Rogue Queen

Rogue Queen is a ground-breaking novel by L. Sprague de Camp that was one of the first science fiction books to deal with sexual themes, paving the way for more daring works by future authors. ***
Part of the Viagens Interplanetarias series, the story takes place on a planet circling the star Lalande 21185, also known as Ormazd. When humans arrive on the planet they find a hive-like society with a hyper-fertile queen being serviced by male drones. ***

All the other females of the species are infertile, or so it is believed. However, when one of the worker females rebels she discovers that the workers infertility is largely a result of the diet they follow.