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The October crisis of 1970 opened a new chapter in Canadian history that was at once bizarre and tragic, unbelievable and terrifying. For three months Canadians knew only what the FLQ told them. Their communiques were almost the only hard news the public had, and it is their communiques and official government statements that form much of this documentary narrative. No useful purpose would be served by another account of the October crisis where fact and rumour, interpretation and polemics, were indistinguishable, as they were in much of the reporting and in many of the instant books that followed hard on the heels of the crisis. This is Quebec 70 as it happened, as the public and the governments experienced it, without the benefit of hindsight or the dangers of speculation.

Leibniz's theory of knowledge, unlike his logic and metaphysics, has until now received little attention from philosophers.This book attempts to give coherence to the elements of his epistemology, scattered as they are throughout his writings, by seeking to determine what Leibniz meant when, on three occasions and each time without explanation, he said that thought and the faculty of understanding are the products of the conjoining of apperception and perception. To discover what he meant is to arrive at his conception of what on the side of the mind constitutes the necessary and sufficient conditions of knowledge.Almost half of the study is taken up with Leibniz's theory of perception -- with its initially strange notion of perception as expression and as activity -- and with such questions as: What is sensation and how is it related to perception and apperception? How are the soul's perceptions produced? The answer to the last question involves a new look at Leibniz's theory of causation. In turn, consideration of the nature of thought raises questions as to how apperception can give rise to concepts, what different concepts there are, and what principles are operative in rational thought. Finally, the book examines the roles played by the senses and the understanding in the knowledge and experience of sensible phenomena.Throughout the book Professor McRae endeavours to give teleology no less importance than that given it by Leibniz himself, especially in the consideration of perception and of the possibility of the knowledge and experience of phenomena.

In the course of the sixth century AD a remarkable change takes place in the form of Western literary narrative. Dramatic mimesis, which in classical and late antique narrative had always been exceptional, and therefore a mark of the importance of whatever event it was used to represent, becomes systematic. The action of a story turns into a series of scenes described by a self-effacing narrator, as if we were seeing them take place. In this study Joaquin Martinez Pizarro focuses on the scene as the characteristic minimal unit, and on its elements: dialogue, gestures, and significant objects. The scene gives to early medieval narrative an extraordinary animation and vividness. But these qualities, which would appear to entail a richly visual form of representation, are combined instead with an abstract, schematic interest. The staging of each scene is clearly subordinated to a concept or point, and no more of the action is described than this overriding purpose requires. The style, at the same time dramatic and highly conceptual, realistic yet uninterested in showing reality, is of considerable intrinsic interest, and stands in marked contrast to the form of high- and late-medieval narrative. It has been little studied because its chief monuments are not vernacular but Greek and Latin, and not fictional but historical in a board sense. Pizarro draws on such authors as Gregory of Tours, Paul the Deacon, Agnellus of Ravenna, and Notker Balbulus to analyse the elements of scenic form, referring to Byzantine narratives of the period to supplement his analysis and provide a basis for comparison.

Tennyson's position as the official Victorian Bard and his popularity with his contemporaries did his posthumous reputation no good. The Laurel Crown identifies him with the myth of 'Victoriamism'. Besides, he was a romantic poet, introverted and solitary by temperament, and moodily musical in his poetic talent: his place as the Laureate must, a later generation decided, have been a bought place, bought at the price of his poetic integrity. Miss Pitt suggests that this is a picture out of focus. Tennyson was a successful Laureate precisely because he was a Romantic poet, sensitive to the terror of change and formlessness which law behind the facade of Victorian respectability. The Laureate passion for social, even for domestic order, and the sense of a moral and prophetic mission were not, in Tennyson, a denial of the mystical intuitiveness of his youth. On the contrary, they represent the attempt, though not always the successful attempt, to communicate to his own generation the sense of order in chaos which was the fruit of his own experience in the death of Arthur Hallam. Tennyson discovered the shape of emotional experience through experience, and this brooding over his own intuitions, the brooding of them into shape, is the secret of his method as a poet.

Readers of Proust are aware of the special place that metaphor has in his work, both as his passport to immorality and as an instrument for discovery. Countless books and articles have been written on his stylistic use of metaphor, but very few have described its role in the text's organization. Luz Aurora Pimentel begins with the proposition that metaphor should operate beyond -- or below -- the observable verbal texture of a narrative. Such an abstract level of functioning in the process of metaphorization considerably affects narrative structure as a whole and generates a sort of paranarrative, or virtual subsidiary narrative line, that must be constructed by the reader. To examine this abstract potential Pimental uses both theory and criticism. She divides the book into two major sections; the first examines the role of metaphor in narrative discourse in order to establish a theory of metaphoric narration; the second applies this theory to Proust's A la recherche du temps perdu. The author demonstrates a thorough knowledge of modern literary theories of metaphor, including those of Genette, Greimas, Ricoeur, Ricardou, and Riffaterre, while fashioning her own original view of the role of metaphoric narration. Her book can be read with profit not only by those interested in Proust but also by those concerned with literary theory and metaphoric narration in general.

Although some information on the physical abuse of children has been available for some time, the topic of sexual abuse has been neglected until very recently. This selective guide is the first North American resource to gather together diverse information on sexual abuse, including findings about incest, non-family abuse, the offender, legal aspects of sexual offences, and the treatment of the abused. Also included are a recommended basic library on the subject and a list of available films. Designed for educators and students alike in faculties of education, medicine, nursing, and social work, it will also be most useful for in-service training courses in health and welfare institutions and community college courses for para-professionals. Sexual Abuse of Children was selected as an Outstanding Academic Book for 1982-83 by Choice, the journal of the Association of College of Research Libraries, American Library Association.

In his career as corporation and constitutional lawyer, Methodist layman, Liberal politician, and internationalist, N.W. Rowell reflected and helped direct many of the forces that have shaped Canada. He was an Ontario farm boy who began a distinguished legal career in Toronto in 1891, and was subsequently associated with many of the economic and social movements which accompanied Ontario's transition to a predominantly urban society. A forceful spokesman for the Anglo-Saxon Protestants of Ontario, he tried to ensure that the new society on the Canadian prairies would be a 'new Ontario,' faithful to the older province's social and political values. As a prominent Methodist, Rowell led the liberal forces in the Jackson controversy -- the struggle within that church over 'higher criticism' of the Bible -- and promoted in Canada the Laymen's Missionary Movement program from the 'evangelization of the world in this generation.' He supported the church union movement from its beginning and was the most influential layman in the formation of the United church of Canada in 1925. Elected leader of the Ontario Liberal party in 1911, he led the fight for prohibition in the 'abolish-the-bar' election campaign of 1914. Not only was he an early supporter of political rights for women, but his advocacy of workmen's compensation, unemployment and health insurance, and mothers' allowances helped move the Liberal party toward the welfare state. Many saw in Rowell the logical successor to Laurier as federal Liberal leader, but his uncompromising commitment to conscription during the First World War made him unacceptable, especially to French Canadians. In 1917, in the interests of a more vigorous war effort, he joined Sir Robert Borden's Union Government to become one of its most influential members as an energetic exponent of imperialism and Canadian nationalism. After being part of Canada's delegation to the first Assembly of the League of Nations in 1920, he became the foremost advocate of an active foreign policy for Canada, both in public lectures and in helping to found the League of Nations Society and the Canadian Institute of International Affairs. In 1936 he was appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court of Ontario and the next year was named to head the most prestigious royal commission in Canadian history, established to examine dominion-provincial relations. This is the first account of the life and activities of the man who, in the judgement of Harold Innis, was 'our greatest Canadian.'

By John Ruskin's own account, 1858 was a turning-point in his life -- the year in which he turned away from his evangelical upbringing toward a more humanistic attitude. The 132 letters included in this volume were written during Ruskin's four-month tour of France, Switzerland, and Northern Italy and all but eleven are addressed to this father to whom he wrote almost daily, intending that the letters would form his diary. They provide not only a detailed record of his experiences at this significant point in his life, but also a revealing glimpse of his social and political awareness in his comments on current affairs. His delight in the physical pleasures of life in Turin, where he stayed for six weeks, reveals a different aspect of his developing humanistic concern. More than anything else, however, these letters illuminate Ruskin's relationship with his father. The speed with which letters passed between them permitted an exchange of attitudes and ideas impossible in their earlier correspondence. The letters reveal that the disagreement on political and social issues that was later to affect their relationship had not yet occurred -- though the possibility of dissension is present in the intensity of feeling displayed by the elder Ruskin for his son. (Passages from John James Ruskin's letters are included in the notes.) They also reveal Ruskin's concern with the drawings he made on this tour, a number of which are reproduced in this volume.

Modern men regard themselves as essentially historical beings who are free to make themselves and their world through the power of modern science and technology. In these conceptions of history and freedom which dominate modern thinking lies a dilemma. Joan O'Donovan explores George Grant's thought about this dilemma and the possibilities of political action and reflection in our age.She finds that Grant regards man's historical self-consciousness at the basis of the crisis in the public realm, for it excludes the formative Western traditions of freedom and justice which are rooted in Biblical Christianity and Greek philosophy. The problem posed for political philosophy today by the eclipse of this Western heritage is the controlling problem of history in Grant's work.The author examines the various phases of Grant's formulation of the problem of history over several decades in light of his intellectual influences and public involvements. She shows how his early patriotic and conservative allegiances give way in the '50s to a concern with recovering the Western tradition of freedom in tis theological and philosophical unity, an how this concern receives its most optimist statement in the cautious Hegelianism of Philosophy in the Mass Age (1959). She looks at the dissolution of Grant's liberal synthesis under the impact of the writings of Leo Strauss and interprets the ironies and ambiguities of Grant's pessimism in the essays of Technology and Empire (1969) and English-Speaking Justice (1974) which were inspired by his reading of Nietzsche and Heidegger, and draws out the elements of his tragic historical vision. Finally, she subjects Grant's thinking about history to theological criticism, setting out some theoretical alternatives to historicism within Christian political thought.

One answer to unemployment is to spread available opportunities among more people. This book examines the advantages and disadvantages for labour, management, and government of two related types of innovative work arrangements: worksharing - the shortening of the work week to prevent layoffs; and jobsharing - the conversion of full-time jobs into permanent part-time positions to suit changing employee preferences.The effect of such a plan is studied in relation to costs to the government, unemployment rates, work incentives, and employer's labour costs. The impact on junior and senior employees, and on the union, is also considered. In relation to jobsharing, the authors predict a continuing increase in the number of persons preferring permanent part-time employment. This comes from the rising number of multiple-earner families, changing values about male and female roles in the labour force, and the desire for a more flexible and gradual approach to retirement. The authors conclude with recommendation for policy changes to encourage worksharing and accommodate jobsharing.

The reconnaissances of this book are ventures in the deep analysis of the unconscious as testified to by world ethnography. The topics examined are the image of the half-man, the operation of analogical classification, and ideas about sovereign powers to which men conceive themselves as subject. In each case, analysis brings out remarkable uniformities on a global scale. These cultural similarities are not correlated with particular social forms or linguistic traditions, and in their characteristics features they are not the products of deliberate cogitation or creative invention. The formal attributes they share are that they are premised on binary opposition and symmetry. The argument is that, intrinsically, the social facts in question are spontaneous products of unconscious 'cerebrational vectors,' and that they are archetypes of human experience.The three studies included in the volume, originally delivered as lectures at the University of Toronto in 1978, form an important sequel to Needham's previous book, Primordial Characters, and further develop certain of its analytical themes and substantive issues.

In 1821, British Columbia was the exclusive domain of an independent Native population and the Hudson's Bay Company. By te time it entered Confederation some fifty years later, a British colonial government was firmly in place. In this book Tina Loo recounts the shaping of the new regime.The history of pre-Confederation British Columbia is rich in lore and tales of adventure surrounding the fur trade, conflict between settlers and the Hudson's Bay Company, and, above all, the gold rush. Loo takes the familiar themes as a starting-point for fresh investigation. Her inquiry moves from the disciplinary practices of the Hudson's Bay Company, through the establishment of cuorts in the gold fields, to conflicts over the rule of juries and the nature of property. By detailing specific incidents and then drawing from a wife historical field to sketch in new background, she hs revised established hsitory. Loo structures her analysis of events around the discourse of laissez-faire liberalism and shows how this discourse styled the law and order of the period. She writes with wit and elegance, bringing life to even the most technical aspects of her investigation. This is the first comprehensive legal history of British Columbia before Confederation.

In this memoir Kay Macpherson, the respected feminist, pacifist, and political activist, takes a delightful look back at a rich and fascinating life, dedicated to the principles of women's rights and social justice, and to an unshakeable conviction that women working together can change the world, and have a marvellous time in the process. Born in Englad in 1913, Macpherson immigrated to Canada in 1935. Nine years later she married C.B. Macpherson, then in the early years of his distinguished career as a political philosopher, and together they raised three children. In the late 1940s, a busy mother and academic wife, Macpherson joined the Association of Women Electors. Eventually she served as its national president, an office she held also with the Voice of Women and later with the National Action Committee on the Status of Women. She ran several times as a federal candidate for the NDP. She travelled the world as an advocate of women's rights, and spent most of her time in Canada in the consuming work of social change: organizing, demonstrating, writing letters, giving speeches, and, above all, meeting. From their meetings Macpherson and her colleagues moved into the streets, into Parliament, and, eventually, into history, witho ne of the most important achievements for Canadian women int he twentieth century: the celebrated equality clause in the Constitution of 1982.Macpherson's story is the story of second-wave feminism in Canada, which cut across party, class, and language lines, and was characterized by a tremendous sense of unity and of hope. It is also a candid account of family stresses, including strained relations with her children, the death of her husband in 1987, and that of her son two years later. Kay Macpherson remains unshaken in her commitment to the grass-roots action. On receiving the Order of Canada in 1982, she was asked by the Governor General what she had been up to lately. 'Revolution,' she replied.

Published in four editions between 1907 and 1916, this book is a passionate statement on behalf of the Protestant farmers of Quebec -- particularly those of the Eastern Townships -- and remains to this day one of the most controversial politico-religious tracts ever circulated in Canada. Sellar opposed the gradual taking over of the Townships by Roman Catholic farmers and the subsequent 'English exodus.'To its detractors The Tragedy of Quebec represented the quintessence of Anglo-Saxon francophobia and Protestant bigotry. Its adherents saw it as a timely warning of the threat to Canada's British integrity inherent in the power of the French-Catholic ecclesiastical establishment of Quebec. The Toronto Evening Telegram remarked: 'Mr Sellar has written a book that should be as deadly an enemy to ecclesiastical privilege in Canada as "e;Uncle Tom's Cabin"e; was to slavery in the United States,' while the Montreal journal Canada dismissed Sellar's anti-Catholic polemic as 'les "e;novissima verba"e; d'un homme fatigu de lutter, de penser, et d'esprer.' But the Montreal Herald cautioned, as controversy over the book mounted, that 'possibly it should be read only by those who have the balanced judgement necessary to resist being carried away, whether into enthusiastic acceptance or into violent hostility, by the picture presented.' That The Tragedy of Quebec should be read answer is fitting, for there is probably no better guide to the principles, prejudices, and passions that animated British-Protestant Canada in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Called 'the handbook of civil rights for Canadians,' its bigotry was that of the age, and requires understanding. This book gives the reader the necessary understanding and places in historical perspective the legacy of a conflict which still troubles Canada today.

The story of Charles Mair is that of a man who has been almost forgotten by modern Canada. He is usually studied (when he is studied at all) by historians, mainly because of the part he played in the Riel uprising of 1869-70. However, during the nearly ninety years of his life Mair also made contributions to Canadian letters, including the first significant collection of Canadian verse, published in 1868, and it is with this aspect of his career that Professor Shrive is concerned. A man with considerable faith in the future of his country, Mair lived long enough to see a good part of that faith justified; this fact provides an interesting contrast with other Canadian poets like Roberts and Carman who went to the United States, and with Lampman, whose early death prevented his seeing any fulfilment of his youthful hopes for himself, his country, or its literature. Mair, on the other hand, offers an ideal illustration of the struggle of post-Confederation letters for survival and recognition. Even when he is revealed as a previous fool and a bad poet, Mair provides a singularly striking parallel to the aspiration and frustration, success and failure -- even the tragedy -- which marked that struggle. In this critical study, which for the first time places Mair in perspective among other literary figures, Professor Shrive strikes a balance between those publications which have tended towards the extreme of regarding Mair as "e;a great singer of Canadian nationhood,"e; and the other extreme which ignores his literary achievements and concentrates instead on his relatively brief involvement in a political struggle.

Most of Colingwood's critics agree that his thought is plagued by radical discontinuities. In particular they believe that, sometime between 1936 and 1939, he underwent a conversion from 'idealism' to 'radical historicism' -- represented by an unpublished but widely publicized declaration in 1939 that 'philosophy as a separate discipline is liquidated by being converted into history.'Against this Professor Rubinoff argues that Collingwood's later thought is a dialectical outcome of his early thought, and that the rapprochement between the various forms of knowledge (philosophy, history, science, religion, and art) which it had been Collingwood's intention to achieve in his early works is not betrayed but fulfilled in his writings after 1936. He thus provides a new conceptual framework which views the whole of Collingwood's system, and in particular, his 'Reform of Metaphysics,' as an expression of the programme laid out in Speculum Mentis (1924). Colingwood's writings are represented; in accordance with his own conception of a philosophical system, as a dialectical 'scale of forms,' a scale which has its origin in the structure of consciousness, or mind, and which it its very conception admits of differences and tensions as well as of continuities. Once viewed through this new conceptual framework the apparent discrepancies emerge as systematic differences, having their origin in the very dialectical growth of philosophy as Collingwood himself conceived it. The controversy over Collingwood's alleged conversion is further resolved by presenting his thought as a species of 'transcendental' historicism. This provides a basis for a reunification of the various forms of knowledge, action, and being. The 'reform of metaphysics' is thus an attempt to comprehend the transcendental structure of reality which manifests itself in such diverse and historically changing modes of expression as art, religion, science, and history, each of which is itself a product of continuous historical development. The result is a concept of philosophical method as a dialectic of questioning and explicating presuppositions rather than as a methodology for the validation or verification of propositions. Collingwood's philosophy of mind is shown to derive from a transcendental metaphysic which defines truth and reality as a dialectically creative experience -- an experience which is constituted entirely within the life of mind, and which is encountered, not in propositions, but in the very activity of questioning itself. The goal of philosophy, thus, lies not so much in the discovery of answers as in the raising of new questions. This in turn occasions the possibility for distinctively new experiences of reality, and expressions of truth, and forces the dialectical development of mind toward higher and higher levels of self-realization.

From behind the close doors of Meech Lake comes this insider's account of the negotiations that put Canada's future on the line. Patrick J. Monahan was there throughout the negotiations that began in the fall of 1986 and culminated in the week-long meeting of First Ministers in June 1990, after which the accord failed to be ratified. He tells a compelling story of deals and dealmakers, compromise and confrontation. Many in English Canada believe that at Meech Lake the federal government sold out to the provinces, especially to Quebec, and that by conducting negotiations behind closed doors the government acted illegitimately. Not so, says Monahan. Far from being a sell-out, Meech represented a reasonable compromise between competing positions. Going back to the initial position put forward by the Bourassa government in 1986 he shows how that position was modified in the course of the negotiations. And closed doors, he argues, were essential in ensuring effective bargaining. There could have been no agreement without them. Now, in the middle of 1991, Canada is once again negotiating its future existence. There are vital lessons to be learned from the Meech Lake round; Monahan articulates some of those lessons, and indicates how they ought to figure in the current process. Canadians, he argues, ignore them at their country's peril.

Certain regions of Canada suffer chronically from social and economic underdevelopment. Economists, geographers, and sociologists have written voluminously about the problem; politicians and policy-makers have mounted grand schemes in a vain effort to rectify imbalances; and planners have created and implemented programs in order to satisfy political exigencies, vested power elites, or the discontent of the Canadian citizens who inhabit these regions. Matthews, in a lucid, systematic analysis of regionalism and regional underdevelopment in Canada (particularly Atlantic Canada), takes us through the academic cant, political puffery, and bureaucratic bumbling to show how regional disparity and regional underdevelopment are the result of exploitation by powerful central Canadian interests - often acting in concert with and aided by the federal government, and too often armed with theoretical models and justifications designed by 'establishment' economists to legitimate their self-interests.He provides a devastating critique of the neo-classical economic and other models that have been created to analyse regional disparities, and in their place champions an approach that rejects economic determinism and structural determinism. He maintains that individuals bring about change and development and individuals, he asserts, are capable of acting in the general interest and not simply out of class interest.The Creation of Regional Dependency makes a landmark contribution to our understanding of the causes of regional dependency in this country and original contribution to the study of Canadian society.

THE University of Toronto Athletic Association was formed in the spring of 1893 succeeding the original Gymnasium Committee of 1891-2, through whose energy and initiative the Gymnasium was built. On October 27, 1943, the completion of its fiftieth year was marked by an anniversary dinner to which were invited all those who had been members of the Directorate during that period. The Athletic Association is the oldest student organization in the University with the possible exception of the University College Literary and Scientific Society. In reviewing the past fifty years one cannot fail to be impressed by the confidence reposed in the Association by the University Trustees and the Board of Governors.

When the Twentieth Century opened, socialist parties were already well established in Continental Europe and were just getting under way throughout the English-speaking world. In Canada, however, three further decades elapsed before the CCF's numerous progenitors, aroused by an acute economic and political crisis at home and abroad, drew together in order to form a socialist party on a national scale.The CCF served its investigators primarily as a gauge of the Canadian scene. They saw in its birth and growth evidence of serious discontent among certain groups, whose changing sentiments they measured according to the shifts in the party's support. Thus, instead of settling on one specific body for investigation, the study uses several, depending on the problem or the available data. From the national to the provincial to the metropolitan, the focus sometimes narrows to the riding association level for a closer view of the rank and file.

This book is of far wider interest than its title suggests, with its emphasis on the public sector, because the Public Services set the pattern for private enterprise in developing occupational pensions. This is the first book to offer a fundamental analysis of public sector schemes. It takes a new look at a whole trange of problems affecting the retirement benefits of most of the population and ends with some very challenging, positive proposals. After tracing the origin and growth of pensions in the Public Services, the book examines in detail the main features of twelve public sector schemes, describing both the benefits provided and the ways in which they are financed. It also makes comparisons with major schemes in private commerce and industry to see whether they can reveals ways in which the administration of public sector schemes could be improved. Two external factors have an important influence on the administratino of occupational pension schemes: National Insurance and Taxation. The book discusses the complications caused by the provisions of general state pensions under the National Insurance Act, 1946, and the introduction of the graduated scheme in 1959. It also examines the consequences for both public and private schemes of current taxation policies in regard to pension schemes, and the important role of the In-land Revenue by whom they must be approved. The study does more than describe existing schemes. It makes radical and far-reaching proposals which are sure to arouse much controversy. Chief among them are the recommendations that employee contributions should be abolished, and that pensions should in future be paid from current income, but from the proceeds of funds built up for that purpose. The latter proposal, if adopted, would have wide-ranging financial effects; among them, probably, a reduction in the amount of money available for investment on the stock exchange.

Following an enquiry by a Royal Commission in 1957-60, the London Government Act, 1963 made sweeping changes in the local government of Greater London. The London and Middlesex County Councils and many other smaller local authorities were abolished; the boundaries of Essex, Kent and Surrey were redrawn. A new structure was established consisting of a Greater London Council and 32 London Boroughs with a unique division of responsibilities between them. Using much unpublished material Mr Rhodes examines in detail why these changes came about -- changes which produced the first major reform of the local government structure in Britain since it was established in the late nineteenth century. He identifies certain key points in the history of these events: the decision of the Conservative Government to reverse previous policy and set up a far-reaching enquiry into London Government in 1957; the Royal Commission's analysis of the problem and its recommendations; and the Government's decision in 1961 to initiate a scheme of reform based on the Commission's recommendations in spite of the strong opposition this was bound to provoke. Mr Rhodes describes the course of events from 1957 until 1965 when the new system came into operation in Greater London. He analyses the motives of the participants, including the political parties, the local authorities, government departments and professional bodies. Emphasis is laid not only on the political struggle but equally on the practical problems of administration in a metropolitan area which are essential to an understanding of the event. This book is the first comprehensive record and analysis of the events which led to the reforms of 1965.

The only existing similar bibliography was published in 1930. The tremendous developments in the fields of research and publishing in Canada during the past thirty years have made it very desirable that a new bibliography should be prepared. The Bibliographical Society of Canada formed a committee of members to collect information on bibliographies of local interest or "e;in progress,"e; and the Society has sponsored the publication. Library schools in Canada supplied lists of works prepared by their students. The staff of the National Library has assisted in the compilation. The Bibliography is planned to be of use to readers of either English or French. It covers such topics as general bibliographies; current bibliographies; collective bibliographies; author bibliographies; newspapers; manuscripts; temperance; religion; sociology and folklore; politics; law ; education; commerce; linguistics; sciences; anthropology; biology; botany; zoology; agriculture; technology; fine arts; numismatics; music; literature; geography; geography; history. There are very complete indexes to compilers, subjects and authors.

This study is in response to a growth of public interest in the size and structure of education facilities and their relation to economic and social policy. It determines the scope of educational services, both public and private, and traces the sources of educational finance through the various spending agencies and allocators of finance back to the eventual suppliers of funds. With detailed analysis based on careful observation, the study provides a wealth of statistical information on this neglected aspect of education.

The end of the eighteenth century, an age of political and cultural crisis particularly in France, saw a shift in the meaning of belief. Simply put, a break in continuity occurred between the old, religious and a new, literary reading of Scripture. Michel Despland selects five writers who were caught up in this new reading of the old religious text and who came to write about religion in innovative ways: Jean-Jacques Roussean, Francois-Rene de Chateaubriand, Charles Nodier, Alfred de Vigny, and Gerard de Nerval. Their use of the autobiographical voice, and of a range of literary devices that encouraged the distanciation of readers from what they read, brought about a profound transmutation of religious writing. The old code of orthodoxy -- what was traditionally believed and socially confirmed -- was replaced with a more readable, personal text. The five writers treated by Despland helped shape a broader definition of belief, on that included individual sensibility. The works they produced are, in a sense, new religious texts. They did not just restate or reinterpret the code, but achieved a new kind of narrative, which has become dominant in the modern era and has shaped individual relationships to all codes.

The exquisite art of Japanese lacquerwork has long had its share of devotees and collectors in the West. But ther has been little to help them take the step from admiration to more exact knowledge, since only a handful of experts have access to the comprehensive, although not always systematic, Japanese literature on the subject. This book is a translation from the German of the only western work on the history of the craft. Professor von Rague links the development of Japanese lacquerwork to dated pieces, giving a sequence of fixed reference opints around which she fits numerous other significant but undated examples. She also clarifies the evolution of shape, design, and style, from prehistoric to present times, and discusses related arts such as ceramics, metalwork, and textiles to trace the relationship between the various branches of Japanese applied art and their influence on lacquerwork. The book is lavishly illustrated with black and white and some colour photographs of outstanding examples of Japanese lacquerwork, and is written in a style easy to read. It will be welcomed therefore by all friends of Japanese art, as well as by collectors, scholars, and art dealers who will appreciate the wealth of technical detail. Appendixes contain notes, al ist of dated objects from 764 to 1964, a glossary of Japanese descriptive terms, a list of Japanese artists and technical terms with corresponding Japanese characters, a bibliography, and an index.

Originally published in 1951, The North American Buffalo is still the most comprehensive study available. The second edition includes information from sources that were unknown or unavailable when the first edition was written; it also includes a three-colour map and a supplementary bibliography.

The years of the nineteenth century that saw British North America attempting to establish a transcontinental nation also saw the fruition of scientific ideas that chalenged traditional conceptions of man's relationship with nature and the land. Victorian throught was undergiong a radical transition, from the static, orderly world modelled by eighteenth-century mathematical physics to the world-in-process epitomized by the mid-nineteenth-century theory of evolution by natural selection. In British North America this intellectual transition played itself out in a number of contexts: in the recorganization of science from the natural history tradition to a utilitarian ideology promoted by business and professional classes; in the institutionalization of scientific inventories such as the Geological Survey of Canada; and in the expansion from local to transcontinental interests. Tapping a wide range of archival and published sources, Suzanne Zeller documents the place of Victorian science in British North American thought and society during the era of Confederation. Four prominent Victorian 'inventory' sciences provide a focus for her study: geology, terrestrial magnetism, meterorology, and botany, each set within its wider context. She considers the role of individuals instrumental in each of these pursuits -- Sir William Edmond Logan, Sir John Henry Lefroy, and George Lawson -- and a host of scientists, politicians, educators, journalists, businessmen, and 'improving' farmers who promoted public support of these sciences. Together they formed a community that believed that science not only enhanced the possibilites of Canada's material progress but also provided a fertile ground for a 'new nationality' to take root as a northern variation of the British nation. Victorian science offered a means to assess and control nature as a rational alternative to retreat from nature's harshness. It also helped develop a sense of Canada's past and brighten the prospects for a transcontinental future.

Unknown and uncelebrated by the public, overshadowed and frequently overruled by the Privy Council, the Supreme Court of Canada before 1949 occupied a rather humble place in Canadian jurisprudence as an intermediate court of appeal. Today its name more accurately reflects its function: it is the court of ultimate appeal and the arbiter of Canada's constitutional questions. Appointment to its bench is the highest achievement to which a member of the legal profession can aspire. This history traces the development of the Supreme Court of Canada from its establishment in the earliest days following Confederation, through its attainment of independence from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1949, to the adoption of the Constitution Act, 1982. The authors describe the politics of the judicial apopintments and document the internal struggles and tensions between the justices. Central to the story is the attitude of successive federal governments to the need for a strong and intellectually vibrant court. Not all prime ministers and ministers of justice took an interest  in the Court, and some of their appointments were of less than outstanding quality. Only in recent times have appointments been of consistently high calibre. Until 1982 the Supreme Court of Canada played a minor role in the history of the Canadian political structure. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms has thrust new responsibilities on the Court, and as those responsibilities are increasingly exercised in the years ahead the Court will become a major participant in our national life. This book explores the foundations on which that participation will be built.

The first women's suffrage society in Britain was formed in 1867, following the temporary Committee of the previous year. This book appears appropriately in the centenary year. That women should vote is now so generally accepted that few of the post-war generation can appreciate the long and intense struggle before women's right to political equality was recognized. John Stuart Mill presented his Women Suffrage Petition to the House of Commons in 1866. It took Parliament fifty-two years to enfranchise the first women.Dr. Rover, using much original research, discusses the interaction between the political parties and the two movements for women's suffrage, constitutional and militant. The analysis of the attitude of the party leaders towards women's enfranchisement illuminates the characters of the prime ministers of the period and emphasises the difficulties inherent in our parliamentary procedure.