Pleistocene Archaeology in Virginia

This 300-page site report presents extensive surface-collected artifacts, site testing, and limited excavations on the Arkfeld site in Virginia which offers an insight to the Pleistocene occupation in Virginia and the U.S. The report illustrates and discusses main site areas all of which is called Arkfeld paleosite in Frederick and Clarke Counties, Virginia. It is essentially a quarry tool production area which produced a distinctive toolset. While stone quarrying is the basic focus, clay mining, bitumen coating, and stone figurine production are also the result of the site's investigation and study. The site represents the first known site in the Western Hemisphere of Pleistocene era that has firing of clay. The site's artifacts and processes indicate an Old World legacy from the Paleolithic era. The site has tools forms that are unreported in the eastern U.S. Numerous tool classes are legacy tools for Clovis. The book also discusses lanceolate points. It is classified as a PaleoAmerican site.