Bøger udgivet af World Bank Publications

This volume summarizes a series of studies undertaken to better understand the current socioeconomic context of the Northern and Eastern provinces in Sri Lanka. Nearly a decade after the end of the Sri Lankan civil war, the Northern and Eastern provinces lag in key social and economic measures. The study was made up of six background studies focused on (i) the provincial economies and economic structures of the North and East; (ii) labor force dynamics; (iii) demographic changes and impacts on vulnerability; (iv) the psychosocial needs of the local population; (v) community and social institutions; and (vi) livelihood trends and impacts of the war on productive assets. These studies were informed by both primary data collection, as well as secondary data sources and literature. The key findings from the assessment show that significant public investments in the Northern and Eastern provinces have resulted in growth and convergence between these provinces and the rest of the country. However, pockets of poverty and deprivation remain across these provinces, and the economic base of the region has yet to fully recover from the impacts of the civil war. Social vulnerabilities were persistent across the Northern and Eastern provinces, and were closely linked with poverty rates. With the demographic impacts of the war, vulnerabilities for women are growing in the region. There was a high rate of psychosocial needs recorded, and evidence that the social fabric has not been fully restored since the war. Citizen engagement, trust, and accountability remain important priorities, alongside economic revival, job creation, and restoring the social fabric and local institutions.

This volume supports Vietnam's path to economic prosperity by identifying policies and targeted interventions that will drive development through leveraging GVC participation that take major shifts in trade policy and rapid technological advances in ICT into account.

Proposes a simple framework to understand the political economy of subsidy reform and applies it to four in-depth country studies covering more than 30 reform episodes. The most successful reforms involve active efforts by policy leaders to identify the political forces supporting energy subsidies and redirect or inoculate them.

Analyses the spatial development patterns of Mexican cities and examines how recent urban spatial growth has affected economic performance and livability. Based on the analysis, this report offers recommendations and instruments to support more sustainable spatial development and to make Mexican cities become more productive and inclusive.

En Cote d'ivoire depuis la fin des annees 1970 I'urbanisation est correlee negativernent au revenu par tete, alors que la pauvrete augmente. Toutefois une urbanisation bien geree peut accelerer I'accession de la Cote d'ivoire au statut de pays a revenu interrnediaire.

Uses data from the World Bank's STEP Household Skills Survey to explore patterns of educational mismatch in 12 developing countries. Workers are considered "mismatched" if their personal education is different than that required by their jobs. The report finds that over-education is common across diverse developing contexts.

Cote d'Ivoire urbanization has been negatively correlated with incomes since the 1970s, and poverty has increased. This report identifies constraints and opportunities for urbanization across four dimensions: planning, connecting, financing, and greening cities.

Excise taxes are targeted special taxes applied to a particular set of goods, such as cigarettes, beer, and spirits. Well designed, they can be a win-win, raising significant revenues for development and discouraging harmful consumption. Sin Tax Reform documents and draws lessons from how the Philippines implemented a major excise reform.

From Oil to Cities: Nigeria's Next Transformation serves the critical and timely purpose of understanding the challenges and opportunities of urbanization in Nigeria.

Performance budgeting is a reform adopted by governments in many OECD countries and encouraged by development agencies. This book explores the experiences of seven countries and suggests a fresh approach to avoid classic pitfalls and adopting ideas from successful reformers.

After years of high growth and poverty reduction, Ghana is now facing important economic and social challenges. More jobs, jobs that pay better, and jobs that include the more vulnerable groups will be needed. This book provides a diagnostic of Ghana's workers and jobs and possible policy directions going forward.

Identifies a four-pillar strategy for Bangladesh to sustain and accelerate export growth: breaking into new markets, breaking into new products, improving worker and consumer welfare, and building a supportive environment.

The book is structured to be of use to researchers, planners, and economists who are tasked with analysing key areas of health labour markets, including overall labour market assessments as well as and more narrow and targeted analyses of demand and supply (including production and migration), performance, and remuneration of health.

Depois de quase um quarto de seculo de implementacao de reformas para a cobertura universal de saude, e chegada a hora de avaliar como a regiao se saiu neste sentido.

Assesses the technical work and the policy actions taken by the Georgian government during 2014 and 2015. It covers the full cycle of the reform of a social assistance program, from establishing the objectives to the design of compensation measures that minimize the number of newly ineligible beneficiaries.

Resume: L'Afrique est sur le bord d'un lancement potentiel de croissance economique soutenue. Cette ascension peut etre acceleree par un dividende demographique du aux changements dans la structure par age de la population. Les baisses de la mortalite infantile, suivies par la baisse de la fecondite, produisent une generation.

Examines the challenges and opportunities facing the livestock sector in dryland regions of sub-Saharan Africa. This paper presents a novel way of thinking about pastoral development, grounded in a conceptual framework and modeling that focuses on the multiple shocks faced by drylands livestock keepers.

How do you make government more effective and efficient? Part of the answer lies in the ability to manage money well. This study describes steps taken by the UK to professionalize financial management in Government, through specialised recruitment, career development and the creation of professional networks.

Provides an overview of issues core to EI economics; discusses key components of the sector's governance, policy, and institutional frameworks; and identifies the public sector's EI-related financing obligations. Its discussion of EI economics covers the valuation of subsoil assets, the economic interpretation of ore, and the structure of energy and mineral markets.

Draws on the experience of eight different case studies from around the world. The case studies outline various policy and financial instruments to attract private sector investment in urban regeneration of underutilized/unutilized areas and the requisite infrastructure improvements.

Provides a narrative description of the institutional and management decisions, infrastructure, systems and processes, impact, and lessons learned and policy implications for developing countries from Korea's multi-decade Digital Governance experience.

"Countries regularly track gross domestic product (GDP) as an indicator of their economic progress, but not wealth the assets such as infrastructure, forests, minerals, and human capital that produce GDP. In contrast, corporations routinely report on both their income and assets to assess their economic health and prospects for the future. Wealth accounts allow countries to take stock of their assets to monitor the sustainability of development, an urgent concern today for all countries. [This book] covers national wealth for 141 countries over 20 years (1995 2014) as the sum of produced capital, 19 types of natural capital, net foreign assets, and human capital overall as well as by gender and type of employment...New data substantially improve estimates of natural capital, and, for the first time, human capital is measured by using household surveys to estimate lifetime earnings. [This book] begins with a review of global and regional trends in wealth over the past two decades and provides examples of how wealth accounts can be used for the analysis of development patterns. Several chapters discuss the new work on human capital and its application in development policy. The book then tackles elements of natural capital that are not yet fully incorporated in the wealth accounts: air pollution, marine fisheries, and ecosystems."--

This book is the first stocktaking of what the decarbonization of the world economy means for fossil fuel-dependent countries. These countries are the most exposed to the impacts of global climate policies and, at the same time, are often unprepared to manage them. They depend on the export of oil, gas, or coal; the use of carbon-intensive infrastructure (for example, refineries, petrochemicals, and coal power plants); or both. Fossil fuel-dependent countries face financial, fiscal, and macro-structural risks from the transition of the global economy away from carbon-intensive fuels and the value chains based on them. This book focuses on managing these transition risks and harnessing related opportunities. Diversification and Cooperation in a Decarbonizing World identifies multiple strategies that fossil fuel-dependent countries can pursue to navigate the turbulent waters of a low-carbon transition. The policy and investment choices to be made in the next decade will determine these countries' degree of exposure and overall resilience. Abandoning their comfort zones and developing completely new skills and capabilities in a time frame consistent with the Paris Agreement on climate change is a daunting challenge and requires long-term revenue visibility and consistent policy leadership. This book proposes a constructive framework for climate strategies for fossil fuel-dependent countries based on new approaches to diversification and international climate cooperation. Climate policy leaders share responsibility for creating room for all countries to contribute to the goals of the Paris Agreement, taking into account the specific vulnerabilities and opportunities each country faces.

After more than three decades of average annual growth close to 10 percent, China's economy is transitioning to a 'new normal' of slower but more balanced and sustainable growth. Its old drivers of growth -- a growing labor force, the migration from rural areas to cities, high levels of investments, and expanding exports -- are waning or having less impact. China's policymakers are well aware that the country needs new drivers of growth. This report proposes a reform agenda that emphasizes productivity and innovation to help policymakers promote China's future growth and achieve their vision of a modern and innovative China. The reform agenda is based on the three D's: removing Distortions to strengthen market competition and enhance the efficient allocation of resources in the economy; accelerating Diffusion of advanced technologies and management practices in China's economy, taking advantage of the large remaining potential for catch-up growth; and fostering Discovery and nurturing China's competitive and innovative capacity as China approaches OECD incomes in the decades ahead and extends the global innovation and technology frontier.