Bøger udgivet af World Scientific Publishing Company

This book aims to tell the Abu Dhabi story in economic development, from its past dominance in oil to its economic vision for the future. More than being an exemplar of industrial restructuring and diversification from a resource-based to a 21st century knowledge-based economy and society, Abu Dhabi emphasises its cultural legacy and tradition as an environmental advocate for green and sustainable pathways. It has as many challenges as creative responses to show that its success is not by wealth alone. This case study unveils Abu Dhabi in particular and the rest of Arabic and GCC economic development in general. They have all attracted foreign investment and global business, typically as hydrocarbon-rich resource economies. Beyond that, the geoeconomics and geopolitics of the Middle East and North Africa, with or without the Arab Spring in 2011 is in and of itself, a rich region for multidisciplinary studies and research, not just for economics and business. With Qatar, Abu Dhabi boasts of one of the highest per capita income in the world; therein lies a reason to enquire about its success and pivotal role in the GCC and global contexts.

At the recent UN Climate Change Conferences in Copenhagen and Cancun, the developed nations promised hundreds of billions of dollars in financial aid to help developing countries overcome global climate change dangers. Moreover, developed nations need to spend billions more to limit their own greenhouse gas pollution, the cause of global warming and climate change. Will all this money and effort be wasted? This book argues that nearly all of the world's climate policy makers and expert advisors have been making tragic mistakes that ensure the failures of climate change mitigation attempts. The great majority of climate change programs, from American congressional bills to cap-and-trade economic incentive schemes to the Kyoto Protocol and other international treaties, rely on greenhouse gas emissions-reduction targets that will prove "too little, too late" by deferring strict pollution controls too far into the future. The inadequate emissions-reduction measures also will not be able to bridge the gap between the highest priorities of developed and developing nations. Vast discharges of greenhouse gases authorized by weak emissions-reduction programs in the next several decades virtually guarantee that the cumulative concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will keep increasing while climate change continues to grow worse. Rather than adopting ineffectual emissions-reduction programs that cannot limit the cumulative concentration of greenhouse gases in the air, this book proposes a shift to a "clean" technology-replacement strategy that could support current lifestyles and expanding economic development without further damaging our climate. The only way to reduce the greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere enough to decrease climate change hazards is to replace large pollution sources as rapidly as feasible in as many industrial sectors and geographic regions as possible with "clean" alternative technologies, processes, and methods.

The book deals with quantum field theory which is the language of the modern physics of elementary particles. Written based on university lectures given by the author, the book provides treatments and technical details of quantum field theory, which will be particularly useful for students. The book starts with the quantization of the most important kind of free fields (the scalar, the spin-1/2 and the photon fields). It is then followed by a detailed account of the symmetry properties of a field theory and a discussion on global and local symmetries and the spontaneous breaking of symmetries. Other topics discussed include the perturbation theory, one-loop effects for quantum electrodynamics, and renormalization properties.

Exercise Personal Training 101 provides a message of empowerment for personal trainers who believe in the holistic development of their clients. The key philosophy of the book is to help personal trainers of exercise to empower their clients with good problem-solving and decision-making skills concerning their health and well-being. Good personal trainers become great personal trainers when they practise HELP with their clients and help them to become better problem-solvers and decision makers rather than telling them what to do, by offering sound and scientifically-based information that is personalised and appropriate. Personal exercise training books that address associated issues of the profession are rare and not easily available. Many personal trainers are self-taught, do not have the required qualifications and are motivated by the amount of money that they can make rather than the health and well-being of clients. Readers will learn what makes a good personal trainer and those who are in the profession can benefit by equipping themselves with the knowledge, skills and attitudes that will make them a great exercise personal trainer. Excellent personal trainers can be lifestyle and wellness coaches who are renowned for their great listening skills and high emotional quotient. They exceed client expectations at every opportunity. Special features in the book include concept statements, strategies for action, technology updates, in the news, key points and technical jargon, web-resources and follow-up references. The book is a must-read whether you are starting out in personal training or you are an experienced personal trainer.

Physiological Basis: Acupuncture for Pain Control; Acupuncture for Neurological Deficits; Acupuncture for Immunomodulation; Acupuncture for Endocrine Function; Common Practices: A Practical Approach to Acupuncture; Technique of Manual Puncturing; Acupuncture for Headache; Acupuncture for Stroke; Acupuncture for Asthma; Acupuncture for Joint Pain; Acupuncture for Bladder Control Treatment for Urethral Syndrome in the Women; Acupuncture for Quitting Smoking; Acupuncture for Other Conditions Obesity, Skin Conditions, Hyperthyroidism and Ulcerative Colitis; Discovery of Novel Acupuncture Points; Electrical Acupuncture.

The field of marketing and management has undergone immense changes over the past decade. These dynamic changes are driving an increasing need for data analysis using quantitative modelling. Problem solving using the quantitative approach and other models has always been a hot topic in the fields of marketing and management. Quantitative modelling seems admirably suited to help managers in their strategic decision making on operations management issues. In social sciences, quantitative research refers to the systematic empirical investigation of social phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques. This book focuses on the description and applications of many quantitative modelling approaches applied to marketing and management. The structure encompasses statistical, computer and mathematical as well as other models. The topics range from fuzzy logic and logical discriminant models to growth models and k-clique models. It also covers current research being conducted in the field.

In the era of globalization and liberalization, the world is enjoying high growth as well as suffering from the in-effects of unequal distribution of its economic outcomes. The activities of anti-government demonstration in China and Occupy Wall Street reflect that inequality has become an international phenomenon happens both in poor countries with dictatorial authority and rich countries with a democratic regime. Consequently, the inequality issue has become not only a hurdle to the development of one country but also a threat to its social and political stability. The spread of the Jasmine Revolution in some parts of Africa and the Arab Spring is a good example. This book shows the inconsistencies of high growth and increasing inequality with case studies of 11 countries and regions, and OECD members based on original household surveys. It indicates the seriousness of income inequality, explores factors that caused the inequality and analyzes their economic and social consequences. The book raises three key questions: (1) Can high growth shrink inequality gradually? (2) Can government intervention be efficient to equalize income distribution? (3) Is income disparity an engine or an obstacle of high growth?

One of the most successful methods for discovering the way mental processes are organized is to observe the effects in experiments of selectively influencing the processes. Selective influence is crucial in techniques such as Sternberg's additive factor method for reaction times and Jacoby's process dissociation procedure for accuracy. The successful uses of selective influence have encouraged application extensions to complex architectures, to dependent variables such as evoked potentials, and to complex interpretations. But the common themes have become lost in the details of separate uses and specialized terminology. The book gives an introductory and unified account of the many uses of the technique in cognitive psychology. Related models from operations research and human factors are covered. The applications include dual tasks, visual and memory search, timing, categorization, and recall. The book takes a self-contained approach starting with clear explanations of the elementary notions and a building to advanced techniques. The book is written with graduate students in mind, but has content of interest to all researchers in cognitive science and cognitive engineering.

This book is a collection of articles written by the two authors on the topic of equality of opportunity. All articles build on the idea that a just society should equalize the resources that determine the opportunities agents face in order to follow their goals. Resources are either external, like financial resources, or internal, like preferences or skills. The authors propose to define "equality of opportunity" as the combination of ethical principles of compensation and responsibility. The principle of compensation requires external resources to be used to compensate low-skilled agents (considering that inequalities due to skill differences are unjust). The principle of responsibility requires external resources to be allocated without regards to inequalities due to differences in preferences (considering that these inequalities are not unjust). The articles present different ways of combining the two principles in different economic contexts. The book offers many possible aspects of the analysis of equality of opportunity, ranging from axiomatic discussions in abstract compensation models, to the design of redistribution policies in concrete labor income taxation models.

Assuming foundational knowledge of special and general relativity, this book guides the reader on issues surrounding black holes, wormholes and cosmology. Half of it is devoted to local strong field configurations (black holes and wormholes) in general relativity and the most relevant of alternative theories: scalar tensor, f(R) and multidimensional theories. The remaining half is on cosmology, including inflation and a unified description of the whole evolution of the universe. Much of the content is new in book publications, because it was previously found only in journal publications, e.g. regarding regular black holes, various scalar field solutions, wormholes and their stability. The original approach to nonlinear multidimensional gravity that is able to construct a unique perspective describing different phenomena is highlighted. Expository work is conducted for mechanism of symmetries and fundamental constants formation.

This unique book is a collection of articles published by the author in leading newspapers around the world. The papers focus on food chains and new concepts and ideas on how to increase competitiveness and value within the food and agricultural sectors. The book gives a comprehensive description of the food chain and suggests methods and tools that can be used by companies to re-structure their innovative market strategies. It discusses up-to-date trends, world food crises, integrated food chains and strategic planning for companies in the food sector. It also covers international investments and the role of governments in food chains. The book will motivate readers to rethink how business is conducted in the food chain and proposes new strategies for companies in the food sector. It is a must-read for entrepreneurs and researchers who are active in the food chain network.

This volume is the third edition of the first-ever elementary book on the Langevin equation method for the solution of problems involving the translational and rotational Brownian motion of particles and spins in a potential highlighting modern applications in physics, chemistry, electrical engineering, and so on. In order to improve the presentation, to accommodate all the new developments, and to appeal to the specialized interests of the various communities involved, the book has been extensively rewritten and a very large amount of new material has been added. This has been done in order to present a comprehensive overview of the subject emphasizing via a synergetic approach that seemingly unrelated physical problems involving random noise may be described using virtually identical mathematical methods in the spirit of the founders of the subject, viz., Einstein, Langevin, Smoluchowski, Kramers, etc. The book has been written in such a way that all the material should be accessible both to an advanced researcher and a beginning graduate student. It draws together, in a coherent fashion, a variety of results which have hitherto been available only in the form of scattered research papers and review articles.

The subject of fractional calculus and its applications (that is, convolution-type pseudo-differential operators including integrals and derivatives of any arbitrary real or complex order) has gained considerable popularity and importance during the past three decades or so, mainly due to its applications in diverse fields of science and engineering. These operators have been used to model problems with anomalous dynamics, however, they also are an effective tool as filters and controllers, and they can be applied to write complicated functions in terms of fractional integrals or derivatives of elementary functions, and so on. This book will give readers the possibility of finding very important mathematical tools for working with fractional models and solving fractional differential equations, such as a generalization of Stirling numbers in the framework of fractional calculus and a set of efficient numerical methods. Moreover, we will introduce some applied topics, in particular fractional variational methods which are used in physics, engineering or economics. We will also discuss the relationship between semi-Markov continuous-time random walks and the space-time fractional diffusion equation, which generalizes the usual theory relating random walks to the diffusion equation. These methods can be applied in finance, to model tick-by-tick (log)-price fluctuations, in insurance theory, to study ruin, as well as in macroeconomics as prototypical growth models. All these topics are complementary to what is dealt with in existing books on fractional calculus and its applications currently existing in the market. This book will be written with a trade-off in mind between full mathematical rigor and the needs of readers coming from different applied areas of science and engineering. In particular, the numerical methods listed in the book are presented in a readily accessible way that immediately allows the readers to implement them on a computer in a programming language of their choice.

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is a large, complex, and diverse region, which faces a wide range of economic issues. The MENA group includes Algeria, Bahrain, Cyprus, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. This book uses analytical tools drawn from the trade, labor, finance, and development literature to critically analyze and compare these countries' economic policies. The purpose of this book is not to provide a country-by-country study but rather to deal with general themes such as growth and structural change, labor market imperfections, technology gaps, endogenous growth, capital markets, savings and investment behaviors, and the economics of terror. This approach helps us raise general questions about the growth experience of the region as a whole, and at the same time, focus on key sector issues such as the relevance of Islamic banking to capital formation. The book serves as both a textbook and a summary of the very large literature on MENA. It examines the following economic realities of the region and compares them across the MENA economies: * Technology gap and comparative development * The value of education and human capital development * Water and food security * The economics and politics of oil * Population growth, role of gender, and labor mobility * The role of the state as economic actor * The economic value of democracy * The prospects for regional integration * Economic impact of terrorism

This book presents the extended Lagrange and Hamilton formalisms of point mechanics and field theory in the usual tensor language of standard textbooks on classical dynamics. The notion "extended" signifies that the physical time of point dynamics as well as the space-time in field theories are treated as dynamical variables. It thus elaborates on some important questions including: How do we convert the canonical formalisms of Lagrange and Hamilton that are built upon Newton's concept of an absolute time into the appropriate form of the post-Einstein era? How do we devise a Hamiltonian field theory with space-time as a dynamical variable in order to also cover General Relativity?In this book, the authors demonstrate how the canonical transformation formalism enables us to systematically devise gauge theories. With the extended canonical transformation formalism that allows to map the space-time geometry, it is possible to formulate a generalized theory of gauge transformations. For a system that is form-invariant under both a local gauge transformation of the fields and under local variations of the space-time geometry, we will find a formulation of General Relativity to emerge naturally from basic principles rather than being postulated.

This book provides a systematic and comprehensive description of Non-Axiomatic Logic, which is the result of the author's research for about three decades. Non-Axiomatic Logic is designed to provide a uniform logical foundation for Artificial Intelligence, as well as an abstract description of the "laws of thought" followed by the human mind. Different from "mathematical" logic, where the focus is the regularity required when demonstrating mathematical conclusions, Non-Axiomatic Logic is an attempt to return to the original aim of logic, that is, to formulate the regularity in actual human thinking. To achieve this goal, the logic is designed under the assumption that the system has insufficient knowledge and resources with respect to the problems to be solved, so that the "logical conclusions" are only valid with respect to the available knowledge and resources. Reasoning processes according to this logic covers cognitive functions like learning, planning, decision making, problem solving, etc. This book is written for researchers and students in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science, and can be used as a textbook for courses at graduate level, or upper-level undergraduate, on Non-Axiomatic Logic.

This is a book about the "Halting Problem", arguably the most (in)famous computer-related problem: can an algorithm decide in finite time whether an arbitrary computer program eventually stops? This seems a dull, petty question: after all, you run the program and wait till it stops. However, what if the program does not stop in a reasonable time, a week, a year, or a decade? Can you infer that it will never stop? The answer is negative. Does this raise your interest? If not, consider these questions: Can mathematics be done by computers only? Can software testing be fully automated? Can you write an anti-virus program which never needs any updates? Can we make the Internet perfectly secure? Your guess is correct: the answer to each question is negative. The Halting Problem is "hidden" in many subjects, from logic (is mathematics free of contradictions?), physics (is quantum randomness perfect?), to philosophy (do humans have free will, or do our brains generate our thoughts and decisions in a deterministic way?) and quantum computing (why we don't have a quantum Halting Problem?) - this book will visit each of them.Written in an informal and thought-provoking language, supported with suggestive illustrations and applications and almost free of arcane mathematics (formal arguments are relegated to particular parts dedicated to the mathematically-oriented reader), the book will stimulate the curiosity and participation of the reader interested in the consequences of the limits of computing and in various attempts to cope with them.

This volume provides a wide selection of problems (and solutions) to all those interested in mathematical problem solving and is accessible to readers from high school students to professionals. It is a resource for those interested in mathematical competitions ranging from high school level to the William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition (for undergraduate students). The collection offers challenges for students, teachers, and recreational mathematicians.

This is an in-depth study of a most important but somewhat controversial Hua-ch'iao (Overseas Chinese) of the history of twentieth-century China and South-East Asia Tan Kah-kee (1874 1961). For a Chinese immigrant in South-East Asia to make good is not unique, but what is unique in Tan Kah-kee's case is his enormous contribution to employment and economic development in Singapore and Malaya. He was the only Chinese in history to have single-handedly founded a private university in Amoy and financially maintained it for sixteen years. He was the only Hua-ch'iao of his generation to have led the Chinese in South-East Asia to help China to resist the Japanese invasion in a concerted and coordinated manner. Moreover, he was the only Hua-ch'iao leader to have played both Singapore and China politics and affairs in close quarters, rubbing shoulders with British governors, Chinese officials and commanders. Finally, it is important to point out that Tan Kah-kee was the only Hua-ch'iao in his times to have combined his Pang, community and political power and influences for the advancement of community, regional and national goals. This is an in-depth study of not just Tan Kah-kee per se but also the making of a legend through his deeds, self-sacrifices, fortitude and foresight. This revised edition sheds new light on his political agonies in Mao's China over campaigns against capitalists and intellectuals. Moreover, it analyses more comprehensively the varied legacies of Tan Kah-kee, including his successors, the style of his non-partisan political leadership, his educational strategy for nation-building, social change and "the Spirit of Tan Kah-kee," currently in vogue in his home province, Fukien.

Fractional calculus is undergoing rapidly and ongoing development. We can already recognize, that within its framework new concepts and strategies emerge, which lead to new challenging insights and surprising correlations between different branches of physics. This book is an invitation both to the interested student and the professional researcher. It presents a thorough introduction to the basics of fractional calculus and guides the reader directly to the current state-of-the-art physical interpretation. It is also devoted to the application of fractional calculus on physical problems, in the subjects of classical mechanics, friction, damping, oscillations, group theory, quantum mechanics, nuclear physics, and hadron spectroscopy up to quantum field theory.

This book is appropriate for second to fourth year undergraduates. In addition to the material traditionally taught at this level, the book contains several applications: Polya Burnside Enumeration, Mutually Orthogonal Latin Squares, Error-Correcting Codes and a classification of the finite groups of isometries of the plane and the finite rotation groups in Euclidean 3-space. It is hoped that these applications will help the reader achieve a better grasp of the rather abstract ideas presented and convince him/her that pure mathematics, in addition to having an austere beauty of its own, can be applied to solving practical problems. An entire chapter is devoted to studying the algebraic system of the integers mod n under the usual operations of addition and multiplication. The reader is thus introduced via congruence classes to the idea of cosets and factor groups. This enables the transition to cosets and factor objects in a more abstract setting to be relatively painless. The chapters dealing with applications help to reinforce the concepts and methods developed in the context of more down-to earth problems. Most introductory texts in abstract algebra either avoid cosets, factor objects and homomorphisms completely or introduce them towards the end of the book. In this book, these topics are dealt with early on so that the reader has at his/her disposal the tools required to give elegant proofs of the fundamental theorems. Moreover, homomorphisms play such a prominent role in algebra that they are used in this text wherever possible, even if there are alternative methods of proof.

This book provides an introduction to measure theory and functional analysis suitable for a beginning graduate course, and is based on notes the author had developed over several years of teaching such a course. It is unique in placing special emphasis on the separable setting, which allows for a simultaneously more detailed and more elementary exposition, and for its rapid progression into advanced topics in the spectral theory of families of self-adjoint operators. The author's notion of measurable Hilbert bundles is used to give the spectral theorem a particularly elegant formulation not to be found in other textbooks on the subject.

This is the first book on the theory of multiple zeta values since its birth around 1994. Readers will find that the shuffle products of multiple zeta values are applied to complicated counting problems in combinatorics, producing numerous interesting identities that are ready to be used. This will provide a powerful tool to deal with problems in multiple zeta values, both in evaluations and shuffle relations. The volume will benefit graduate students doing research in number theory.

This book provides a comprehensive account of basic concepts of quantum mechanics in a coherent manner. The book is self-contained and not only covers basic concepts in quantum mechanics but also provides a basis for applications in atomic and laser physics, nuclear and particle physics, and condensed matter physics. It also covers relativistic quantum mechanics, in particular the Dirac equation and its applications.

The book aims at describing the recent developments in the existence and stability of Nash equilibrium. The two topics are central to game theory and economics and have been extensively researched. Recent results on existence and stability of Nash equilibrium are scattered and the relationship between them has not been explained clearly. The book will make these results easily accessible and understandable to researchers in the field.

This book shows that it is possible to provide a fully rigorous treatment of calculus for those planning a career in an area that uses mathematics regularly (e.g., statistics, mathematics, economics, finance, engineering, etc.). It reveals to students on the ways to approach and understand mathematics. It covers efficiently and rigorously the differential and integral calculus, and its foundations in mathematical analysis. It also aims at a comprehensive, efficient, and rigorous treatment by introducing all the concepts succinctly. Experience has shown that this approach, which treats understanding on par with technical ability, has long term benefits for students.