Modeling the biochemical network that does dopamine signalling in the striatum

The ability to sense and react-to external environment is a crucial element of life. Transformation
of environmental stimuli to organismal response involves complex computations
which become increasingly sophisticated as an organism is higher up the tree of life. In
the animal kingdom, starting from lower level phyla except for Porifera, the elements involved
in these computations show a functional organization to form the nervous system
with varying degree of complexity, possibly, to increase the repertoire and efficiency of the
stimulus-response transformation. Given the dynamic nature of the external environment,
it is crucial that animals should be able to associate novel environmental stimuli to appropriate
responses, and also reconfigure the existing stimuli-response transformations in the
light of newer environmental realities. "Learning" encapsulates these abilities of an organism
to create novel association or update existing associations. One of the various forms
of learning is reward learning and it is fundamental to several animal behaviors. In reward
learning, if a stimulus or a stimulus-response pair is followed by a rewarding experience
then its perceived salience increases and this results in an association between the stimulus,
response and the reward. Using such associations built upon past experiences, an organism
could predict a possible reward if a specific stimulus is present in a given environmental
context and how it should respond to achieve this reward. In other words, reward learning is
a process of creating or updating stimuli-response transformations that is guided by reward
as a teaching signal.