, capable of judgement,"e; responsible for their conduct and its consequences. The report considers how these principles may be applied in such areas as activity by staff and students; membership in organized groups; residences; university campus publications; use of university property; university security services; administrative response to disorder and danger of violence; and due process within the university. In today's atmosphere of protest and response, this report should be standard reference on all campuses.

This volume attempts to classify poems in a way which would best show the range of Mrs. Leprohon's power, though in this sketch we have dwelt upon her work as a poet, it is as a writer of fiction that she has won her most marked popular successes, that she has reached the hearts of the two great communities of which this province is composed. 

A part of the Toronto Reprint Library of Canadian Prose and Poetry Series, this series is intended to provide for libraries a varied selection of titles of Canadian prose and poetry which have been long out-of-print. Each work is a reprint of a reliable edition, in a modern binding, and appropriate for public circulation. The Toronto Reprint Library makes available lesser known works of popular writers, and in some cases the only works of little known poets and prose writers. All form part of Canada's literary history: all help to provide a better knowledge of our cultural and social past.The Toronto Reprint Library is produced in short-run editions made possible by special techniques, some of which have been developed at the University of Toronto Press.

Two critical discourses central to current Canadian literary theory emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s: post-colonialism as a political paradigm and postmodernism as a literary practice in Canadian and Quebecois fiction. Sylvia Soderlind considers the current debate about the relationship between these two discourses, and proposes a methodology that makes it possible to identify and distinguish between features pertaining to the two. The theoretical question she poses is whether and how it is possible determine the degree of what writers and critics variously call 'linguistic alienation,' 'alterity,' or 'marginality' in literary texts. Literary studies of marginality generally focus on theme, but Sderlind shows that a text's thematic claim to marginal status is not always corroborated by its textual strategies. Her proposed methodology is used to determine when and to what degree a text's claim to marginality is justified, as opposed to when it is used as an 'alias.' The author draws on the theory of 'minor literatures' outlined by Gilles Deleuze and Flix Guattari and, in particular, on their concepts of territoriality. Their theories are combined with methodologies more immediately applicable to literary texts, notably the semiotics of Yuri Lotman and Boris Uspenskij and the deconstruction of Jacques Derrida. The textual analyses of novels by Leonard Cohen, Hubert Aquin, David Godfrey, Andr Langevin, and Robert Kroetsch yield some perhaps unexpected results, which are elucidated through a consideration of a wider corpus. This study opens up to an inquiry into the possibility of reading from the margin, a strategy solicited by certain kinds of postmodern and postcolonial texts. It concludes with some provocative questions about the postmodern critic's relationship to the literary text and its author.

In early Upper Canada the attorney general was little more than a skilled functionary -- the Crown's chief legal counsel; by the mid-nineteenth century he had become a leading member of cabinet and generally premier. Mr Attorney is the story of this transformation and many other aspects of the attorney general's role in nineteenth-century Ontario. A central figure in the story general's rise was John Beverley Robinson, a slippery zealot whose loathing of libertarian ideals drove him to flout the most essential duties of the office. His mishandling of the Alien Question and failure to check civil rights abuses discredited the government and spurred the first public campaign for 'responsible government.' His successors' failure to uphold the rule of law in the face of political repression and increasing pro-government violence helped to provoke the rebellion of 1837; but the discontents of the era were rooted not only in the corrupt administration of justice but in the fact that the law itself offered farmers little protection against exploitation by merchants and financiers. Moving into the Union period, Paul Romney explains how the attorney general acquired constitutional responsibility for the administration of justice. He reviews important procedural and administrative topics relating to the attorney general's responsibility for law enforcement: the Felon's Counsel Act of 1836, the origin of the county attorney system, the controversy over the idea of a provincial police force. A chapter on the post-Confederation struggle over 'provincial rights' depicts Oliver Mowat as a legal mastermind whose victory was the fruit of intellectual subtlety and tactical ingenuity. Turning to the attorney general's role in late nineteenth-century criminal and civil law reforms, Romney describes how trial by jury was compromised by the introduction of Crown appeal against acquittal in the Criminal Code of 1892. This important study of the office and the men who held it offers a fresh perspective on the history of nineteenth-century Ontario and illuminates the state of civil liberties in Canada today.

Mitchell Sharp is best remembered as one of the most unpolitical of politicians - a public servant somehow co-opted into the political sphere without ever acquiring a partisan patina. In this engaging memoir, Sharp contemplates the unexpected turns of his public life, combining narrative with reflection on the nature of public service, and the nature of policy over the forty-five years of his career in government. Sharp gives a vivid picture of what it was like to grow up in depression-era Winnipeg, where he put himself through university while holding a full-time job and trained as an economist at a time when the breed was scarce. Sharp's career took him into the Ottawa mandarinate in the 1940s and 1950s, then the Toronto corporate world, and then Lester Pearson's cabinet in 1963. Sharp's experience as a politician, which lasted until 1978, was not uncontroversial: within the Liberal party he spoke for those who found Walter Gordon's nationalist economics impractical if not misleading. It was a clash of different styles, and different ideas, of Canadian nationalism - a clash in which Sharp's ideas prevailed. Later, Sharp was the man on the spot during the 1970 October crisis, and his description of those events adds significantly to our understanding of what happened, and why. As external affairs minister from 1968 to 1974, Sharp reshaped Canadian foreign policy to decrease dependence on the United States by promoting a diversified economy with increased trade overseas. Sharp's memoir will engross any reader with an interest in Canada's political history of the last half century. Clearly written, and with Sharp's characteristic dry candour, the book brings the characters and circumstances of Canada's history to life. Sharp's reflections on the role of the senior civil service, on relations with the media, on the rise of the Canadian deficit, and on other issues should find a place on any reading list concerned with the nature of Canadian government.

Railways presented nineteenth century governments with political as well as economic problems: their inherently monopolistic tendencies were recognized almost from the start. Hence the widely accepted notions of laissez-faire did not apply. The book traces government regulation of British railways from its beginnings in 1840. Based on departmental records, the private papers of politicians and administrators, and the archives of the companies themselves, it shows how far state intervention could go even in an age of individualism. For the student of government, it throws new light on the process of administrative decision-making, the sources of legislation and the workings of interest groups. Historians will find accounts of the origin of administrative law and the working of the civil service in the last days of patronage. For those interested primarily in railways, the book shows the influence of government on the development of such devices as interlocking signals, block working and continuous brakes.

During the mid to late 1840s, dramatic riots shook the communities of Woodstock, Fredericton, and Saint John. Irish-Catholic immigrants fought Protestant Orangemen, with fists, club, and firearms. The violence resulted in death and destruction unprecedented in the British North American colonies.This book is the first serious historical treatment of the bloody riots and the tangled events that led to them. Scott See shows mid-century New Brunswick roughly awakened from the slumbering provincialism of its post-Loyalist phase by the stirrings of capitalism and by the tidal wave of Irish immigration that followed the potato famine. His main focus is the Loyal Orange Order, the anti-Catholic organization that clashed with the immigrants, many of them impoverished exiles.See presents an extraordinary profile of the Orange Order and concludes provocatively that it was a nativist organization similar to the xenophobic groups active at the time in the United States. Unlike other recent works on the Order, his book emphasizes the importance of the organization's specifically North American concerns, and questions the significance of its connections to Old World sectarianism.

Russia had traditionally been attracted to the Balkan region for strategic, ideological, and economic reasons. This volume presents an objective diplomatic history focused on five crucial years in the relations between Russia and the Balkan states from the Annexation Crisis of 1908-9 to the outbreak of the FIrst World War. Internal instability, political and military weakness, and the strong opposition of the other great powers, particularly after the Crimean War, forced Russia to co-ordinate her policy with the wishes of the Concert of Europe. She was compelled to collaborate with Austria-Hungary, her chief antagonist in the Balkans, in preseving the status quo, while she awaited a more opportune moment for an independent policy.Professor Rossos centres his study on the attempts of the Balkan states to combine and administer the coup de grace to Turkey and block Austro-Hungarian encroachments to the south. The jockeying for position of the great powers of the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente, which formed the nucleus of the alliances of the First World War, is an underlying theme.Vacillating Russian policy was torn over irreconcilable issues that divided the Balkan states. The Balkan nations created a system of alliances aimed at ending Ottoman rule in the region. However, their conflicting claims for domination of Macedonia undermined their short-lived unity and destroyed the Balkan system of alliances which Russia expected to serve as an instrument of her supremacy in southeast Europe. The author's familiarity with Slavic languages, Greek, and Western languages enables him to provide complete accounts of the activities of the period, including much new detail. The resulting work brings fresh insights into Balkan rivalries and Russian involvement in the peninsula.

Le Canada francais a ete observe par des auteurs comme Thoreau et Tocqueville, et a ete etudie par les historiens et les sociologues d'aujourd'hui, surtout par les Canadians francais eux-memes. Ces etudes, ecrites au moment ou se deroule la "e;revolution tranquille"e; du Quebec, veulent faire miqux connaitre les institutions qui y subissent des transformations rapides et profondes. La diversite des textes -- tous les auteurs n'appartiennent pas a la meme ecole de pensee -- est en elle-meme significative: elle soulingne que le caractere longtemps monolithique de la pensee canadienne-francaise est en voie de disparaitre, s'il n'est pas deja disparu. Les textes du volume sont precedes d'une introduction generale par Jean-Charles Falardeau. Il s'y pose des questions au sujet des institutions: quelles ont ete les institutions dominantes de la societe canadienne-francaise, et pourquoi ? Quelles sont celles qui ont fait defaut, et pourquoi ? Quels groupes sociaux one ete associes a telles institutions caracteristiques ? Quelles conceptions en ont-ils proposees, a quelles fins les ont-ils fait servir ? Ces interrogations permettent de mettre en relief, comme il dit, "e;certaines causes de nos retards et de nos elans, les decalages entre notre vie politique et notre vie culturelle, les relations et les conflits entre ceux qui ont constitue les elites de notre societe."e; Viennent ensuite des etudes precises et detaillees de quelques aspects de l'organisation sociale du Canada francais par cinq erudits distingues, soit Maurice Lebel ("e;Les cadres religieux"e;), Louis-Philippe Audet ("e;Les cadres scolaires"e;), Jean-Charles Bon-enfant ("e;Les cadres politiques"e;), Louis Baudoin ("e;Les cadres juridiques"e;), et Gerard Parizeau ("e;Les cadres economiques"e;).

The private non-rational pattern, the personal myth of an artist 'is in fact ... the source of the coherence of his argument.' (Northrop Frye) The critic must recognize that myth, or fail to understand fully the artist's statement and method. This is the basic premise of Mr. McPherson's study. He formulates the idea that Hawthorne's work rises out of a personal mythology, a hidden life in which his deepest interests and conflicts are transformed into images and characters. As Hawthorne himself said: '[An author's] external habits, his abode, his casual associates and other matters entirely on the surface ... These things hide the man, instead of displaying him. You must make quite another kind of inquest, and look through the whole range of his fictitious characters, good and evil, in order to detect any of his essential traits.' -- Preface to The Snow Image. Mr. McPherson largely ignores the externals to allow the character types, image patterns, and narrative configurations of Hawthorne's art to speak for themselves. He begins by reconstructing Hawthorne's personal legend as it is revealed in his writing and subsequent scholarship. He then turns to Hawthorne's idealized reinterpretations of Greek myth, and in part III he discusses the sombre tales of experience and Hawthorne's New England myth, and suggests that the so-called 'Gothic trappings' are essential parts of his statement. The author's research in this section produces surprising illuminations of many chapters and incidents that have long puzzled critics and readers.The image of Hawthorne that emerges from this excellent study is a radical departure from current Freudian, Christian, and New Critical views of his work. Hawthorne thought of himself as 'Oberon' (his college nickname). Mr. McPherson is the first critic who has entertained this idea seriously.

This is a study of British agricultural policy since the war -- during a period which has seen the adoption of a comprehensive system of agricultural support which has seen the adoption of a comprehensive system of agricultural support which stands in marked contrast to the free trade policy adhered to for so long in the past. The policy of support has brought a substantial increase in the output of British agriculture, but it has imposed a heavy burden on the taxpayer and has often been the subject of controversy. Mr. McCrone considers the economic issues involved: he sets out the implications of the present policy and compares the role of agriculture in Britain with the part it plays in other countries; he analyses the contribution of agriculture to the balance of payments and considers the prospects for Britain's imported food supplies. This involved an analysis of the main sources of Britain's food supply and the likely effects of economic development both on the exporting countries and on other potential food importers. The effects of the European Common Market are considered and the British system of support is contrasted with that used in other European countries. The book concludes with an assessment of the prospects for British agriculture and the part required of it in the national economy.

At current contribution rates, the investment fund of the Canadian Pension Plan will be exhausted before the end of the century. At an inflation rate of 8 per cent, the real value of today's private pension will be cut in half every ten years. The implications of these and related problems are explored in this study of public and private pensions in Canada. The analysis of private pension plans examines the adequacy of vesting and 'locking in' provisions, together with the broader question of whether the private pension system as currently constituted can remain viable in an inflationary climate. The analysis of public programs focuses on the financing of public pension plans, the income redistribution effects of the Canada Pension Plan, and the incentive effects of public retirement programs. A computer model which simulates the life histories of a large sample of Canadians indicates that the CPP tends to transfer wealth to those with a relatively high life-time income. This incisive analysis pinpoints the inadequacies of current provisions for retirement income and outlines the direction planning must take if the intentions of pension programs are to be fulfilled. The authors' conclusions have wide-ranging social implications which must be considered by anyone involved or interested in the making of public policy.