Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Role of Nutrition

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to conditions that are characterized by chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. There are two common types of IBD, which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Ulcerative colitis is a type of IBD that involves inflammation and sores along the superficial lining of the large intestine and rectum. Crohn's disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract but commonly affects the small intestine and upper part of the large intestine. Some common symptoms of IBD are persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, fatigue, reduced appetite, and unintended weight loss. Patients suffering from IBD are at the risk of malnutrition, and developing deficiencies of iron, vitamin B12, folic acid and several other macronutrients. Nutrition plays an important role in managing IBD. The Crohn's disease exclusion diet (CDED) can serve as an effective means to reduce possible nutrient deficiencies and improve dysbiosis. CDED consists of a reduced intake of animal and saturated fat, gluten-containing grains, and emulsifiers; and an increase in intake of fruits, vegetables, and resistant starch. This book outlines the role of nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It aims to serve as a resource guide for medical students and professionals.