Bøger i Nato ASI Subseries B: serien

The Advanced Study Institute on "Quantum Dynamics of Molecules: The New Experimental Challenge to Theorists," which was sponsored by the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO, was held at Trinity Hall, Ca~bridge, England from September 15th till September 29th, 1979.

A NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Strongly Coupled Plasma Physics was held on the Santa Cruz Campus of the University of California, from August 4 through August 9, 1986. It was attended by 80 participants from 13 countries, 45 of whom were invited speakers. The present volume contains the texts of the invited talks and many of the contributed papers. The relative length of each text is roughly proportional to the length of the workshop presentation. The aim of the workshop was to bring together leading researchers from a number of related disciplines in which strong Coulomb interactions play a dominant role. Compared to the 1977 meeting in Orleans-la-Source, France and the 1982 meeting in Les-Houches, France, it is apparent that the field of strongly coupled plasmas has expanded greatly and has become a very significant field of physics with a wide range of applications. This workshop had a far greater participation of experimental researchers than did the previous two, and some confrontations of real experiments with theoretical calculations occurred. In the two earlier meetings the theoretical presentations were dominated by numerical simulations of static and dynamic properties of various strongly coupled plasmas. The dearth of experiments in the 1970's is now replaced by some very good experimental efforts.

The solid, liquid, and gaseous states are ordinary states, but the fourth state of matter, the plasma state, has retained a somewhat extraordinary character. The study of matter in the ionized state comprises a large diversity of problems belonging to many different branches of phys ics.

This book has its or1g1n in a NATO Summer School organized from June 25 to July 7 1979, in Menton, France. The need of putting together these lectures, in the form of a monograph, clearly appeared during the ASI and the lecturers accepted to write down the material they presented at the Institute, improved thanks to the remarks of the participants.

A NATO Advanced Studies Institute was held June 12-23, 1978, at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, Wisconsin. The result is a compendium of advanced techniques and current results in these two rapidly-expanding fields of nuclear theory which should serve interested physicists as an ideal introduction to the fields.

Such a framework allows one to understand why it is important to develop social skills, and the effects that such skill development should have. If the reader has a thorough understanding of the concept of social skills and their development, it becomes possible to make appropriate innovations and adaptions to his or her own circumstances.

The interest of describing the ground state properties of a system in terms of one electron density (or its two spin components) is obvious, in particular due to the simple physical significance of this function.

The present volume contains contributions presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Molecular Ions held on the island of Kos, Greece, from September 30 to October 10, 1980.

The Advanced Study Institute on Strongly Coupled Plasmas was held on the campus of the Universite d'Orleans, Orleans-la-Source, France, from July 6th through July 23rd, 1977. For the first time, the Institute assembled workers from various disciplines who had been involved with diverse aspects of the strongly coupled plasma problem.

Volume 5 of Advances in Nutritional Research reflects a strong current interest in the relationship between nutrition and disease. The impact of disease on nutritional status is described for hepatic encephalopathy and cancer and for several ailments of hospitalized children. The impact of nutrition on disease is illustrated using the examples of retinol in tumorigenesis, vitamins A and E in inflammatory lung disease, fatty acids in atherogenesis and obesity, and folate in megaloblastic anemia. The contents will be of particular interest to clinicians and to students of nutritional biochemistry. vii Contents Chapter 1. Nutritional Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy ...Robert H. Bower and Josef E. Fischer 1. Introduction ...1 2. The Nature of Hepatic Encephalopathy...2 2.1. The Ammonia Concept ...2 2.2. The Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Concept...3 3. Nutritional Support in Hepatic Insufficiency...6 3. 1. Therapeutic Implications ...6 3.2. Therapeutic Options...6 4. Experiments in Animals...7 5. Experience with Patients in Hepatic Encephalopathy ...7 5.1. Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy ...7 5.2. Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy...9 References ...9 Chapter 2.Cellular Retinol-and Retinoic Acid-Binding Proteins...13 Frank Chytil and David E. Ong 1 . Introduction ...13 ...2. Cellular Retinol-and Retinoic Acid-Binding Proteins ...13 . 2.1. Detection ...14 ...2.2. Characteristics ...15 ...3. Binding Proteins in Cultured Cells ...19 ...4. Binding Proteins in Tumors...23 ...4.1. Binding Proteins in Experimental Tumors ...23 ...4.2. Binding Proteins in Human Tumors ...23 ...References ...26 ...ix x Contents Chapter 3. Nutrition and 3-Methylindole-lnduced Lung Injury ...31 ...

However, the emphasis was still on collision-induced absorption in compressed gases, although some work on liquids, solid H , and related subjects such as ro 2 tational relaxation was included.

Over the past two decades much more, and much more detailed, information on phonon transport and on many of the inherent phonon interaction processes have come to light from experiments which use nonequilibrium phonons to study their dynamics.

The first instruments to expand the observational range of the human eye were simple optical systems, designed in the case of microscopes and telescopes to magnify the image.

A NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Strongly Coupled Plasma Physics was held on the Santa Cruz Campus of the University of California, from August 4 through August 9, 1986.

The 1988 Summer School on New Aspects of Nuclear Dynamics took place in the style that by now has become a tradition: a series of lectures by well known scientists on modem topics of nuclear physics, where special emphasis is placed on the didactic aspects of the lectures.

The 1981 Cargese Summer Institute on Fundamental Interactions was organized by the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (M. It was the 24th Summer Institute held at Cargese and the 8th one organized by the two institutes of theoretical physics at Leuven and Louvain-Ia-Neuve.

The importance of real space imaging and spatially-resolved spectroscopy in many of the most significant problems of surface and interface behaviour is almost self evident.

Volumes 30 and 31 of this series, dealing with "Many Degrees of Freedom," contain the proceedings of the 1976 International Summer Institute of Theoretical Physics, held at the university of Bielefeld from August 23 to September 4, 1976.

The 1976 Cargese Summer Institute was devoted to the study of certain exciting developments in quantum field theory and critical phenomena.

For the eighth Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Techniques and Concepts of High-Energy Physics we returned once again to the Hotel on the Cay on that speck of land in the harbor of Christiansted, St. Croix, U.

The NATO ADVANCED SUMMER INSTITUTE ON THEORETICAL PHYSICS 1981 st was held in Freiburg, Germany from August 31 until September 11th 1981. It was the twelfth in a series of Summer Institutes organized by German Universities. Its main objective was a thorough comparison of structures and methods of two different branches of Theoretical Physics, name­ ly Elementary Particle Physics and Statistical Mechanics, and the idea was to exhibit the structural similarities, to trace them until their origins, to compare solution and approximation schemes and to report on those new results and methods in either of the two branches which are indicative of an intimate connection between them. Thus stimulation of a deeper understanding and development of new Methods could be hoped for in both fields. The contributions to the Summer Institute - lectures and seminars - are contained in this volume. One group of them gives concise up-to-date information on basic topics in Statistical Mechanics and Phase Transitions, Dynamical Systems, Solvable Lattice Models and Lattice Gauge The­ ories. A second group is devoted to special topics which illustrate the interrelationship between Statistical Mechanics and Elementary Particle Physics, like topological quantum numbers on a lattice, model studies on the confinement problem, etc. Supplementary information on experimental implications and on neighbouring fields is provided in a third group.

The Advanced Study Institute on "Advances in Superconductivity" was held at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture in Erice, Sicily, during July 3 to July 15, 1982.

Integrated Optics, encompassing all of the optical waveguide circuits which are the optical analog of integrated circuits, is finding its way into a variety of applications involving communi cations, high speed signal-processing, and sensors of many kinds.

The borderline of quantum electrodynamics and quantum optics offer spectacular results and problems concerning the foundations of radiation theory.

The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Interfaces, Quantum Wells and Superlattices" was held from August 16th to 29th, 1987, in Banff, Alberta, Canada.

The first series addressed the value of training, the second one dealt with the application of training technologies and the third and last of the series focused on academic issues concerned with the effect of prior learning on subsequent learning.

The 1982 Antwerp Advanced Study Institute on "Physics of Polarons and Excitons in Polar Semiconductors and Ionic Crystals" took place from July 26 till August 5 at the Conference Center Priorij Corsen donk, a restored monastery, close to the city of Antwerp.