European Economics

As attitudinal behavior patterns aren`t separable from achievement, so a lack of achievement in financial terms is indicative of irrationality. However, rationality isn`t simple. A person is valuable when a plastic ring, or nineteenth century German composer Richard Wagner`s Ring opera (1848-74), is as valuable as a ruby ring to them, because those who aren`t valuable don`t value anything, which has importance in terms of behavioral finance, that is, the rational investor, or arbitrageur, needs to be valuable themselves; if the science of behavioral finance is to have a successful impact on investment.