Mustelidae

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 64. Chapters: Badgers, Mustelinae, Otters, Prehistoric mustelids, Wolverine, Weasel, Sea otter, Giant Otter, European Badger, Sea otter conservation, Honey Badger, Marbled Polecat, Oriental Small-clawed Otter, European Otter, American Badger, Badger-baiting, African Clawless Otter, Asian Badger, Hairy-nosed Otter, Smooth-coated Otter, European Pine Marten, Cameroon Clawless Otter, Megalictis ferox, Tayra, Japanese River Otter, Japanese badger, Trigonitis macrodon, Violet gland, African Striped Weasel, Potamotherium, Chamitataxus, Sett, Patagonian Weasel, Hog Badger, Satherium piscinarium, Lutra, Enhydritherium terraenovae, Spotted-necked Otter, Neotropical Otter, Megalenhydris, Japanese Otter, Plesictis, Sthenictis, Promartes, Ekorus ekakeran, Brachypsalis, Greater Grison, Oligobunis, Lesser Grison, Ferret-badger, Lontra, Aonyx, Zodiolestes, Meles, Oligobuninae, Ictonyx, Lutrogale, Dartmoor Badgers Protection League, Cyrnaonyx. Excerpt: The sea otter (Enhydra lutris), also known as the Kalan, is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean. Adult sea otters typically weigh between 14 and 45 kg (30 to 100 lb), making them the heaviest members of the weasel family, but among the smallest marine mammals. Unlike most marine mammals, the sea otter's primary form of insulation is an exceptionally thick coat of fur, the densest in the animal kingdom. Although it can walk on land, the sea otter lives mostly in the ocean. The sea otter inhabits nearshore environments where it dives to the sea floor to forage. It preys mostly upon marine invertebrates such as sea urchins, various molluscs and crustaceans, and some species of fish. Its foraging and eating habits are noteworthy in several respects. First, its use of rocks to dislodge prey and to open shells makes it one of the few mammal species to use tools. In most of its range, it is a keystone species, controlling sea urchin populations which would otherwise inflict extensive damage to kelp forest ecosystems. Its diet includes prey species that are also valued by humans as food, leading to conflicts between sea otters and fisheries. Sea otters, whose numbers were once estimated at 150,000¿300,000, were hunted extensively for their fur between 1741 and 1911, and the world population fell to 1,000¿2,000 individuals in a fraction of their historic range. A subsequent international ban on hunting, conservation efforts, and reintroduction programs into previously populated areas have contributed to numbers rebounding, and the species now occupies about two-thirds of its former range. The recovery of the sea otter is considered an important success in marine conservation, although populations in the Aleutian Islands and California have recently declined or have plateaued at depressed levels. For these reasons (as well as its particular vulnerability to oil spills) the sea otter remains classified as an endangered species.