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SPANISH EXPLORATION IN THE SOUTHWEST, 1542-1706 Original Narratives of Early American History Series J. Franklin Jameson, General Editor EXCERPT FROM PREFACE This volume is logically the successor in the series of Original Narratives to the one edited by Hodge and Lewis under the title of Spanish Explorers in the Southern United States, 1528-1543. In one important respect the present volume differs from the series in general. The other volumes consist mainly of reproductions of documents which have hitherto appeared in English; but of this volume approximately only one-third of the documents have hitherto been published in English; about one-third have been published in Spanish only; while nearly one-third have never been published hitherto in any language. Of the five documents in the collection which formerly have been published in English, three have been retranslated for this work. In the selection of the documents it was decided to illustrate with some fullness the cardinal episodes in the history of the region and period covered, rather than to treat more lightly a larger number of topics. This procedure has left the history of seventeenth-century New Mexico almost a blank after its founding by Onate. The brief historical introductions are designed to increase the interest and intelligibility of the documents by giving a connected view of the development of the whole northern frontier of New Spain during the period covered, as well as to furnish the necessary biographical and bibliographical data... EXCERPT FROM CONTENTS I. EXPLORATION AND PLANS FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF CALIFORNIA 1. The Cabrillo-Ferrelo Expedition 2. The Vizcaino Expedition II. EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT IN NEW MEXICO AND IN ADJACENT REGIONS 1. The Rodriguez Expedition 2. The Espejo Expedition 3. The Onate Expeditions and the Founding of the Province of New Mexico III. EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT IN TEXAS 1. The Bosque-Larios Expedition 2. The Mendoza-Lopez Expedition to the Jumanos 3. The De Leon-Massanet Expeditions IV. ARIZONA: THE JESUITS IN PIMERIA ALTA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

Alexander Hamilton By Charles A. Conant Contents I-Youth and Early Services II-The Fight for the Constitution III-Establishing the Public Credit IV-Congress sustains Hamilton V-Strengthening the Bonds of Union VI-Foreign Affairs and Neutrality VII-Hamilton as a Party Leader VIII-Hamilton's Death and Character Excerpt from Chapter I The life of Alexander Hamilton is an essential chapter in the story of the formation of the American union. Hamilton's work was of that constructive sort which is vital for laying the foundations of new states. Whether the Union would have been formed under the Constitution and would have been consolidated into a powerful nation, instead of a loose confederation of sovereign states, without the great services of Hamilton, is one of those problems about which speculation is futile. It is certain that the conditions of the time presented a rare opportunity for such a man as Hamilton, and that without some directing and organizing genius like his, the consolidation of the Union must have been delayed, and have been accomplished with much travail. The difference between the career of Hamilton in America and that of the two greatest organizing minds of other countries--Caesar and Napoleon--marks the difference between Anglo-Saxon political ideals and capacity for self-government and those of other races. Where the organization of a strong government degenerated in Rome and France into absolutism, it tended in America, under the directing genius of Hamilton, to place in the hands of the people a more powerful instrument for executing their own will. So powerful a weapon was thus created that Hamilton himself became alarmed when it was seized by the hands of Jefferson, Madison, and other democratic leaders as the instrument of democratic ideas, and those long strides were taken in the states and under the federal government which wiped out the distinctions between classes, abolished the relations of church and state, extended the suffrage, and made the government only the servant of the popular will. The development of two principles marked the early history of the Republic, --one, the growth of sentiment for the Union under the inspiration of Hamilton and the Federalist party; the other, the growth of the power of the masses, typified by the leadership of Jefferson and the Democratic party. These two tendencies, seemingly hostile in many of their aspects, waxed in strength together until they became the united and guiding principles of a new political order, --a nation of giant strength whose power rests upon the will of all the people. It was the steady progress of these two principles in the heart of... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

SONGS of DEMOCRACY By WALT WHITMAN THICK-SPRINKLED BUNTING Thick-sprinkled bunting! Flag of stars! Long yet your road, fateful flag!--long yet your road, and lined with bloody death! For the prize I see at issue, at last is the world! All its ships and shores I see, interwoven with your threads, greedy banner! Dream'd again the flags of kings, highest born, to flaunt unrival'd? O hasten, flag of man! O with sure and steady step, passing highest flags of kings, Walk supreme to the heavens, mighty symbol--run up above them all, Flag of stars! thick-sprinkled bunting! INTRODUCTION THOSE who know their Whitman will no doubt find somewhat ridiculous an enterprise which purposes to isolate a limited number of his poems under the title of the present volume, so completely is his work given up to the celebration of democracy. They will be fortified in their views, moreover, by the consciousness that the author himself would have shared them. Whitman saw in Leaves of Grass an organism, something which must be taken entire or not at all. Of the considerable number of "Selections" offered to the fearful, only two or three were published with his consent, and that a very reluctant consent, yielded at the promptings of a kindly desire not to wound with a rebuff the good intentions of his friends. He seems to have felt they were, after all, Edmund Clarence Stedman's or Elizabeth Porter Gould's selections, and as such were important only for the light they threw on the judgment of those excellent persons and the taste of their friends. He himself stood squarely by all that he had written, and refused to delete a line even at the urging of his much-admired Emerson. In his old age, face to face with his unpopularity, with the disapproval, even with the "anger and contempt," of his own time, he notes as "the best comfort of the whole business (after a band of the dearest friends and upholders ever vouchsafed to man or cause--doubtless all the more faithful and uncompromising--this little phalanx!--for being so few)" that "un-stopp'd and unwarp'd by any influence outside the soul within me, I have had my say entirely my own way and put it unerringly on record--the value thereof to be decided by time." Clearly it behooves one who performs yet another mutilation to prove it justified by different motives and conditions from those upon which the poet passed when he registered his veto. Let it be understood, then, at the outset, that I heartily sympathize with Whitman's attitude. I have made no attempt to propitiate the self-appointed arbiters of "the best that is known and thought in the world" by selecting those poems which seem least scornful of the time-honored... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of th

Active Service By Jno. B. Castleman Although the writer's endeavors have been varied and experiences unusual, they have in no way justified belief in his fitness to write a book. Many friends have, from time to time in more than thirty years, admonished me that my inditing, in permanent record, incidents which had come within my personal experience and knowledge, was a duty I owed to them, to the public, and to the correct presentation of certain historic data of importance. Henry Watterson, my comrade and life-long and loyal friend, has demanded of me that I "go along and write." My dear old comrades, Thomas W. Bullitt and David W. Sanders, some years ago had an interview with Mrs. Castleman and me, and insisted that, if I failed to "write the book," I should make them my literary legatees, and they would for me fulfill this obligation. Now these able lawyers and gallant men have both gone where good soldiers go, and I am animated by a wish to do what they thought I ought to do. So, with all these combined influences which induced action for which I realized my lack of fitness, I did, in 1908, essay to "write a book." Having produced the result of an earnest effort, I called into service a competent committee of critics, and asked of this committee to consider if, in its judgment, my production was as inadequate as it seemed to me. The committee consisted of my wife and daughters and my son Breckinridge. To these critics I read more than one hundred pages of manuscript, relative to my boyhood and to my observations of that period, and the candor of the committee was so severe and so thoroughly in harmony with my own opinion that I destroyed what I had written, and allowed two years to pass before again undertaking a task which seemed altogether hopeless. The critics were largely directed by the thought that my boyhood life and that of the neighborhood wherein I was brought up would enlist little interest beyond that of my own family and that of my friends. I afterwards set about recasting my work along lines which would avoid the admitted errors of my first result. This was no easy task, for the modest inspiration which stimulated my primary work was not again at my command. It did not seem possible to "come back," yet I did try; but I found that the unfolded memories of more than sixty years of the past seemed to be closed to my vivid recollection, and Life's picture gallery was not easily lighted again, along the walls where boyhood scenes had given pleasure. My friend, Young E. Allison, called one morning at my office, and carried away with him some of the manuscript of the rewritten narrative which then lay on my desk. He returned the following day, and left... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de La Mancha Compuesto por Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Prologo del Autor Desocupado lector: sin juramento me podras creer que quisiera que este libro, como hijo del entendimiento, fuera el mas hermoso, el mas gallardo y mas discreto que pudiera imaginarse. Pero no he podido yo contravenir la orden de naturaleza, que en ella cada cosa engendra su semejante. Y asi que podia engendrar el esteril y mal cultivado ingenio mio, sino la historia de un hijo seco, avellanado, antojadizo y lleno de pensamientos varios y nunca imaginados de otro alguno: bien como quien se engendro en una carcel, donde toda incomodidad tiene su asiento, y donde todo triste ruido hace su habitacion? El sosiego, el lugar apacible, la amenidad de los campos, la serenidad de los cielos, el murmurar de las fuentest, la quietud de espiritu, son grande parte para que las musas mas esterlies se muestren fecundas, y ofrezcan partos al mundo que le colmen de maravilla y de contento. Acontece tener un padre un hijo feo y sin gracia alguna: y el amor que le tiene le pone una venda en los ojos para que no vea sus faltas, antes la juzga por discreciones y lindezas, y las cuenta a sus amigos por agudezas y donaires. Pero yo, que aunque parezco padre soy padrastro de Don Quijote, no quiero irme con la corriente del uso, ni suplicarte casi con las lagrimas en los ojos, como otros hacen, lector carisimo, que perdones o disimules las faltas que en este mi jijo vieres: y pues ni eres so pariente ni su amigo, y tienes tu alma en tu cuerpo y to libre albedrio como el mas pintado, y estas en tu casa, donde eres senor della, como el rey de sus alcahalas, y sabes lo que comunmente se dice, que debajo de mi mante al rey mato, todo lo cual te exenta y hace libre de todo respeto y obligacion, puedes decir de la historia todo aquello que te pareciere, sin temor que te calunien por el mal, ni te premien el bien que dijeres della. Solo quisiera dartela monda y desnuda, sin el ornato de prologo, ni de la inumerabilidad y catalogo de los acostumbrados sonetos, epigramas y elogios que al principio de los libros suelen ponerse. Porque te se decir que aunque me costo algun trabajo componerla, ninjuno tuve por mayor que hacer esta prefacion que vas leyendo. Muchas veces tome la pluma para escribilla, y muchas la deje, por no saber lo que escribiria; y estando una suspenso, con el papel delante, la pluma en la oreja, el codo en el bufete y la mano en la mejilla, pensando lo que diria, entro a deshora un amigo mio gracioso y bien entendido, el cual viendome tan imaginativo, me pregunto la causa, y no encubriendose la yo, le dije... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

The History of the Woman's Club Movement in America (Volume 1) By Mrs. J.C. Croly The need and the value of this history are to be found in the natural character of the woman's club development, as the outgrowth of national conditions, and the cumulative evidence of the woman's ideals and strongest tendencies. The priceless boon that America gave to women was freedom and opportunity. Up to the last half, it might be said quarter, of the present century," small provision had been made for the education and training of the woman beyond the rudimentary lines. As late as the early seventies no college training was possible to a girl in New York city and many other parts of this country, except under precisely the same conditions as those which existed in Russia; viz., by the special grace of some professor endowed with the human spirit, such as Professor Newberry of Columbia in New York or Dr, Gruber of St, Petersburg. The club, from the beginning, accomplished two purposes. It provided a means for the acquisition of knowledge, the training of power; and the working of a spirit of human solidarity, a comprehension of the continuity of life: its universal character and interdependence. It is not too much to say that this aspect changed the whole point of view of the woman who came under its influence. Her ideals were elevated, her trust in eternal goodness and its purpose strengthened, and her own possibilities as a social and intellectual force, brought out and gradually moulded into form. The acceptance of the club as a means of education and development was almost simultaneous throughout the country. Everywhere groups of women were found who eagerly seized the idea and shaped it according to their own conditions and needs. Everywhere also the path has broadened, and larger groups of women have and are working with the same eager enthusiasm toward the still larger life, the greater unity, the "all in all." Contents: Introduction Beginnings of Organization --Women in Religious Organization --The Moral Awakening Representative Clubs --Sorosis --New England Woman's Club --Friends in Council, Quincy, Ill. --The Fortnightly Club, Chicago --Chicago Woman's Club --The Civic Club of Philadelphia --Working Girls' Clubs General Federation--Call--Founding the General Federation--Ratification Convention--Constitution--By-Laws--List of Officers and Members--The Advisory Board--The First Council --The Biennial of 1892--Federation Congress at Chicago--Biennial of 1894--A New Departure--State Federation--Meeting of the Council at Atlanta--Third Biennial, 1896--Department Work--Social and Other Features... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the te

History of the Pigeon Roost Massacre Lizzie D. Coleman Preface It is with a tinge of timidity that this little pamphlet is submitted to the public. Realizing that we have only vague accounts of this early defeat in our histories and they limited, we acknowledge that comparatively little is authentically known of the massacre. Dillon's History, "Pigeon Roost Massacre," by Charles Martindale, "The Pigeon Roost Massacre," by John Mead, and an article from the Indianapolis News have been used as reference, but the greater part of the details were gathered from those now living in Scott and Washington counties who were distantly related to the victims and have had their knowledge of the sad deed as a legacy from ancestry. The part that the Paynes suffered in the sad event was obtained through the untiring efforts of Mrs. A.R. Overman, Salem, Indiana (grand-daughter of Jeremiah Payne). The details of the Collings' loss and geographical idea of the early settlement was gained from John and William Collings (grandson and great grandson of William E. Collings). Prelude A century ago Indiana Territory could have well been designated as Indian Territory; for living in their savage wigwam on all the frontiers was that red-skin, which was a menace to universal peace. The Indian, at his best, does not present a very fascinating appearance; nevertheless with a tall, strong body resembling in color old copper; with hair like a horse's mane, coarse, black and straight; with small eyes, black and deep-set; with high cheek bones and a prominent nose, dabbed permiscously with paint, together with the crudeness and barbarity of dress, he is a personage of interest. But this outward appearance is as naught in revealing the individuality of the tribe. When at peace they are hospitable and friendly; when in war they are merciless and brutal. When conquering, if they failed to make their victim cry out with pain they considered it an ill omen; therefore they would tear out bits of flesh, roast their victim in a slow fire while they continued to sing his death-song with an unwavering voice, until his last breath released him from their torments. At this time, dotted here and there in the various territories were the respective Indian tribes. Each locality having a certain class, while our territory was the only one that was not permanent headquarters for certain tribes. Yet our soil furnished a meeting place for members of different tribes during the various depredations. And as navigation was the only means of transportation during those times we can readily see why certain places were selected as "hunting grounds" and temporary abodes. Nevertheless along all our frontiers were the... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

Early Sources of Scottish History (A.D. 500 to 1286 By Alan Orr Anderson Contents Preface Abbreviations Bibliographical Notes Calendar Notes Orthographical Notes Tables of the Succession of Kings, in Northumbria, Dalriata, Pictland, Scotland, and England Introduction I-Establishment of the Kingdoms of Dalriata and Northumbria II-Christianization of the Picts. Life of Columba III-Affairs before and after the Council of Druimm-Ceta IV-Death of Columba V-Zenith and Decline of Dalriata VI-Zenith and Decline of Northumbria VII-Domination of the Picts over Dalriata VIII-Recovery of Dalriata. Norwegian Invasions. Union of the Kingdoms of the Scots and the Picts IX-Scandinavian Settlements X-Harold Fairhair. Orkney and the Hebrides XI-Iceland and the Hebrides XII-Ketil Flatnose establishes Scandinavian Rule in the Hebrides XIII-Thorstein the Red becomes master of Caithness and Sutherland. Turf-Einar in the Orkneys XIV-Harold Fairhair's Invasion. Reign of Constantine II XV-Battle of Vin-heath XVI-End of Constantine's Reign. Reign of Malcolm XVII-Eric's Sons XVIII-Reigns of Indulf, Dub, and Culen XIX-Reign of Kenneth II XX-Reigns of Constantine III and Kenneth III XXI-Reign of Malcolm II; and the Danish Conquest XXII-Reigns of Duncan, Macbeth, and Lulach. History of Northumbria Preface The chronicles tell of events; but they show also the successive influences that were at work upon Scotland - Irish, Scandinavian, English, and Norman. From the time of the Norman Conquest, foreign influences prevailed at the Scottish court. The kings were partly of English blood; the queens were English or French; the nobles were imported from northern France. French manners were cultivated. There was little national spirit, as opposed to tribal or local patriotism, until after the events that followed the competition for the crown. Then the experience of true feudal inferiority galled the people, and diverse native and foreign elements combined to throw off the yoke. Thence- forward the common desire to remain independent was a generally unifying influence among the Scottish peoples; and national spirit arose. The sphere of the present work is the period of foreign settlements, foreign encroachments, foreign influence, and intermittent submissions to a foreign power: the period also of assimilation of peoples, centralization of government, and, in the end, unification of territory, by which the way to complete independence was prepared. It is not the period of Scotland's greatest... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

Histoire de la Societe des Concerts du conservatoire Imperial de musique avec Dessins, Musique, Plans, Portraits, Notices Biographiques, etc. Par A. Elwart Matieres Chapitre I I-Precis de l'histoire generale de la musique II-De la symphonie III-Des concerts spirituels et autres, anterieurs et posterieurs a la fondation de la Societe des concerts Chapitre II I-Origine de la Societe de Concerts II-Arrete du Ministre de la Maison du roi Charles X, qui fonde la Societe des Concerts III-Premiere assemblee generale des membres foundateurs IV-Reglement adopte par eux V-Modifications faites au precedent reglement en 1841. Acte de societe notarie et nouvelles modifications introduites dans certaines parties dudit acte VI-Personnel chantant et executant de la Societe en 1828 et 1859 VII-Plan de la grande salle et de l'orchestre du Conservatoire.--Tarif du prix des places lors de lafondation. Tarif actuel VIII-Produit approximatit des recettes des concerts depuis la premiere annee (1828) jusqu'a la trente-deuxieme (1859) IX-Coup d'oeil retrospectif sur les Concerts d'emulation de la Societe mineure des jeunes eleves de l'Ecole royale de Musique Chapitre III --Programmes enrichis de notes, remarques, faits historiques, de tous les concerts donnes annuellement par la Societe, depuis sa fondation jusqu'a nos jours Chapitre IV --Resume general des travaux de la Societe Chapitre V --Biographie d'Ilabeneck aine, avec son portrait Chapitre VI --Six Lettres ecrites d'Allemagne, par l'auteur, au journal La Presse, a l'occasion de fetes donnees a Boon, lors de l'erection de la statue de Beethoven. La premiere de ces Lettres contient la biographie du grand symphoniste, avec son portrait, et la derniere donne le Catalogue complet et authentique de ses oeuvres. Conclusion --Du passe, du present et de l'avenir de la Societe des Concerts Preface c'est a un des derniers Minstres de la Maison du roi Charles X, a M. le vicomte Sosthenes de Larochefoucault, que la France est rederable de la fondation de la Societe des concerts du Conservatoire. Ce fut a la sollicitation d'Habeneck, et sur la demande de Cherubini, que le noble vicomete prit l'arrete memorable qui devait regenerer la musique francaise, suivant l'expression si vraie du savant M. Fetis. L'action de la Societe des Concerts s'est fait sentir non seulement en France, mais dans l"europe entiere; les plus grands artistes ont tenu a honneur d'y recevoir la consecration de leurs talents: compositeurs, chanteurs, executants, tous ont sollicite l'avantage d'apporter leur contingent aux magnifiques programmes de ces concerts, qui, des le premier, ont... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the me

Complete Works of Charles Dickens (Volume 7): Dombey and Son By Charles Dickens Excerpt from Chapter I I MARK so bold as to believe that the faculty (or the habit) of correctly observing the characters of men, is a rare one. I have not even found, within my experience, that the faculty (or the habit) of correctly observing so much as the faces of men, is a general one by any means. The two commonest mistakes in judgment that I suppose to arise from the former default, are, the confounding of shyness with arrogance-a very common mistake indeed-and the not understanding that an obstinate nature exists in a perpetual struggle with itself. Mr. Dombey undergoes no violent change, either in this book, or in real life. A sense of his injustice is within him, all along. The more he represses it, the more unjust he necessarily is. Internal shame and external circumstances may bring the contest to a close in a week, or a day; but, it has been a contest for years, and is only fought out after a long balance of victory. I began this book by the Lake of Geneva, and went on with it for some months in France, before pursuing it in England. The association between the writing and the place of writing is so curiously strong in my mind, that at this day, although I know, in my fancy, every stair in the little midshipman's house, and could swear to every pew in the church in which Florence was married, or to every young gentleman's bedstead in Doctor Blimber's establishment, I yet confusedly imagine Captain Cuttle as secluding himself from Mrs. MacStinger among the mountains of Switzerland. Similarly, when I am reminded by any chance of what it was that the waves were always saying, my remembrance wanders for a whole winter night about the streets of Paris-as I restlessly did with a heavy heart, on the night when I had written the chapter in which my little friend and I parted company. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

A Stem Dictionary of the English Language for Use in Elementary School By John Kennedy Preface Language is the external representative of thought. It is not only the means of expressing thought, but it is also the necessary means or condition of extended thinking. It is, therefore, an immediate and ever-pressing factor in education; it is the available form of another's thought; it is the means of developing and perfecting our own. "Thoughts disentangle passing over the lip." But this disentanglement implies a corresponding disentanglement of language; it implies a sensitive and delicate perception of the scope and application of terms. This sensitiveness and delicacy of perception is conditioned in the power to resolve secondary expressions into the primary forms from which they have sprung. Mastery of a subject implies the possession of every elementary notion involved in it; a corresponding mastery of language must therefore also imply an acquaintance with all its devices for expressing elementary notions. Primary words are but one class of these devices. There are, indeed, in the English language four classes of them, viz.: primary words, prefixes, suffixes, and stems. There can be no reliable extension of vocabulary without a recognition of the form and value of these several elements; and without them all study of subjects is subjected to a dead strain, resulting either in failure and discouragement or in superficial knowledge. The definition of a word built up in any manner out of a familiar primary word is superfluous, because the word explains itself. And if it did not explain itself, the definition would be useless as a means of enlarging vocabulary. Definition, however, has a very important function int eh logical treatment of a subject, or in carrying on a line of reasoning. But it is not a reliable or effective means of enlarging one's vocabulary; and without a ready vocabulary all study is impeded. The mind proceeds by units of effort; it suffers violence when required to treat multiplicity as unity. It is checked and confounded instead of being stimulated and directed. So likewise a word built up from a familiar stem needs no definition; it explains itself; and if the stem be not familiar, then any attempt to use the term must be attended with all the evils mentioned above. Word-structure should therefore be made the basis of elementary education, instead of its being reserved as an exercise for educated people only. A stem is an object having a very observable form and value; and this form and value may be fixed by a minimum of observation. Why, therefore, ignore the stems during the elementary stage of education? They have been ignored in many cases because of the prevalent fallacy that... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text

The Garden Party By Katherine Mansfield VERY early morning. The sun was not yet risen, and the whole of Crescent Bay was hidden under a white sea-mist. The big bush-covered hills at the back were smothered. You could not see where they ended and the pad- docks and bungalows began. The sandy road was gone and the paddocks and bungalows the other side of it; there were no white dunes covered with reddish grass beyond them; there was nothing to mark which was beach and where was the sea. A Heavy dew had fallen. The grass was blue. Big drops hung on the bushes and just did not fall; the silvery, fluffy toi-toi was limp on its long stalks, and all the marigolds and the pinks in the bungalow gardens were bowed to the earth with wetness. Drenched were the cold fuchsias, round pearls of dew lay on the flat nasturtium leaves. It looked as though the sea had beaten up softly in the darkness, as though one immense wave had come rippling, rippling - how far? Perhaps if you had walked up in the middle of the night you might have seen a big fish flicking in at the window and gone again. Ah-Aah! Sounded thesleepy sea. And from the bush there came the sound of little streams flowing, quickly, lightly, slipping between the smooth stones, gushing Into ferny basins and out again; and there was the splashing of big drops on large leaves, and something else - what was it? - a faint stirring and shaking, the snapping of a twig and then such silence that it seemed someone was listening. Round the corner of Crescent Bay, between the piled-up masses of broken rock, a flock of sheep came pattering. They were huddled together, a small, tossing, woolly mass, and their thin, stick- like legs trotted along quickly as if the cold and the quiet had frightened them. Behind them an old sheep-dog, his soaking paws covered with sand, ran along with his nose to the ground, but carelessly, as if thinking of something else. And then in the rocky gateway the shepherd himself appeared. He was a lean, upright old man, in a frieze coat that was covered with a web of tiny drops, velvet trousers tied under the knee, and a wide-awake with a folded blue handkerchief round the brim. One hand was crammed into his belt, the other grasped a beautifully smooth yellow stick. And as he walked, taking his time, he kept up a very soft light whistling, an airy, far-away fluting that sounded mournful and tender. The old dog cut an ancient caper or two and then drew up sharp, ashamed of his levity, and walked a few dignified paces by his master's side. The sheep ran forward in little pattering rushes; they began to bleat, and ghostly flocks and herds answered them from under the sea. "Baa ! Baaa !" For a time they seemed to be always on the same piece of ground. There ahead was... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

The Frontier in American HistoryBy Frederick Jackson Turner In republishing these essays in collected form, it has seemed best to issue them as they were originally printed, with the exception of a few slight corrections of slips in the text and with the omission of occasional duplication of language in the different essays. A considerable part of whatever value they may possess arises from the fact that they are commentaries in different periods on the central theme of the influence of the frontier in American history. Consequently they may have some historical significance as contemporaneous attempts of a student of American history, at successive transitions in our development during the past quarter century to interpret the relations of the present to the past. Grateful acknowledgment is made to the various societies and periodicals which have given permission to reprint the essays. Various essays dealing with the connection of diplomatic history and the frontier and others stressing the significance of the section, or geographic province, in American history, are not included in the present collection. Neither the French nor the Spanish frontier is within the scope of the volume. The future alone can disclose how far these interpretations are correct for the age of colonization which came gradually to an end with the disappearance of the frontier and free land. It alone can reveal how much of the courageous, creative American spirit, and how large a part of the historic American ideals are to be carried over into that new age which is replacing the era of free lands and of measurable isolation by consolidated and complex industrial development and by increasing resemblances and connections between the New World and the Old. But the larger part of what has been distinctive and valuable in America's contribution to the history of the human spirit has been due to this nation's peculiar experience in extending its type of frontier into new regions; and in creating peaceful societies with new ideals in the successive vast and differing geographic provinces which together make up the United States. Directly or indirectly these experiences shaped the life of the Eastern as well as the Western States, and even reacted upon the Old World and influenced the direction of its thought and its progress. This experience has been fundamental in the economic, political and social characteristics of the American people and in their conceptions of their destiny. Writing at the close of 1796, the French minister to the United States, M. Adet, reported to his government that Jefferson could not be relied on to be devoted to French interests, and he added: "Jefferson, I say, is American, and by that name, he cannot be sincerely our friend. An American is the... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the tex

Memoirs of Allegheny County Pennsylvania Volume II--personal and genealogical with portraits By Northwestern Historical Association Excerpt Robert L. Riggs, one of the foremost citizens of McKeesport, is descended from an ancestry which can be traced for over three centuries. Edward Riggs, the first of that name in America, was born in Lincolnshire, England, in 1590. He came to Boston with his wife, two sons and four daughters in 1633, and settled at Roxbury, Mass., and in 1634 was granted the privilege of citizenship. He had a son, Edward, born in England in 1614, who came to America with his parents, and on April 5, 1635, married a Miss Roosa. The second Edward and his wife moved later to a place afterwards known as Riggs Hill, near Milford, Conn., where they resided for a number of years, and then, in 1665, moved and settled with a colony at Derby, N.J. They were the parents of three sons and one daughter, viz.: Edward, Samuel, Joseph, and Mary. The father died in 1668. Edward Riggs, the third of that name, was born in Roxbury, about 1636, was married in 1660, and reared a family of ten children. The third born was named Edward. He was born in Newark, N.J., about 1668, and about 1692 married Alphia Stoughton. They lived most of their lives near the village of Milbourn, N.J., and had six boys and one girl: Edward Daniel, Samuel, Thomas, Joseph, Mary and David. David Riggs, son of Edward and Alphia (Stoughton) Riggs, was born at Basking Ridge, N.J., in 1709. He married Elizabeth Cox and resided in Middlesex county, N.J. Mr. and Mrs. David Riggs had six children, of whom the second was named Joseph. He was born at Baskingridge, N.J., April 24, 1740, and, when about twenty-one years old was married to Miss Leah Cosad, of true Dutch stock. They were the parents of eight children. Of these, the second, Edward, was born near Hightstown, N.J., July 21, 1764. When twenty years old he moved west and located on the waters of Short creek, near Wheeeling, W. Va., and the following year went to Pittsburg, Pa., where, in May, 1785, he was married to Mary Higbee. In 1786 he located on a 400-acre tract some ten miles southwest of Pittsburg, on Peters creek, where he spent the rest of his days as a farmer. He was in religious belief a Baptist, and when he died, Oct. 4, 1843, he was buried in the Peters creek burying ground of the Baptist church. Edward and Mary (Higbee) Riggs had six children, as follows: Nancy, born June 20, 1787, and on April 30, 1807, married to Elijah Townsend; Eleanor, born... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

Mademoiselle de Marbeuf Roman Parisien by Jean-Louise Dubut Laforest ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

Drawings of A. Von Menzel By Pr. HW Singer Excerpt FOR two or three decades Menzel was a member of the Institut de France and an Officer of the Legion of Honour, as well as a member of the Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours and the Royal Academy of London. Yet, outside his own country, he was scarcely more than a name, except, perhaps, to the presidents and leading officers of such bodies as I have mentioned. Not long ago I found a French critic attempting to expound Menzel to his countrymen, and he had so far misapprehended his hero that he tried to make him out a sort of excellent German Meissonier. In England, too, he may be put on a line with the League of Cambrai, the Peace of Munster, the Cabal, and other such names, which you at once recognise as very important when you hear them mentioned, but about which you cannot for the life of you remember details and dates. Almost ninety years ago, upon the 8th of December, 1815, Menzel saw the light of day in Breslau. This city was for a long time the third largest of the German Empire, without any attractions to match its size. Menzel's father, originally principal of a girls' seminary, set up a lithographic establishment, in which the lad at an early age found an opportunity of coming into touch with the fine arts. His parents decreed that he should become a scholar, but there were many hindrances in the way of his turning student; and since he had evinced a desire to draw as soon as ever he could hold a pencil, it was easy to prepare him for the work of a practitioner in the lesser arts, if not indeed for an artist. When Menzel was fourteen years of age his father sold his business at Breslau and migrated to Berlin. Here, too, he occupied himself with lithographic work, in which he was assisted by his son. The family had scarcely been a year and a half in the capital when the father died - in January, 1832. Menzel, only sixteen years of age, was now thrown entirely upon his own resources, and, moreover, had to help towards the support of his nearest relatives. For the sake of a living he executed vignettes for tradesmen's bills, letter-headings, designs for stencils, bottle-labels and similar hack-work, and a long period of privation and plodding began for him. What he did at that time gave indication of what there was in the man. For where another would simply have satisfied the crude demands of the trade, he strove conscientiously to do his best and to give his customers more than their money's worth. Many of his early invitation and congratulatory cards, title pages and ephemeral designs are full of happy notions and clever allusions. Instinctively he felt that black-and-white art is a medium that lends itself to argument and...------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

The Life and Epistles of St. PaulVolume IBy Thomas Lewin ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

The Life of General Ely S. Parker: Last grand sachem of the Iroquois and General Grant's military secretaryBy Arthur Parker ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

The Doctrines and Discipline of African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church By the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church In the latter end of the year I739, eight or ten persons came to Mr. Wesley, in London, who appeared to be deeply convinced of sin, and earnestly groaning for redemption. They earnestly desired (as did two or three more the next day that he would spend some time with them in prayer, and advise them how to flee the wrath to come, which they saw continually hanging over their heads. That he might have more time for this great work, he appointed a day when they might all come together; which from thenceforward they did every week, namely, on Thursday in the evening. To these, and as many m.0re as desired to join with them (for their number increased daily), he gave such advice, from time to time, as he thought most needful for them, and they always concluded their meetings with prayer suited to their several necessities. This was the rise of the United Societies, first in Europe, then in America. Such a society is no other than " a company of men having the form and seeking the power of godliness, united in order to pray together, to receive the word of exhortation, and to watch over one another in love, that they may help each other to work out their salvation." There is but one living and true God, everlasting, without body or parts, of infinite power, wisdom, and goodness; the maker and preserver of all things, visible and invisible. And in the unity of this Godhead there are three persons, of one substance, power, and eternity: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost. The Son, who is the Word of the Father, the very and eternal God, of one substance with the Father, took man's nature in the womb of the Blessed Virgin; so that two whole and perfect natures, that is to say, the Godhead and the manhood, were joined together in one person, never to be divided, whereof is one Christ, very God and very man, who truly suffered, was crucified, dead, and buried, to reconcile his Father to us, and to be a sacrifice not only for original guilt, but also for the actual sins of men. Christ did truly rise again from the dead, and took again his body, with all things appertaining to the perfection of man's nature, wherewith he ascended into heaven, and there sitteth until he shall return to judge all men at the last day. The Holy Ghost, proceeding from the Father and the Son, is of one Substance, majesty, and glory with the Father and the Son, very and eternal God. The Holy Scriptures contain all things necessary to salvation; so that whatsoever is not read therein, nor may be proved thereby, is not to be required of any man that it should be believed as an article of faith, or be thought requisite or necessary to salvation. In the name of the Holy Scriptures, we do understand those canonical books of the Old and New Testament, of whose authority there never was any doubt in the Church. Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, the First Book of Samuel, the Second Book of Samuel, the First Book of Kings, the Second Book of Kings, the First Book of Chronicles, the Second Book of Chronicles, the Book of Ezra, the Book of Nehemiah, the Book of Esther, the Book of Job, the Psalms, the Proverbs, the Ecclesiastes, the Song of Solomon, the Four Prophets the greater, the Twelve Prophets the less; all the books of the New Testament, as they are commonly received, we do receive and account them canonical.

Memoirs of Allegheny County Pennsylvania Volume I--personal and genealogical with portraits By Northwestern Historical Association Excerpt Henry Phipps. Among the men prominent int he history of Pittsburg, and among those who are loved and honored for their public spirit and true philanthropy, is Henry Phipps. He is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in Philadelphia in 1839. His father, Henry Phipps, Sr., and mother, Hannah (Franks) Phipps, came to America from Shropshire, England, in 1832, settling in the east, and twelve years later settling in Allegheny city. Of the three sons and one daughter in the family, only two are living--Henry Phipps and Rev. William H. Phipps--both residing in Pittsburg. Mr. Henry Phipps was educated int eh schools of Allegheny city, but left at an early age to enter the employ of the firm of J.J. Gillespie & Co., and after a short time became bookkeeper for the firm of D.W.C. Bidwell & Co. During this time Mr. Phipps attended night school for several years, and supplemented this by private study, and has become a man of broad culture and sympathies. While in the employ of the latter company, he so won the confidence of his employers that he became a partner, continuing as such until the early sixties, when he engaged in the iron business in Pittsburg with Andrew Kloman, who had organized the Cyclops iron works, and shortly afterwards the firm took in Andrew and Thomas M. Carnegie. The firm underwent many changes in name, culminating in the Edgar Thompson steel works, the first plan west of the Allegheny mountains to manufacture steel rails. Mr. Phipps was in active charge of the financial department of these different enterprises until 1888, when ill health forced him to resign. A few years spent in travel in foreign countries proved to both a benefit and pleasure, for his taste for travel had not been satisfied on account of pressing business cares. Mr. Phipps led to the altar Annie Childs Shaffer, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John S. Shaffer, one of the best known of the early Pittsburg families. Five children came to bless their home--three sons, John Shaffer, Henry Carnegie and Howard, and two daughters, Amy and Helen. They first public benefaction of Mr. Phipps was the Allegheny conservatories, which were given to the city on the condition that they should be open to the public at all times. Shortly after this followed the gift to Pittsburg of the conservatory and botanical school, which are the finest of the kind in the country and complete in every detail. In making his gifts tot he public and in all charitable work, Mr. Phipps has been anxious to escape public notice, and believes that one should not "let the right hand know what the left hand doeth." Mr. Phipps has earned for himself... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

The Art of Boot and ShoemakingBy John Bedford Leno ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

THE MINOANS By George Glasgow Contents Preface Crete the Forerunner of Greece The Sea-Faring People of Crete Minos and the Minotaur Knossos Prehistoric Engineering and Architecture Internal Politics: the Relations of Knossos and Phæstos Minoan Architecture and Fresco Painting The Pottery The Origin of Writing Cretan Religion Men and Women, Clothes and Customs From Prehistoric Crete to Classical Greece Index Preface SIR ARTHUR EVANS' renewed campaign of excavation in Crete has again attracted considerable public attention to the remarkable disclosures of the last twenty years. Sir Arthur Evans himself is at present engaged in compiling in three big volumes the consecutive story of Minoan civilization as revealed by his own excavations. The present writer is convinced that the story of Cretan discovery is such as to appeal to the imagination of a wide public who have no specialist interest in archaeology. The story has all the interest of adventure and exploration. This book is an attempt to meet what such a public wants. I have tried to give a general picture of the world which existed in the Mediterranean four thousand years ago, and of the amazing process by which it has been revealed, so that it can be understood by those totally unacquainted with classical study, and I have tried to give it in one hour's reading. For those who want to go further I give references to other books. It must be understood that this book does not aim at an exact account of the archaeological position as it exists today. With new excavations being carried out this very year, and with new material in the hands of the excavators, as yet unpublished and undigested, any attempt to be strictly up to date would merely mean the progressive and indefinite postponement of the book. The broad lines of the discovery of Minoan civilization are clear, and in the writer's opinion, even because a new campaign of excavation is now started, ought to be presented now in a form to be easily understood. The results of the discoveries of this spring, for instance, add important details to our knowledge - some of which I have incorporated - but do not affect fundamentals. Some of the substance of the following chapters was published in 1920 and 1921 in Discovery, to the Editor of which I am grateful for permission to re-publish them. In a somewhat different form the substance was also published by me in 1914-1915 in the National Home Reading Magazine. It is to my friend Dr. Ronald Montagu Burrows that I, in common with thousands, owe my interest in Crete. He died on May 14, 1920, before his time. . . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

HISTORY OF WINDHAM COUNTY, CONNECTICUT VOLUME 2: 1760-1880 By Ellen Douglas Larned Excerpt from Contents BOOK V. 1740-1775. I. Pomfret. Brooklyn Parish. Putnam. Malbone. Rival Church Edifices. General Affairs II. Ashford. General Town Affairs. Westford Society. First Baptist Church. Eastford Society. Corbin Land Claim III. Affairs in Canterbury. Whitefield's Visit. Separates. Baptists. Westminster Society IV. Town Affairs in Windham. Wyoming Emigration. Social Life. Scotland Parish V. Canada Parish. Pew Dispute. School Districts. Troubles with Rev. Samuel Mosely. Voluntown VI. Religious Settlement in Plainfleld. General Town Affairs VII. Town Affairs in Killingly. Thompson Parish. Baptist Church Formed. Killingly Hill. South Killingly Church. Chestnut Hill. Baptist Church VIII. Woodstock's Three Parishes. Baptist Church. Town Affairs. Troubles with Massachusetts BOOK VI. 1764-1783. WINDHAM IN THE REVOLUTION. I. Opposition to Stamp Act. Non-importation. Food for Boston. Resolves and Onsets. A Great Uprising II. Preparation for the Conflict. Onward to Cambridge. Bunker Hill. Home Affairs. Death of Rev. Joseph Howe III. Campaign of 1776. Struggles and Disasters. Death of Knowlton. Town Resolutions. Campaigns of 1777-78. Discouragements IV. Gloomy Days. Endurance. Home Affairs. Brightening Prospects. Victory BOOK VII. 1783-1807. I. Banishment of Tories. Sufferings of Soldiers. War Settlements. Adoption of Federal Constitution II. Windham's Prosperity. The Windham Phenix. Religious Declension. Political Agitation III. Scotland's First Bell. Life at the Parsonage. Changes. Trouble with Dr. Cogswell IV. Hampton Set Off. Death of Mr. Mosley. Prosperity and Progress. Grenadler Company. Grow Church. Deacon Benjamin Chaplin V. Organization of Brooklyn. Adams' District. Last Years of General Putnam. Colonel Malbone. Captain Tyler. Growth and Prosperity VI. Pomfret's Progress. Oliver Dodge. Reformed Church. Methodists. Baptists. Turnpikes. Trial and Execution of Caleb Adams VII. General Affairs in Ashford. Visit from President Washington. Turnpike Enterprise. David Bolles and the Baptist Petition. Congregational and Baptist Churches VIII. Canterbury Bridges. Enterprising Young Men. Master Adams' School. Town and Church Affairs. Westminster Society. Cleveland IX. Plainfield Church in Pursuit of a Pastor. New Meeting-house. Dr. Benedict. Plainfield Academy. Distinguished Citizens. Town Affairs X. Killingly Established. North Society. Trials of Baptists. South Killingly Church and Trainings. West Killingly Church. Emigration to Ohio. . . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

The Complete Works of William Shakespeare Cymbeline with Annotations and a General Introduction by Sidney Lee By William Shakespeare Introduction If it could be assumed, with any strong probability, that "Cymbeline," which ends the First Folio, was really the last play which Shakespeare wrote, several difficulties which present themselves in connection with it might be resolved at once. It contains one of the most perfect of Shakespeare's women, two gallant boys, a notable villain; with rapid, summarising studies in jealousy, a murderous queen, a royal clown, done as if from memory or on second thoughts. There are pastoral scenes in it which can only be compared with the pastoral scenes in "The Winter's Tale"; and they are written in verse of the same free and happy cadence. Yet the play is thrown together loosely, rather as if it were a novel, to be read, than a play, to be acted. The action is complicated here, neglected there. A scene of sixteen lines is introduced to say that the tribunes are required to raise more forces for the war, and that Lucius is to be general. The last scene is five hundred lines long, and has to do as much business as all the rest of the play. The playwright seems no longer to have patience with his medium; it is as if his interest had gone out of it, and he were using it as the only makeshift at hand. Most artists, at the end of their careers, become discontented with the form in which they have worked. They have succeeded through obedience to this form, but it seems to them that a rarer success lies, uncaptured, outside those limits. They are tempted by what seems lawless in life itself; by what is certainly various and elastic in life. They are impatient with the slowness of results, with their rigidity, inside those inexorable limits. The technique which they have perfected seems to them too perfect; something cries out of chains, and they would set the voice, or Ariel, free. That spirit, I think, we see in the later plays of Shakespeare, in which not only does metre dissolve and reform, in some new, fluctuant way of its own, but the whole structure becomes vaporous, and floats out through the solid walls of the theatre. Even "The Tempest," when I have seen it acted, lost the greater part of its magic, and was no longer that "cloudcapt" promontory in "faery seas forlorn," the last foothold of human life on the edge of the world. What sense of loss do we feel when we see "Othello" acted? "Othello" has nothing to lose; the playwright has never forgotten the walls of his theatre. In "Cymbeline" he is frankly tired of them. "Cymbeline" is a romance, made out of Holinshed, and Boccaccio, and perhaps nursery stories, and it is that happiest kind of romance... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

A History of the Corruptions of Christianity By Joseph Priestley, LLD, FRS Contents I-The History of Opinions relating to Jesus Christ II-The History of Opinions relating to the Doctrine of Atonement III-The History of Opinions concerning Grace, Original Sin, and Predestination IV-The History of Opinions relating to Saints and Angels V-The History of Opinions concerning the State of the Dead VI-The History of Opinions relating to the Lord's Supper VII-The History of Opinions relating to Baptism Appendix to Parts VI and VII VIII-A History of the Changes that have been made in the Method of conducting Public Worship IX-The History of Church Discipline X-The History of Ministers in the Christian Church, and especially of Bishops XI-The History of the Papal Power Appendices to Parts X and XI XII-The History of the Monastic Life XIII-The History of Church Revenues The General Conclusion Dr. Priestley's Preface After examining the foundation of our Christian faith, and having seen how much valuable information we receive from it, in my Institutes of Natural and Revealed Religion, it is with a kind of reluctance, that, according to my proposal, I must now proceed to exhibit a view of the dreadful corruptions which have debased its spirit, and almost annihilated all the happy effects which it was eminently calculated to produce. It is some satisfaction to us, however, and is more than sufficient to answer any objection that may be made to Christianity itself from the consideration for these corruptions, that they appear to have been clearly foreseen by Christ, and by several of the apostles. And we have at this day the still greater satisfaction to perceive that, according to the predictions contained in the books of Scripture, Christianity has begun to recover itself from this corrupted state, and that the reformation advances apace. And though some of the most shocking abuses still continue in many places, their virulence is very generally abated; and the number is greatly increased of those who are most zealous in the profession of Christianity, whose lives are the greatest ornament to it, and who hold it in so much purity, that, if it was fairly exhibited, and universally understood, it could hardly fail to recommend itself to the acceptance of the whole world of Jews and Gentiles. The clear and full exhibition of truly reformed Christianity seems now to be almost the only thing that is wanting to the universal prevalence of it. But so long as all the Christianity that is known to heathens, Mahometans, and Jews, is of a corrupted and debased kind; and... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

Handbook of the Fijian Language By Rev. William Moore Contents Preface I-The key to the Language II-The Alphabet III-The Articles IV-The Nouns V-Adjectives VI-Numerals VII-Pronouns VIII-Verbs IX-Adverbs X-Prepositions XI-Conjunction XII-Interjections XIII-Useful words to be learnt first XIV-Useful sentences on landing XV-Household words, &c. XVI-Words for garden, plantation, &c. XVII-Words for boating and canoes XVIII-Words for part of the human body XIX-Words for relationship XX-Words for naturalist and botanist XXI-Words requiring care with AI XXII-A short vocabulary Preface The first edition of this little book owed its appearance to a request from HBM Consul (Captain HM Jones, VC) that I should prepare a small "Handbook for Immigrants, more simple and less expensive than our present books." In sending out the second edition, I may say that I make no pretensions to originality, except in plan. Although I have made preparations for greatly enlarging and otherwise improving this little "Key," yet, in deference to the opinion of others, it is now reprinted with only some few corrections and additions, to meet a pressing want. Excerpt from Chapter I "A cava oqo?" What's this? You have the Key wherewith to open your way into the language in the above sentence, pronounced in English "Ah thava ongo?" If you can procure a native, do so by all means, and, placing the Alphabet before you, ply him with your Key "A cava oqo?" until you get the proper sounds. Be careful of B, C, D, G, Q, and do not proceed until you have mastered your Alphabet. This done, begin at once to note down everything around you. Pointing at a stone, use your Key, "A cave oqo?" The answer will be, "A vatu." "Oqo," this. "Oqori," that (near). "Ko ya," that (distant) Keep... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

Country Life Readers By Cora Wilson Stewart First Book Preface There is an increasing demand for the education of adult illiterates who have somehow missed their opportunity in early life, and also for the better education of adults that have a very limited degree of learning. The city has provided for this need to some extent with evening Schools, designed mainly for foreigners. All the textbooks for evening schools have, therefore, been prepared strictly for immigrants and city dwellers. Rural America is coming to realize that there exists a need for education among adults in the rural sections as much as among those in the cities. For this reason moonlight schools, rural evening schools, which begin their sessions on moonlight evenings, have been established and have now been extended to fifteen States. The people attending these schools demand textbooks which deal with the problems of rural life and which reflect rural life, and to meet this demand this book has been prepared. The author has utilized the opportunity when the rural dweller is learning to read to stimulate a livelier and more intelligent interest in such subjects as agriculture, horticulture, good roads, home economics, health and sanitation, and those subjects, which, if taught to him, will make for a richer and happier life on the farm. Suggestions to Teachers An excellent opportunity is offered in this Reader to introduce profitably certain objects and operations of rural life. If the teacher will utilize this opportunity, it will both give an added interest to the subject and impress the principles of the same. Therefore, the teacher is urged to study these suggestions and to follow them as carefully as possible. 1. The script, following the printed lesson, is designed to constitute the writing lesson of the evening's session, and should be copied at least ten times. The letters in script are intended for additional practice work in copying.2. In connection with the road lessons on pages 10 and 11, a discussion of good and bad roads would be profitable, this discussion being based on the facts stated in these lessons. For instance, there may be an estimate of time lost and of injury to team and wagon by bad roads.3. For teaching the banking lesson on page 17, a supply of blank checks should be provided in advance. After the lesson has been read, the checks should be distributed among the students. Then, after a line is read in concert, the action mentioned should be performed by the class. For example, after the class reads, "I write the date," all should write the date on their checks; after reading the next line, they should write the name of the payee.4. The lessons on fruit will be more interesting if... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

Belgium and Western Germany in 1833Volume IBy Mrs. Trollope ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

THIRTY YEARS OF MY LIFE ON THREE CONTINENTS VOL. 2 By Edwin De Leon Excerpt from Contents CHAPTER I Inside Confederacy The Rebel Capital President Davis and Secretary Benjamin send me through Blockade to Europe as Special Envoy My Program Go to Wilmington What a Confederate Cotton Blockading Port was like Curious Contrasts Earl of Dunmore as a Blockade Breaker The Steamer Theodora, "Pirate Maffitt," ordered to take me across How we Managed it under Fire, and reached Nassau CHAPTER II Interview with Lord Palmerston as to Southern Recognition His Argument and Mine Quarrel between Man and Wife Personal Appearance and Characteristics of Lord Palmerston, a Man who was young to the end Anecdote of Lady Palmerston CHAPTER III In France Public Opinion and the Press under the Empire The Press System Dardenne de la Grangerie of the Press Bureau Due de Morny, his Characteristics Count de Persigny Reminiscences of, and Negotiations with, the Emperor at Vichy for Three Weeks Garibaldi Breaks them Up My Impressions of Louis Napoleon Admiral Semmes' Last Night at Paris, before his Fight with the Kerseage His Characteristics CHAPTER IV Reminiscences of Thackeray and Laurence Oliphant and of Mrs. Oliphant Thackeray as he appeared in Private Life The Man as distinguished from the Author CHAPTER V Recollections of General Gordon and of Captain Burton during several Years' Intimacy with Both Personal Peculiarities and Anecdotes concerning the Two Attempt of Gordon to enlist Burton's Co-operation Why it failed Gordon's Methods and Burton's A Word as to Stanley's Lady Burton as a Woman and Authoress CHAPTER VI At Constantinople The City of Stamboul, and the European Colonies of Pera and Galata Fresh Impressions on and after Landing up the Hill to Pera What it is like CHAPTER VII A Friday Morning at Beschicktach The Sultan at his Prayers Incidents of the Ceremonial Abdul Hamid's Conduct on such Occasions His Personal Appearance and Peculiarities The History of Beschicktach, the Turkish Windsor Memories of Dead Sultans, and of one Buried Alive Artin Pacha Dadian, Under Secretary of State CHAPTER VIII A Summer on the Upper Bosphorus Up and Down in Steamer and Caique Therapia and Buyukdere, the Summer Resorts of the Diplomatic Corps, and European Society Admiral Hobart Pacha, Sketch of his Life and Character from Personal Observation. . . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.

The Man without a CountryBy Edward E. Hale Introduction Love of country is a sentiment so universal that it is only on such rare occasions as called this book into being that there is any need of discussing it or justifying it. There is a perfectly absurd statement by Charles Kingsley, in the preface to one of his books, written fifty years ago, in which he says that, while there can be loyalty to a king or a queen, there cannot be loyalty to one's country. This story of Philip Nolan was written in the darkest period of the Civil War, to show what love of country is. There were persons then who thought that if their advice had been taken there need have been no Civil War. There were persons whose every-day pursuits were greatly deranged by the Civil War. It proved that the lesson was a lesson gladly received. I have had letters from seamen who read it as they were lying in our blockade squadrons off the mouths of Southern harbors. I have had letters from men who read it soon after the Vicksburg campaign. And in other ways I have had many illustrations of its having been of use in what I have a right to call the darkest period of the Republic. To-day we are not in the darkest period of the Republic. This nation never wishes to make war. Our whole policy is a policy of peace, and peace is the protection of the Christian civilization to which we are pledged. It is always desirable to teach young men and young women, and old men and old women, and all sorts of people, to understand what the country is. It is a Being. The LORD, God of nations, has called it into existence, and has placed it here with certain duties in defence of the civilization of the world. It was the intention of this parable, which describes the life of one man who tried to separate himself from his country, to show how terrible was his mistake. It does not need now that a man should curse the United States, as Philip Nolan did, or that he should say he hopes he may never hear her name again, to make it desirable for him to consider the lessons which are involved in the parable of his life. Any man is "without a country who, by his sneers, or by looking backward, or by revealing his country's secrets to her enemy, checks for one hour the movements which lead to peace among the nations of the world, or weakens the arm of the nation in her determination to secure justice between man and man, and in general to secure the larger life of her people." He has not damned the United States in a spoken oath... ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Windham Press is committed to bringing the lost cultural heritage of ages past into the 21st century through high-quality reproductions of original, classic printed works at affordable prices. This book has been carefully crafted to utilize the original images of antique books rather than error-prone OCR text. This also preserves the work of the original typesetters of these classics, unknown craftsmen who laid out the text, often by hand, of each and every page you will read. Their subtle art involving judgment and interaction with the text is in many ways superior and more human than the mechanical methods utilized today, and gave each book a unique, hand-crafted feel in its text that connected the reader organically to the art of bindery and book-making. We think these benefits are worth the occasional imperfection resulting from the age of these books at the time of scanning, and their vintage feel provides a connection to the past that goes beyond the mere words of the text.