Nonperturbative Topological Phenomena in QCD and Related Theories

Introduction.- Monopoles.- Monopole ensembles.- Fermions bound to monopoles.- Semiclassical theory based on Euclidean path integral.- Gauge field topology and instantons.- Topology on the lattice.- Instanton ensembles.- QCD correlation functions and topology.- Light-front wave functions, exclusive processes and instanton-induced quark interactions.- The topological landscape and the sphaleron path.- Sphaleron transitions in Big and Little Bangs.- Chiral matter.- Instanton-dyons.- Instanton-dyon ensembles.- The Poisson duality between the particle-monopole and the semiclassical (instanton) descriptions.- The QCD flux tubes.- Holographic Gauge-Gravity duality.- Holographic QCD.- Summary.